Photovoltaic Energy Study for a Smart City

Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade explorar a produção científica internacional de escritores brasileiros sobre estudo de energia fotovoltaica para uma cidade inteligente. Buscou-se referências na base de dados da Scielo, Elsevier, revistas, Congresso Brasileiro de Planejamento Energético, Ebook. Atualmente, estamos convivendo com algumas consequências do efeito estufa no dia-a-dia e presenciando o esgotamento dos recursos naturais. Acredita-se que é possível contribuirmos com o meio ambiente, por meio de outras fontes de energia renovável, por meio da energia solar, uma fonte de energia sustentável ao contrário da maioria das fontes de energia utilizadas nos dias de hoje, retiradas da natureza de formas degradadoras. Cidades inteligentes são cidades que buscam melhorias através de tecnologias como a energia solar, para torná-las agradáveis, verdes e modernas, buscando melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas. O trabalho buscou demonstrar conceitos de cidades inteligentes e o estudo de energias renováveis, direcionados às cidades sustentáveis.This research aimed to explore the international scientific production of Brazilian writers on the study of photovoltaic energy for a smart city. References were sought in the Scielo database, Elsevier, magazines, Brazilian Congress on Energy Planning, E-book. We are currently living with some consequences of the greenhouse effect in our daily lives and witnessing the depletion of natural resources. It is believed that it is possible to contribute to the environment, through other sources of renewable energy, through solar energy, a sustainable energy source unlike most of the energy sources used today, taken from the nature of degrading forms. Smart cities are cities that seek improvements through technologies such as solar energy, to make them pleasant, green and modern, seeking to improve people's quality of life. The work sought to demonstrate concepts of smart cities and the study of renewable energies, aimed at sustainable cities

Influência do controle de vibrações em um pórtico simples usando um amortecedor de massa ativa (AMD)

Neste trabalho, apresentamos a interação dinâmica entre a resposta de uma estrutura aporticada e um amortecedor de massa ativa (AMD).  A estrutura foi excitada na base por uma força harmônica e uma força sísmica. O método numérico da dinâmica não linear e caos foi utilizado para a análise da influência do AMD sobre a estrutura. Para o desenvolvimento das equações, foi utilizado a Lei de Lagrange, que analisa as energias atuantes no sistema principal. Os resultados numéricos foram obtidos através da implementação das equações diferenciais no ambiente computacional do MATLAB®.  Tais resultados foram comparados com resultados disponíveis em literaturas e possuem excelentes resultados, confirmando as expectativas

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Teoria de sistemas vibratorios aporticados não-lineares e não-ideais

Orientadores : Jose Manoel Balthazar, João Maurício RosárioTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: Apresenta-se o estudo do comportamento dinâmico não linear de um pórtico plano, excitado por uma fonte não ideal - um motor elétrico de corrente contínua, desbalanceado e de potência limitada. Toma-se, um problema cujo modelo matemático representa um sistema simplificado (com característica do motor em regime estacionário) e completo (considera-se a equação elétrica do motor). Adota-se a formulação Lagrangeana para gerar as equações de movimento, contendo termos não lineares até ordem cúbica. Tomam-se os valores dos parâmetros, tais que se observa à existência de ressonância interna 1 :2. A solução numérica é obtida através da utilização do método de Runge-Kutta com passo variável do programa MATLAB@. Os resultados numéricos e analíticos mostram boa correlação entre si, além de apresentarem alguns dos fenômenos associados, observados, como o efeito Sommerfeld. Outros fenômenos, devidos ao comportamento geometricamente não linear da estrutura, são também detectados, tais como saturação modal, a transferência de energia entre os modos e, além destes, é detectado a autosincronização entre dois motores apoiados em uma estrutura aporticada. A implementação e desempenho da técnica de controle por saturação para a supressão de vibrações de um sistema ideal e não ideal é estudada numericamente via SIMULINK@Abstract: This work concerns the computational and analytical study of the non-linear dynamic behavior of a portal frame, excited by a non-ideal source - an unbalanced direct current electric motor of limited power. A problem whose mathematical model represents a simplified system (the characteristic of the motor in stationary state) and complete (the electric equation of the motor is considered). Lagrange formularization for deducing the equations of motion, up to cubic nonlinear terms is followed. The values of the parameters are chosen to have one-to-two internal Resonance. The numerical solution is obtained through the use of the method of Runge-Kutta with variable step length by MATLAB@. The numerical and analytical results show good correlation, besides presenting some of the phenomena associated, observed, such as the Sommerfeld effect. Other phenomena, due to the geometric non-linear behavior of the structure, are also detected, such as modal saturation and energy transference between the modes. The self-synchronization phenomenon is a1so studied when two DC motors are considered. The implementation and performance of the saturation control for the suppression of vibrations of an ideal and non-ideal system is numerical studied by SIMULINK@DoutoradoMecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto MecanicoDoutor em Engenharia Mecânic

Boletín meteorológico diario: Número 224 - 1980 Agosto 11

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e descrever algumas técnicas de controle que podem ser aplicadas no estudo e simulação das vibrações de estruturas flexíveis como pontes submetidas a. excitações de cargas dinâmicas c de excitações Sísmicas. É prosposto um critério de otimização para as localizações de sensores e atuadores baseados nos conceitos gramanianos de controlabilidade e observabilidade. São investigados os desenhos de sistemas de controle para minimizar a resposta de vibração da ponte sujeita a uma carga dinâmica baseados nos conceitos de controle ótimo. É considerado o controle da resposta dinâmica da estrutura da ponte devido a uma excitação sísmica com o uso de técnicas de controle ótimo instantâneo.The objetive of this work is to describe some control techniques that can be employed for the estudy and simulation of vibrations with flexible structures such as brigdes subject to excitations dueto dinamicalloads and seismic excitations. An optimal criterion for the location of the sensors and actuators, based on the concepts of controllability and obscrvability gramiaus is proposed. The design of control systems for minimizing the response of the vibration of a brigde subject to a dinamicalload is based on optimal control concepts. We consider the control the dynamical response of the brigde structure due to a seismic excitation by using instantaneous optimal control techniques