1,707 research outputs found
Citología cutánea veterinaria
La citología es una herramienta cada vez más utilizada y reconocida en el diagnóstico veterinario, y ha conseguido un sólido asentamiento en muchos países donde se utiliza de forma rutinaria en clínica. Es así porque aporta información que el veterinario demanda de forma rápida, muy deseable a la hora de instaurar tratamiento, sencilla, barata, indolora y muy versátil, ya que todas las células del organismo pueden someterse a estudio. Es por ello básicamente práctica y eficaz. Debido a la cantidad de lesiones que aparecen en la piel y tejido subcutáneo la citología en estas patologías para realizar un primer acercamiento diagnóstico, que puede ser definitivo en ocasiones, y reducir la lista de diagnósticos diferenciales posibles e incluso ahorrar en tiempo, coste y la realización de otras pruebas adicionales. Este artículo va dirigido al estudio de la citología cutánea, considerando la correcta obtención de muestras, la población celular que podemos encontrar y los procesos más frecuentemente implicados
Beneficial and Negative Impacts on Soil by the Reuse of Treated/Untreated Municipal Wastewater for Agricultural Irrigation – A Review of the Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
A systematic review of the Trypanosoma cruzi genetic heterogeneity, host immune response and genetic factors as plausible drivers of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy
Chagas disease is a complex tropical pathology caused by the kinetoplastid Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite displays massive genetic diversity and has been classified by international consensus in at least six Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) that are broadly distributed in the American continent. The main clinical manifestation of the disease is the chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) that is lethal in the infected individuals. However, one intriguing feature is that only 30-40% of the infected individuals will develop CCC. Some authors have suggested that the immune response, host genetic factors, virulence factors and even the massive genetic heterogeneity of T. cruzi are responsible of this clinical pattern. To date, no conclusive data support the reason why a few percentages of the infected individuals will develop CCC. Therefore, we decided to conduct a systematic review analysing the host genetic factors, immune response, cytokine production, virulence factors and the plausible association of the parasite DTUs and CCC. The epidemiological and clinical implications are herein discussed. © Cambridge University Press 2018
Sobre la distribución de Riella Helicophylla (Bory et Mont.) Mont en la Península Ibérica
Nueva localidad española de Riella helicophylla (Bory et Mont.) Mont. y mapa de distribución de la especie en la Peninsula Ibérica.A new record of Riella helicophylla from Spain and distributional map in the Iberian Peninsul
The Selection of Anthropogenic Habitat by Wildlife as an Ecological Consequence of Rural Exodus: Empirical Examples From Spain
[Abstract] The increasing urbanization of the landscape is a major component of global change worldwide. However, it is puzzling that wildlife is selecting anthropogenic habitats despite the availability of apparently high–quality semi–natural (i.e. less intensively modified) habitats. Definitive explanations for this process are still lacking. We have previously suggested that colonization of the urban habitat is initially triggered by ecological processes that take place outside urban areas as a consequence of past rural exodus. Here we present a diverse array of examples of selection of several types of anthropogenic habitat by wildlife in Spain (including transportation infrastructure, human–exclusion areas, urban areas under construction, cities, reservoirs, quarries and landfills) in support of this idea. Wildlife is moving out of its historical ecological refuges and losing fear of harmless urban humans. Mesopredators are rebounding by mesopredator release, due to ceased human persecution, and shrubs and trees are claiming former agricultural habitats. Together, these factors force many species to move to urbanized areas where they find open habitats, food associated with these habitats, and protection against predation. Hence, the classical balance of costs and benefits that takes place once inside urban areas, would actually be a second step of the process of colonization of urban areas. A better understanding of the initial triggers of urban colonization could help us increase the biological value of human–made habitats for wildlife in the future.[Resumen] La fauna silvestre selecciona hábitats antropógenos como consecuencia ecológica del éxodo rural: ejemplos empíricos de España
Uno de los principales componentes del cambio global en todo el mundo es el aumento de la urbanización del territorio. Sin embargo, es desconcertante que la fauna silvestre seleccione hábitats antropógenos a pesar de que existan hábitats seminaturales (modificados con menor intensidad) aparentemente de buena calidad. Todavía no existe una explicación definitiva para este proceso. Se ha sugerido con anterioridad que la colonización de los hábitats urbanos se produce en una primera fase a causa de procesos ecológicos que tienen lugar fuera de las zonas urbanas, como consecuencia del éxodo rural del pasado. Para respaldar esta idea, en este estudio presentamos una serie de ejemplos en los que diversas especies de fauna silvestre de España seleccionan varios tipos de hábitats antropogénicos (infraestructuras de transporte, zonas de acceso restringido, zonas urbanas en construcción, ciudades, embalses, canteras y vertederos) por razones asociadas al despoblamiento del rural. La fauna silvestre está saliendo de sus refugios ecológicos y está perdiendo el miedo a los humanos inofensivos de las zonas urbanas. Los mesodepredadores están repuntando debido a la liberación del mesodepredador y al cese de la persecución humana, y la vegetación espontánea está volviendo a colonizar los antiguos hábitats agrícolas. Estos factores obligan a muchas especies a desplazarse a zonas urbanas donde encuentran hábitats abiertos, alimento asociado a estos hábitats y protección contra la depredación. Por consiguiente, el balance de costes y beneficios en el seno de las zonas urbanas, sería en realidad un segundo componente del proceso. Entender mejor los factores iniciales que desencadenan la colonización del medio urbano podría ayudarnos a dar más valor biológico para la fauna silvestre a los hábitats creados por los seres humanos.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2018/5
Comparative genomic analysis uncovers 3 novel loci encoding type six secretion systems differentially distributed in Salmonella serotypes
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The recently described Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) represents a new paradigm of protein secretion in bacteria. A number of bioinformatic studies have been conducted to identify T6SS gene clusters in the available bacterial genome sequences. According to these studies, <it>Salmonella </it>harbors a unique T6SS encoded in the <it>Salmonella </it>Pathogenicity Island 6 (SPI-6). Since these studies only considered few <it>Salmonella </it>genomes, the present work aimed to identify novel T6SS loci by <it>in silico </it>analysis of every genome sequence of <it>Salmonella </it>available.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The analysis of sequencing data from 44 completed or in progress <it>Salmonella </it>genome projects allowed the identification of 3 novel T6SS loci. These clusters are located in differentially-distributed genomic islands we designated SPI-19, SPI-20 and SPI-21, respectively. SPI-19 was identified in a subset of <it>S. enterica </it>serotypes including Dublin, Weltevreden, Agona, Gallinarum and Enteritidis. In the later, an internal deletion eliminated most of the island. On the other hand, SPI-20 and SPI-21 were restricted to <it>S. enterica </it>subspecies <it>arizonae </it>(IIIa) serotype 62:z4,z23:-. Remarkably, SPI-21 encodes a VgrG protein containing a C-terminal extension similar to S-type pyocins of <it>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</it>. This is not only the first evolved VgrG described in <it>Salmonella</it>, but also the first evolved VgrG including a pyocin domain described so far in the literature. In addition, the data indicate that SPI-6 T6SS is widely distributed in <it>S. enterica </it>and absent in serotypes Enteritidis, Gallinarum, Agona, Javiana, Paratyphi B, Virchow, IIIa 62:z4,z23:- and IIIb 61:1,v:1,5,(7). Interestingly, while some serotypes harbor multiple T6SS (Dublin, Weltvreden and IIIa 62:z4,z23:-) others do not encode for any (Enteritidis, Paratyphi B, Javiana, Virchow and IIIb 61:1,v:1,5,(7)). Comparative and phylogenetic analyses indicate that the 4 T6SS loci in <it>Salmonella </it>have a distinct evolutionary history. Finally, we identified an orphan Hcp-like protein containing the Hcp/COG3157 domain linked to a C-terminal extension. We propose to designate this and related proteins as "evolved Hcps".</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Altogether, our data suggest that (i) the <it>Salmonella </it>T6SS loci were acquired by independent lateral transfer events and (ii) evolved to contribute in the adaptation of the serotypes to different lifestyles and environments, including animal hosts. Notably, the presence of an evolved VgrG protein related to pyocins suggests a novel role for T6SS in bacterial killing. Future studies on the roles of the identified T6SS loci will expand our knowledge on <it>Salmonella </it>pathogenesis and host specificity.</p
Autophagic Proteome in Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains During Second Fermentation for Sparkling Wine Elaboration
A correlation between autophagy and autolysis has been proposed in order to accelerate the acquisition of wine organoleptic properties during sparkling wine elaboration. In this context, a proteomic analysis was carried out in two industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (P29, conventional sparkling wine strain and G1, implicated in sherry wine elaboration) with the aim of studying the autophagy-related proteome and comparing the effect of CO2 overpressure during sparkling wine elaboration. In general, a detrimental effect of pressure and second fermentation development on autophagy-related proteome was observed in both strains, although it was more pronounced in flor yeast strain G1. Proteins mainly involved in autophagy regulation and autophagosome formation in flor yeast G1, and those required for vesicle nucleation and expansion in P29 strain, highlighted in sealed bottle. Proteins Sec2 and Sec18 were detected 3-fold under pressure conditions in P29 and G1 strains, respectively. Moreover, ‘fingerprinting’ obtained from multivariate data analysis established differences in autophagy-related proteome between strains and conditions. Further research is needed to achieve more solid conclusions and design strategies to promote autophagy for an accelerated autolysis, thus reducing cost and time production, as well as acquisition of good organoleptic properties
Veinticinco años (1986-2011) de monitorización de varamientos de mamíferos marinos en el litoral de Doñana (Huelva, SO España)
Peer reviewe
Full wave modelling of hts dual mode patch filters and staggered coupled-line filters
In order to obtain high-power handling, dual-mode patch HTS filters have been analyzed through Green's function and desegmentation techniques. A precise circuit model has been obtained and applied to the filter design process, and useful design curves relating filter parameters and physical dimensions of the square patch have been plotted. Several designs have been made using them and then optimized with the Method of Moments in the Spectral Domain. For higher order circuits, staggered coupled-line HTS filters have been considered. The designs have been made using the method of moments to compute the coupling capacitances, and then optimized with the Method of Moments in the Spectral Domain. One dual-mode patch filter and one staggered coupled-line filter have been fabricated on a YBCO film. Measurements agree well with simulationsPeer Reviewe
- …