Age and season effects on quality of diets selected by Criollo crossbred goats on rangeland

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of age of goats (4-week old, 6.2 0.7 kg vs mature, 46.9 5.6 kg) and season (rainy vs dry) on nutrient content of diets selected by Criollo crossbred female goats on an overgrazed Chihuahuan desert rangeland. Two groups of goats, 10 goat kids and 10 non-lactating pluriparous goats from a commercial goat herd were used. Diet quality and dry matter (DM) intake was assessed via repeated collections (3-h periods) of forage from the mouth of goats, which were momentarily restrained using a light short permanent rope tightened to their neck while grazing. Feed intake was assessed by 24-h fecal collection with canvas fecal-collection bags. Mature animals ate more (P < 0.01, 23 g DM/kg bodyweight 7 s.d.) than goat kids (19.5 g DM/kg bodyweight 6 s.d.) across grazing seasons, but DM digestibility of selected diet was greater (P < 0.01) in goat kids than in mature goats (58.5 4.0% vs 55.3 3.5%, respectively) across seasons. Ash (100 16 vs 79 13 g/kg DM), phosphorus (1.36 0.41 vs 1.13 0.36% DM) and crude protein (94.5 4 vs 88.5 5 g/kg DM) contents were greater (P < 0.01) in diets selected by goat kids compared with mature goats. Dietary protein was greater in rainy than in the dry season. Across grazing seasons, herbage selected by goat kids had a lower (P < 0.01) concentration of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre than did that selected by mature goats. There was an age by grazing season interaction (P < 0.05) for most chemical components of forages selected by goats. In conclusion, both age and season affected diet quality of goats on rangeland, as goat kids ingested a diet richer in nutrients than that of mature goats. This supports the theory that herbage selection is shaped by physiological effort and, consequently, nutrient consumption is driven by higher nutrient requirements for growth, although incomplete development of rumen function and small body mass limited feed intake in preweaning goat kids

Multifractal properties of return time statistics

Fluctuations in the return time statistics of a dynamical system can be described by a new spectrum of dimensions. Comparison with the usual multifractal analysis of measures is presented, and difference between the two corresponding sets of dimensions is established. Theoretical analysis and numerical examples of dynamical systems in the class of Iterated Functions are presented.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Sistema de alertas de necesidades de personas con parálisis cerebral espástica, a través de sus ondas cerebrales SIAPANOC

Tesis (Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESCOM, 2015, 1 archivo PDF, (175 páginas). tesis.ipn.m

Production systems of malting malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Zacatecas acatecas state statestate , Mexico

In order to know the production systems of malting barley in the state of Zacatecas, a diagnosis study was carried out by direct interview to 48 farmers following a questionnaire based on the evaluation of market chains. Data was gathered on 194 variables and submitted to multifactorial and cluster analysis. Three production system were defined whose main characteristics for System I were: 50 years average age, education up to elementary school, 43 ha of land property and cultivation of 81 ha, low irrigation availability, method of sowing without rows and soil corrugationsm, average yield, 1.6 t ha-1, 10-30% of grain not suitable for malting, profit/cost ratio, 1.7. For System II: 40 years average age, education up to high school, 50 ha of land property and cultivation of 82 ha, method of sowing without rows and soil corrugations, yield from 1.5 to 2.5 t ha-1, 10% of grain not suitable for malting, profit/cost ratio, 1.7. For System III: 36 years average age, education up to baccalaureate, 215 ha of land property and cultivation of 250 ha, precision sowing average yield, 1.8 t ha-1, 5% of grain not suitable for malting, profit/cost ratio, 1.45. The productivity of the systems was directly related to farmer’s level of education, and the sowing method used, and inversely related with farmer’s age.Con el objetivo de caracterizar los sistemas de producción de cebada maltera en el estado de Zacatecas, México, en el año 2004 se entrevistó a una muestra aleatoria de 48 productores de este cereal. Se aplicó un cuestionario diseñado con base en la Metodología de Evaluación de Cadenas Agro-alimenticias. Se registró información de 194 variables que fueron sometidas a análisis multifactorial y de conglomerados para delimitar los sistemas de producción. Se identificaron tres sistemas, cuyas características principales para el Sistema I fueron: Cincuenta años de edad promedio de los productores, escolaridad menor a secundaria, superficies de tierra propia de 43 ha y 81 ha sembradas, baja disponibilidad de riego, método de siembra al voleo sin corrugaciones, rendimiento medio de 1.6 t ha-1, de 10 a 30% de grano no apto para malta, relación beneficio/costo de 1.7. En el Sistema II fueron: Promedio de 40 años de edad de los productores, educación secundaria-bachillerato, 50 ha propias y 82 ha sembradas, siembra al voleo sin corrugaciones y rendimiento entre 1.5-2.5 t ha-1, 10% de grano no apto para malta, relación beneficio/costo de 1.7. El Sistema III tuvo: Edad promedio de 36 años, escolaridad de bachillerato, superficie propia de 215 ha y superficie sembrada de 245 ha, método de siembra de precisión, rendimiento de 1.8 t ha-1, 5% de grano no apto para malta, relación beneficio/costo de 1.45. La productividad de los sistemas se relacionó directamente con la escolaridad de los productores y el método de siembra e inversamente con la edad

Validation of the Ischaemia Severity Scale (ISS) Based on Non-Invasive Vascular Assessments (SEWSS) for Predicting Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Attack

Assessment of ischaemia severity includes a variety of measures, such as pedal pulse palpation, the ankle/brachial index (ABI), and the toe/brachial index (TBI), but there is a lack of consensus regarding which ischaemia scale is the most effective for determining outcome prognosis. The purpose of this study is to validate the application of the ischaemia severity scale (ISS) in the effective prediction of wound healing, amputations, and mortality for diabetic foot wounds (DFW). This prospective study included 235 consecutive patients graded according to the Saint Elian Wound Score System (SEWSS). The ISS is part of this system, with patients being scored as non-ischaemic (0) or having mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3) ischaemia. Age, diabetes duration in years, and ulcer size were found to be associated with a longer mean ischaemia of increasing severity. A trend of reduction in the pulse palpation rates (70.4%, 50%, 8.5% to 0%; p p p p p < 0.01) was observed with increasing values of the ISS (0, 1, 2, and 3). The odds ratio for adverse outcomes increased for each additional level of ischaemia severity. Thus, we demonstrate that the ISS is useful in effectively predicting adverse outcomes for DFW