A Geodiversidade do Município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil: Valores e Ameaças

Devido a uma paisagem cênica única, o município de Florianópolis atrai milhares de turistas e um crescente número de novos moradores. Entretanto, mesmo com 45% do território definido como Área de Preservação Permanente, a diversidade de ecossistemas e de patrimônio natural está sendo degradada devido à construção de infraestruturas urbano-turísticas, o que vem provocando também a perda de geodiversidade, ainda pouco reconhecida pela sociedade. A geodiversidade refere-se à variedade de elementos geológicos e geomorfológicos de um território, que são produto e registro da evolução da Terra. Para fundamentar a necessidade da sua gestão, este artigo teve como objetivo identificar a geodiversidade de Florianópolis, assim como os seus valores e ameaças, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de trabalho de campo. A geodiversidade do município é enquadrada por duas unidades/domínios geológico-geomorfológico principais: o embasamento cristalino (rochas graníticas intrudidas por diques de diabásio) e o domínio das planícies costeiras (com uma dinâmica recente desenvolvidas em ambientes continental e transicional). Como valores foram identificados o econômico, cultural, funcional, educativo e científico. As ameaças consistem em erosão costeira, construção de aterros para a criação de infraestruturas urbanas, contaminação do solo e erosão em trilhas. Através do balanço entre os valores e ameaças identificadas sobre a geodiversidade do município de Florianópolis, verifica-se a necessidade urgente de implementação de estratégias de geoconservação e de gestão ambiental por parte do município, tendo em conta a pressão antrópica crescente neste território.Due to a unique scenic landscape, the municipality of Florianópolis attracts thousands of tourists and an increasing number of new residents. However, even with 45% of the territory designated as Permanent Preservation Area, the diversity of ecosystems and natural heritage is being degraded due to urban-tourist development, which has led to the loss of geodiversity, still under- recognized by the society. Geodiversity refers to the variety of geological and geomorphological elements of a territory, which are the product and record of Earth's evolution. In order to justify the need for its management, this paper aimed to identify the geodiversity of Florianópolis, together with its values and threats, through a bibliographical review and field work. The geodiversity of the municipality is defined by two main geological-geomorphological units/domains: the crystalline basement (granite rocks intruded by diabase dikes) and the coastal plains domain (a recent dynamic systems developed in continental and transitional depositional systems). As values identified were the economic, cultural, functional, educational and scientific. The threats consist of coastal erosion, construction of landfills for urban infrastructure, soil contamination and erosion on trails. Based on the balance between the values and threats on the geodiversity of Florianópolis and considering a growing anthropic pressure upon this territory, there is the need for an urgent implementation of geoconservation strategies and environmental management by the municipality

Ordovician and Silurian geological heritage of the Arouca region (Portugal)

4 páginas, 3 figuras.-- Trabajo presentado en la 44ª Sesión Científica, Jaén, 2008.The studied region is situated in the Aveiro district, about 50 km SW of Oporto (northern Portugal) and has a rich geological, biological and cultural heritage. The Arouca Geopark was formally established there in late 2007, under the auspices of Arouca’s Municipal Chamber, to reunite 36 geosites from which some of them involve remarkable Ordovician and Silurian rocks and fossils. Outcrops of both periods belong to the Valongo- Tamames syncline of the Central Iberian Zone. Lower Palaeozoic rocks around the Canelas Slate Quarry are of special interest, leading to the creation of a geotouristic route visiting three Ordovician units (Santa Justa quartzites, Valongo shales and Sobrido quartzite plus glaciomarine diamictites) and one Silurian (graptolitic black shales), as well as a Roman gold mine dug in the Lower Ordovician quartzites. However, the most outstanding geosite is the quarry itself, where Middle Ordovician giant trilobites (up to 70 cm in size) and trilobite clusters (up to thousands of specimens) occur in large slabs of slate and are recovered during the exploitation. The Geological Interpretation Centre of Canelas, located near the quarry and open since 2006, is one of the main tourist attractions of the Arouca Geopark, created to preserve and disseminate knowledge about trilobites and the Ordovician world, and having received more than 10,000 visitors in its first 17 months.La empresa Ardósias Valério & Figueiredo Lda., por su apoyo continuado al trabajo paleontológico en la cantera de Canelas. A la Câmara Municipal de Arouca, por su sensibilidad en la gestión del patrimonio geológico y la financiación (a D.R.) para su inventario. Este trabajo es una contribución a los proyectos CGL2006-07628/BTE y PTDC/CTE-GEX/64966/2006, financiados por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia español y la Fundación de Ciencia y Tecnología de Portugal, respectivamente.Peer reviewe

Arouca Geopark: Geotourists are arriving!

1 página.-- IES-04 Geoparks and geotourism.The present work is being performed under the project "Identification, Characterization and Conservation of Geological Heritage: a Geoconservation strategy for Portugal" sponsored by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (PTDC/CTE-GEX/64966/2006, years 2007-2009), and is also part of the PATRIORSI project of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL2006-07628/BTE, years 2006-2009).Peer reviewe

The Iberian Massif Landscape and Fluvial Network in Portugal: a geoheritage inventory based on the scientific value

Integrated in the national inventory of geological heritage in Portugal, the “Iberian Massif Landscape and Fluvial Network” was selected as one of the geological frameworks with international relevance. Taking into account the diversity of geomorphological and stratigraphic elements occurring in the Portuguese Iberian Massif, 38 geosites were selected in order to represent five themes related to the main geomorphological elements of the Iberian Massif Landscape: major residual landforms, granite landforms, tectonic landforms, correlative sediments, and fluvial landforms. For each theme, some sub-themes were defined, together with key-areas that were considered for the selection of geosites. A quantitative assessment of the scientific value and vulnerability of all geosites was undertaken using a methodology that numerically scores a set of criteria. Results highlight the Vilariça geosite with top-priority for management based on its high scientific value and high vulnerability, and the key-area of Miranda do Corvo-Lousã Basin because of the high concentration of geosites. The quantitative evaluation shows that seven geosites have high vulnerability and that special attention should be paid to sedimentary sections. These results allow the establishment of priorities for the management of geosites under the scope of a national geoconservation strategy.This paper results of the research done at the University of Minho and at the Geology Centre of the University of Porto, both partially founded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (strategic project with reference PEst-OE/CTE/UI0039/2014), and IMAR-CMA – University of Coimbra, sponsored by the Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CONSERVAÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO PALEONTOLÓGICO DO GEOPARK ARARIPE (BRASIL): ENQUADRAMENTO, ESTRATÉGIAS E CONDICIONANTES

O reconhecimento da importância geológica do Geopark Araripe é, em grande parte, fruto da sua riqueza paleontológica, destacando-se a bacia sedimentar do Araripe que contém, à escala mundial, uma das mais importantes associações fossilíferas do Cretáceo Inferior. Infelizmente, apesar dos condicionantes legais, continua a verificar-se o comércio ilegal de fósseis da bacia do Araripe e a saída de muitos destes fósseis do país. Os fósseis mais raros e com melhor grau de preservação, que adquirem deste modo um excepcional valor científico, são os alvos privilegiados deste comércio. São várias as causas para esta situação, que está documentada há décadas, mas que tarda em se encontrar uma solução. Com este trabalho pretende-se promover e difundir ações que integram uma estratégia de educação formal e não formal, no sentido de consolidar a prática da geoconservação do patrimônio paleontológico do Geopark Araripe. Embora se reconheça que os resultados e efeitos concretos destas propostas não são imediatos, são iniciativas que podem ser utilizadas numa estratégia de geoconservação. Estas ações são aplicáveis no Geopark Araripe, assim como em outras áreas fossilíferas do Brasil e do mundo

Arouca Geopark: geotourists are arriving!

The Arouca Geopark, located in the Aveiro district (northern Portugal), originated in 2005 and was formally established in late 2007, under the auspices of Arouca's Municipal Chamber. This ongoing project will soon be submitted to the European and Global Geoparks Networks, making it the second Portuguese geopark inside these networks. During the last three years, an international multidisciplinary team has been working on the rich geodiversity of the area, promoting the inventory and characterization of 36 geological sites, together with the identification of biological and cultural heritage (archaeology, history, ethnography, gastronomy) which are necessary to fulfil the geopark requirements. The link with educational and tourist activities is also progressing, aiming the sustainable development of the region. Among the 36 geological sites subject to preliminary studies and already accessible, two of them are of special international relevance: the Canelas Slate Quarry and its on-site Museum, and the Castanheira Nodular Granite, with a place popularly known as pedras parideiras (= "the stones that give birth", or rather "rocks delivering stones"). The first is an outstanding fossil locality of Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) age, where giant trilobites (up to 70 cm in size) and trilobite clusters (from several to thousands of specimens) occur in large slabs of shale, recovered during roofing slate quarrying. The Valerio & Figueiredo private company encourages scientific access to its quarry and has built an on-site museum to preserve and disseminate knowledge about trilobites and the Ordovician world. The Geological Interpretation Centre of Canelas, located near the quarry and open since 2006, is one of the main tourist attractions of the Arouca Geopark, having received more than 10,000 visitors in 2007. The Castanheira Granite is a small and very peculiar granite outcrop that contains a remarkable abundance of discoidal biotite nodules ranging from 1−12 cm in diameter, now protected by the Arouca municipality and visited by 15,000 persons during the last year. A popular legend attributes magical properties to these nodules in terms of female fertility, since these dark mineral lumps pop out spontaneously from a creamy-coloured matrix due to differential dilatation during the hot summers. A new interpretation centre will be established in 2008, using an old house close to the outcrop: the "House of Rocks Delivering Stones". The present work is being performed under the project "Identification, Characterization and Conservation of Geological Heritage: a Geoconservation strategy for Portugal" sponsored by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (PTDC/CTEGEX/64966/2006, years 2007-2009), and is also part of the PATRIORSI project of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL2006- 07628/BTE, years 2006-2009)

Terrestrial impact structures as geoheritage: an assessment method of their scientific value and its application to Brazil

Terrestrial impact structures are geological and geomorphological features with particular importance to understand the history and evolution of the planet. Impact structures are scattered around the world but in many countries these features are under threat, essentially due to anthropic factors. Impact structures with higher scienti c value should be considered as geological heritage and, consequently, be subjected to geoconservation strategies. In order to select the most important impact structures to be properly conserved and managed, this paper proposes a quantitative assessment method of the scienti c value of these structures. The eight Brazilian impact structures were used to test this method that has the potential to be applied to any geological context in any country. The structures known as Araguainha Dome-MT and Serra da Cangalha-TO reached a higher scienti c value, which justi es the need to develop geoconservation strategies and a proper management.The Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq / National Council for Research and Development) and the Programa Ciências sem Fronteiras / Science Without Borders Programme are acknowledged for the support of the postdoctoral grant No 233209/2013-1 of the 1st author. The work was co-funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund, based on COMPETE 2020 (Programa Operacional da Competitividade e Internacionalização), project ICT (UID/ GEO/04683/2013) with reference POCI-01-0145- FEDER-007690 and Portuguese funds provided by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Inventorying geological heritage in large territories : a methodological proposal applied to Brazil

An adequate management of geological heritage by national and regional authorities presupposes the existence of a solid geosites inventory. Unfortunately, this is not the case for many countries. Most often, there is no national inventory at all or the method and criteria used to assess geosites was not adequate. This paper makes an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the most common procedures to produce a geosite inventory and proposes a methodology particularly adapted for large territories such as Brazil. Nevertheless, this methodological approach can be easily adapted to any other geographical or geological setting, promoting the characterization and conservation of the world's geological heritage.High Level Scholarship Programme of the European Union - Programme AlβanFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Inventory and quantitative assessment of geosites and geodiversity sites: a review

"Published online: 15 January 2015"The inventory and quantitative assessment of the most valuable occurrences of geodiversity are essential steps in any geoconservation strategy and in the establishment of priorities in site management. Despite the existence of many site inventories applied to different scales (countries, municipalities, parks, etc.), the criteria used for their selection are often unclear and poorly defined. This paper proposes a new approach to the concepts of geosite and geodiversity site and reviews the procedures used in the development of a systematic site inventory applied to different scales and values. Procedures to achieve a numerical evaluation of the value and degradation risk of sites are reviewed and new criteria are proposed. Finally, guidelines are presented, bearing in mind the preparation of effective geodiversity inventories, to support geoparks’ strategies. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding and use of the above-mentioned concepts, which are essential for the implementation of geoconservation actions worldwide.The author thanks Diamantino Pereira, Flavia Lima, and Paulo Pereira for fruitful discussions and insights; Teresa Mota for the English revision; and the reviewers for significant improvements of the first submitted version. This paper results of the research done at the University of Minho and at the Geology Centre of the University of Porto, partially founded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal), strategic project with reference PEst-OE/CTE/UI0039/2014