Formación del sujeto-lector-crítico en los escenarios hipertextuales (Formation of the subject critical reader in the hypertextual scenarios)

Se pretende, mediante una breve reflexión pedagógica, comprender e interpretar el asunto en torno a las condiciones que configuran la formación de un sujeto-lector-crítico en los escenarios hipertextuales de mediaciones tecnológicas. Conforme a lo anterior, resulta necesario, primero, dar cuenta brevemente del devenir histórico de la reflexión formativa; segundo, comprender algunos de los problemas constitutivos presentes en los escenarios educativos y las emergencias que configuran el sujeto-lector-crítico; tercero, identificar los aspectos inherentes al discurso de las mediaciones tecnológicas e hipertextuales en el campo de la formación y, finalmente, dar respuesta a los interrogantes: ¿existe formación en los espacios de virtualidad?, ¿hay sujeto en los entornos de mediación tecnológica

Optimización de tráfico de red mediante compresión, multiplexión y tunelado: análisis y caracterización

Hoy en día Internet da soporte a multitud de servicios interactivos y aplicaciones en tiempo real, que necesitan ser enviados con alta frecuencia y bajo retardo entre los dos extremos de la comunicación. Esto se traduce en un tipo de tráfico caracterizado por altas tasas de paquetes pequeños, en los que la cabecera supone un alto porcentaje del tamaño total. Se produce así un elevado "overhead" que eleva el consumo de ancho de banda. El objetivo es analizar la eficiencia del tráfico cuando se utilizan técnicas de compresión, multiplexión y tunelado de paquetes. Desde el grupo de investigación CeNITEQ se ha propuesto al IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) un método de optimización de tráfico para su estandarización a nivel global. Para lograr este objetivo, es necesario realizar una batería de pruebas, con tráfico real, cuyo análisis permitirá comprobar las mejoras obtenidas. Para ello se utilizará una implementación en fase de pruebas de un protocolo de multiplexión, realizada por el grupo de investigación. Además, se utilizará una librería que implementa un algoritmo estándar de compresión de cabeceras

The Influence of Recognition and Social Support on European Health Professionals’ Occupational Stress: A Demands-Control-Social Support-Recognition Bayesian Network Model

Healthcare professionals undergo high levels of occupational stress as a result of their working conditions. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop a model that focuses on healthcare professionals so as to analyze the influence that job demands, control, social support, and recognition have on the likelihood that a worker will experience stress.The data collected correspond to 2,211 healthcare workers from 35 countries, as reported in the sixth EuropeanWorking Condition Survey (EWCS). The results obtained fromthis study allowus to infer stress under severalworking condition scenarios and to identify themore relevant variables in order to reduce this stress in healthcare professionals, which is of paramount importance to managing the stress of workers in this sector. The Bayesian network proposed indicates that emotional demands have a greater influence on raising the likelihood of stress due to workload than do family demands. The results show that the support of colleagues, in general, has less effect on reducing stress than social support from superiors. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis shows that, in high-demand and low-control situations, recognition clearly impacts stress, drastically reducing it

Wind Energy Harnessing in a Railway Infrastructure: Converter Topology and Control Proposal

Long distances in the vicinities of railways are not exploited in terms of wind energy. This paper presents a scalable power electronics approach, aimed to harness the wind potential in a railway infrastructure. The key aspect of this proposal relies on both using the wind energy in the location, and the displaced air mass during the movement of a train along the railway, in order to produce electrical energy. Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) are used in order to take advantage of the wind power, and widely used and well-known power converter techniques to accomplish the goal, showing MPPT techniques, parallelization of converters and power delivery with a Solid State Transformer (SST). Results are shown according simulations of the whole system, with and without train activity, resulting that 30.6 MWh of the energy could be generated without the train, and the energy generated with the assistance of the train could reach 32.3 MWh a year. Concluding that almost the 10% of the energy could be provided by the assistance of the train.The authors thank the support from the Basque Government (project ELKARTEK Twin KK-2020/00050, GISEL Research Group IT1191-19 and PIBA_2019_1_0098), as well as from the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (COLAB19/02, under Grant PES16/31)

Empirical calendar ageing model for electric vehicles and energy storage systems batteries

Transport electrification and energy storage are considered part of the solution to decrease CO2 emissions from the energy and transport sectors. In this context, batteries can be a promising technology, since advances in the last few years have ensured a larger lifetime and better performance. Depending on actual use of the batteries, calendar ageing can be considered as the main origin of degradation in both transport electrification and energy storage since electric vehicles are parked 96 % of the time and battery energy storage stations (BESSs) can remain at a high State of Charge (SoC) for a long time along their lifetime. Therefore, a lifetime model or a degradation model of batteries is necessary to optimally develop an application of these in every sector. In this sense, this paper presents a calendar ageing model of a nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) battery, which is used in commercialised electric vehicles. The degradation model presented here is based on the Hermite Cubic Interpolation Polynomial (PCHIP) over an experimental results data set in combination with a power law for modeling the influence of the storing time. In this context, four fitting equations have been compared in search of the most appropriate time depending rate, and the accuracy of the most commonly used model was improved. The storing temperature and SoC have been found to be the most harmful factors in the degradation of these batteries by calendar ageing. The degradation model developed yields of an average root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.8 % in capacity fade (CF), while in power fade (PF), the average RMSE has been 2.3 %.The authors thank the Basque Government (project PIBA_2019_1_0098, KK-2022/00100 and GISEL research group IT1522-22) and the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (project COLAB19 and PES16/31) for their support

Filaggrin gene mutations and new SNPs in asthmatic patients: a cross-sectional study in a Spanish population

[EN] Background: Several null-mutations in the FLG gene that produce a decrease or absence of filaggrin in the skin and predispose to atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris have been described. The relationship with asthma is less clear and may be due to the influence of atopy in patients with associated asthma. Methods: Four hundred individuals were included, 300 patients diagnosed with asthma divided into two groups according to their phenotype (allergic and non-allergic asthma) and 100 strictly characterized controls. The coding region and flanking regions of the FLG gene were amplified by PCR. We proceeded to the characterization of potential gene variants in that region by RFLP and sequencing and analysed their association with lung function parameters, asthma control and severity, and quality of life. Results: We identified two null-mutations (R501X and 2282del4), seven SNPs previously described in databases and three SNPs that had not been previously described. One of the SNP identified in this study (1741A > T) was more frequently detected in patients with non-allergic asthma, worse FVC, FEV1 and PEF values and a higher treatment step. In addition, lowered spirometric values were observed in the non-allergic group carrying any of the nonsynonymous SNPs. Conclusions: In the association study of genetic variants of the FLG gene in our population the 1741A > T polymorphism seems to be associated with non-allergic asthma

CRISPR-Cas9 Technology as a Tool to Target Gene Drivers in Cancer: Proof of Concept and New Opportunities to Treat Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic malignancy produced by a unique oncogenic event involving the constitutively active tyrosine-kinase (TK) BCR/ABL1. TK inhibitors (TKI) changed its prognosis and natural history. Unfortunately, ABL1 remains unaffected by TKIs. Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) remain, and resistant mutations arise during treatment. To address this problem, we have designed a therapeutic CRISPR-Cas9 deletion system targeting BCR/ABL1. The system was efficiently electroporated to cell lines, LSCs from a CML murine model, and LSCs from CML patients at diagnosis, generating a specific ABL1 null mutation at high efficiency and allowing the edited leukemic cells to be detected and tracked. The CRISPR-Cas9 deletion system triggered cell proliferation arrest and apoptosis in murine and human CML cell lines. Patient and murine-derived xenografts with CRISPR-edited LSCs in NOD SCID gamma niches revealed that normal multipotency and repopulation ability of CRISPR edited LSCs were fully restored. Normal hematopoiesis was restored, avoiding myeloid bias. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time how a CRISPR-Cas9 deletion system efficiently interrupts BCR/ABL1 oncogene in primary LSCs to bestow a therapeutic benefit. This study is a proof of concept for genome editing in all those diseases, like CML, sustained by a single oncogenic event, opening up new therapeutic opportunities

Tularemia Outbreaks in Spain from 2007 to 2020 in Humans and Domestic and Wild Animals

[EN] In this study, tularemia outbreaks associated with humans and several domestic and wild animals (Iberian hares, wild rabbits, voles, mice, grey shrews, sheep, dogs, foxes, wolves, ticks, and river crayfish) are reported in Spain from 2007 to 2020. Special attention was paid to the outbreaks in humans in 2007-2009 and 2014-2015, when the most important waves occurred. Moreover, positive rates of tularemia in lagomorphs were detected in 2007-2010, followed by negative results in 2011-2013, before again returning to positive rates in 2014 and in 2017 and in 2019-2020. Lagomorphs role in spreading Francisella tularensis in the epidemiological chain could not be discarded. F. tularensis is described for the first time infecting the shrew Crocidura russula worldwide, and it is also reported for the first time infecting wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Spain. Serological positives higher than 0.4% were seen for sheep only from 2007-2009 and again in 2019, while serological rates greater than 1% were revealed in dogs in 2007-2008 and in wild canids in 2016. F. tularensis were detected in ticks in 2009, 2014-2015, 2017, and 2019. Lastly, negative results were achieved for river crayfish and also in environmental water samples from 2007 to 2020SIThis research received no external funding but was supported by the contract-project called Caracterización molecular de las cepas de Francisella tularensis aisladas en lagomorfos y roedores de Castilla y León, financed by the Dirección General de Producción Agropecuaria e Infraestructuras, Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Junta de Castilla y León. All the isolates are owned by the Junta de Castilla y Leó

Next-generation sequencing of bile cell-free DNA for the early detection of patients with malignant biliary strictures

Objective: despite significant progresses in imaging and pathological evaluation, early differentiation between benign and malignant biliary strictures remains challenging. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used to investigate biliary strictures, enabling the collection of bile. We tested the diagnostic potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) mutational analysis of bile cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Design: a prospective cohort of patients with suspicious biliary strictures (n=68) was studied. The performance of initial pathological diagnosis was compared with that of the mutational analysis of bile cfDNA collected at the time of first ERCP using an NGS panel open to clinical laboratory implementation, the Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free assay. Results: an initial pathological diagnosis classified these strictures as of benign (n=26), indeterminate (n=9) or malignant (n=33) origin. Sensitivity and specificity of this diagnosis were 60% and 100%, respectively, as on follow-up 14 of the 26 and eight of the nine initially benign or indeterminate strictures resulted malignant. Sensitivity and specificity for malignancy of our NGS assay, herein named Bilemut, were 96.4% and 69.2%, respectively. Importantly, one of the four Bilemut false positives developed pancreatic cancer after extended follow-up. Remarkably, the sensitivity for malignancy of Bilemut was 100% in patients with an initial diagnosis of benign or indeterminate strictures. Analysis of 30 paired bile and tissue samples also demonstrated the superior performance of Bilemut. Conclusion: implementation of Bilemut at the initial diagnostic stage for biliary strictures can significantly improve detection of malignancy, reduce delays in the clinical management of patients and assist in selecting patients for targeted therapies.Funding: we thank the financial support of CIBERehd; grants PI16/01126 and PI19/00163 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) cofinanced by ’Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional’ (FEDER) ’Una manera de hacer Europa’; grants 58/2017 and 55/2018 from Gobierno de Navarra Salud; grant 0011-1411-2020-000010 from AGATA Strategic Project from Gobierno de Navarra; grant 2020/101 from Euroregion Nouvelle Aquitaine-Euskadi-Navarra; Fundación Eugenio Rodríguez Pascual; Fundación Mario Losantos, Fundación M Torres; grant 2018/117 from AMMF, the Cholangiocarcinoma Charity; the COST Action CA181122 Euro-cholangio-Net; POSTD18014AREC postdoctoral fellowship from AECC to MA; and Ramón y Cajal Program contracts RYC-2014-15242 and RYC-2018-024475-1 to FJC and MGFB