Datos sobre la pteridoflora subespontánea ibérica: Cyrtomium falcatum (Dryopteridaceae) y Nephrolepis cordifolia (Nephrolepidaceae)

Data about the subspontaneous iberian pterydophyte flora: Cyrtomium falcatum (Dryopteridaceae), and Nephrolepis cordifolia (Nephrolepidaceae).Palabras clave. Pteridoflora, Corologfa, Alicante, Comunidad Valenciana, España.Key words. Pterydophyte flora, Corology, Alicante, Valencian County, Spain

Nuevas aportaciones a la flora de la provincia de Alicante

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Species Boundaries and Population Divergence in the Pyrenean Endemic Relict Genus Borderea (Dioscoreaceae) as Revealed by Microsatellite (SSR) and Other Hypervariable Markers

Microsatellite alleles were used to delimit the genetic boundaries and divergence of the two relictual endemic Pyrenean taxa Borderea chouardii and B. pyrenaica (Dioscoreaceae), and to infer the different life histories followed by each species. Our study was conducted on the same populations previously analyzed with allozymes and RAPD markers. The three studied data sets were congruent in the inference of a single evolutionary scenario for the split of the two Borderea taxa from a common Tertiary ancestor in the Prepyrenees, thus supporting their taxonomic treatment as separate species. However, the more variable SSR and RAPD data provided better resolution for a stepping-stone model of local colonization of B. pyrenaica populations from southern Prepyrenean refugia to the northern Pyrenees. SSR markers proved to be more robust than RAPD markers in assessing the genetic structure of recently diverged populations of B. pyrenaica and thus qualified as the best molecular markers for fine-scale evolutionary investigations of Dioscoreaceae. Furthermore, microsatellites rendered unique clues to decipher the mechanisms involved in the origin of these relictual species and their genetic background. Borderea was shown to be a tetraploid genus of hybrid origin with a chromosome base number of x = 6. Phylogenetic data, karyological evidence, and our present knowledge based on microsatellite analyses allowed us to speculate that the Pyrenean endemic genus Borderea and its sister taxon, the Mediterranean genus Tamus, represent some of the oldest paleopolyploid lineages of the mostly pantropical yam family

Propuesta de microrreservas vegetales : una alternativa para la conservación de líquenes en la comunidad Valenciana.

En el ámbito de la Comunidad Valenciana se proponen 6 áreas como microrreservas de flora liquénica: 1.Villena, Cabezo del Chocolaino y 2. Xàbia, Cabo de San Antonio, Morro dels Cocons, dos en la provincia de Alicante. 3. Pina de Montalgrao. Santa Bárbara de Pina y 4. Illes Columbretes. Illa Grossa dos en la provincia de Castellón y 5. Puebla de San Miguel. Cerro Calderón y 6. El Saler. Pujol Nou, dos en la provincia de Valencia. De cada una de ellas se incluye localización, descripción y especies liquénicas de interés. Finalmente, en el marco de la protección, se presenta para el conjunto de las seis microreservas propuestas, una tabla con las especies de líquenes vulnerables o amenazadas y las principales amenazas identificadas en dichas áreas.In the scope of the Valencian Community 6 areas are proposed as lichenological flora micro-reserves, two of them are located in the Alicante province: 1.Villena, Cabezo del Chocolaino and 2. Xàbia, Cabo de San Antonio, Morro dels Cocons, two in the Castellón province: 3. Pina de Montalgrao. Santa Bárbara de Pina and 4. Illes Columbretes. Illa Grossa and two in the Valencia province: 5. Puebla de San Miguel. Cerro Calderón and 6. El Saler. Pujol Nou. Location, description and a list of the most interesting lichen species from all the micro-reserves areas are included. Finally, within the species protection framework, a table with the vulnerable or endangered lichen species and the threats identified are presented for the six microreserves proposed

The bryophyte flora of the city of Valencia (Eastern Spain)

Bryophytes constitute an important part of the unmanaged plant diversity of urban areas, however, it is generally overlooked and poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the urban bryoflora of Valencia, the third most important Spanish city. A total of 1,178 bryophyte samples from 94 sampling sites were identified rendering 102 taxa, 96 mosses and 6 liverworts. Despite the high overall taxon richness, the number of taxa per locality was rather low, 12.53±8.06. The sites that harbored the highest taxon richness were those with a variety of natural, old and relatively unmanaged substrates such as the Botanical Garden, Viveros Garden and the Turia River Garden. The high species richness shown in our study may relate to a combination of factors, including the diversity of habitats represented, the sampling intensity and the recentness of this study. This study adds 18 taxa new to the Spanish urban bryoflora, one species new to the Valencian Community and other five new to both, the Spanish urban bryoflora and the Valencian Community

Unravelling genetics at the top: mountain islands or isolated belts?

Background and Aims In mountain plant populations, local adaptation has been described as one of the main responses to climate warming, allowing plants to persist under stressful conditions. This is especially the case for marginal populations at their lowest elevation, as they are highly vulnerable. Adequate levels of genetic diversity are required for selection to take place, while high levels of altitudinal gene flow are seen as a major limiting factor potentially precluding local adaptation processes. Thus, a compromise between genetic diversity and gene flow seems necessary to guarantee persistence under oncoming conditions. It is therefore critical to determine if gene flow occurs preferentially between mountains at similar altitudinal belts, promoting local adaptation at the lowest populations, or conversely along altitude within each mountain. Methods Microsatellite markers were used to unravel genetic diversity and population structure, inbreeding and gene flow of populations at two nearby altitudinal gradients of Silene ciliata, a Mediterranean high-mountain cushion plant. Key Results Genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients were similar in all populations. Substantial gene flow was found both along altitudinal gradients and horizontally within each elevation belt, although greater values were obtained along altitudinal gradients. Gene flow may be responsible for the homogeneous levels of genetic diversity found among populations. Bayesian cluster analyses also suggested that shifts along altitudinal gradients are the most plausible scenario. Conclusions Past population shifts associated with glaciations and interglacial periods in temperate mountains may partially explain current distributions of genetic diversity and population structure. In spite of the predominance of gene flow along the altitudinal gradients, local genetic differentiation of one of the lower populations together with the detection of one outlier locus might support the existence of different selection forces at low altitude

An eco-physiological and biotechnological approach to conservation of the world-wide rare and endangered aquatic liverwort Riella helicophylla (Bory et Mont.) Mont.

The rare aquatic liverwort Riella helicophylla (Bory et Mont.) Mont., inhabitant of temporary shallow ponds around the Mediterranean basin, is considered threatened throughout its distribution range. In addition, little is known of its biology and ecology or of its role in such an important ecosystem where environmental conditions vary yearly in unpredictable ways. In these variable habitats, due to the seasonal fluctuation of water levels, there is no guarantee of yearly spore input into the spore bank. Spore germination rate and the effects of different culture media in an axenic culture establishment, as well as propagation procedures of R. helicophylla, were tested. New insights into the ecology and biology of R. helicophylla are given. Spore dormancy is documented, and the protocols for the in vitro culture establishment, propagation and acclimatization of this liverwort are developed. Dry storage at 20 ± 2 °C for about three months broke the dormancy of spores, which subsequently germinated in a high percentage (over 90%). A two phase (solid and liquid) culture media system was developed for the purpose of achieving fully developed gametophytes. The liquid phase contained electrolytes simulating brackish water

Localizadas en Antequera (Málaga) las primeras poblaciones para Europa continental de la hepática mundialmente rara, Riella affinis

Riella Mont. es un género de plantas acuáticas talosas, con unas características morfológicas y ecológicas muy singulares que las hacen destacar sobre el conjunto de las hepáticas. Una de sus peculiaridades es que crecen sumergidas en aguas dulces y salobres, principalmente en lagunas temporales de zonas áridas o semiáridas, aunque también lo hacen en arroyos someros y de forma más rara en lagos permanentes. Las lagunas temporales, su principal hábitat, son humedales con una fase seca recurrente que, en la región Mediterránea, suele coincidir con el verano

Adiciones y correcciones a la orquidoflora valenciana, VII

Se aportan datos sobre algunos táxones de Orchidaceae que resultan escasos en la Comunidad Valenciana o en determinadas de sus comarcas; a destacar la presencia de Ophrys santonica y O. × pseudospeculum en Alicante.It is shown some data about rare taxa of Orchidaceae at the Valencian Community (E Spain) or expansions of area to new shires; to emphasize the presence of Ophrys santonica and O. × pseudospeculum in Alicante