New constraints on the closure of the Betic Seaway and the western Mediterranean palaeoclimate during the Messinian Salinity Crisis from the Campo Coy Basin (SE Spain)

The Campo Coy Basin (SE Spain) exposes >1 km of sedimentary succession with a variety of rocks including a thick evaporitic succession previously associated with the Messinian time. These evaporites were supposedly deposited in a restricted Mediterranean-Atlantic seaway connecting the Lorca and Guadix-Baza basins, although no chronological or geochemical data existed. Here we use palaeomagnetism together with vertebrate and foraminifera biostratigraphy to constrain the age of the Campo Coy succession between <9 Ma and 4.7 Ma. We use geochemistry (δ34S, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values) of the gypsum deposits to evaluate their marine or continental origin. In addition, we describe the underlying and overlying lithostratigraphic units to reconstruct the palaeogeographic evolution of this region. Our results show that the sediments were deposited in a continental environment, indicating that the Betic Seaway was already closed in this region during the late Tortonian and that the neighbouring marine basins of Guadix-Baza and Lorca were disconnected during that time. The δ34S, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values of the gypsum indicate recycling from the Triassic sulphates. Sedimentary facies of the evaporites point to an environment dominated by a saline lake with continental sabkha episodes developed during the driest periods. Well-defined and laterally continuous evaporitic cyclicity suggests an orbital forcing and high sedimentation rates preceding the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). Alluvial deposits are contemporaneous with the MSC indicating a dry continental environment in this region during the Mediterranean restriction. Overlaying lacustrine carbonates are rich in small vertebrate fauna including African species that migrated to Europe during the MSC. These carbonates have low δ18O and δ13C values characteristic for freshwater input in an open lake just after the Zanclean flood, suggesting that a wet climate followed the MSC.Funding was provided by the grants CGL-2016-79458 and PID2020-118999GB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN)/ State Research agency of Spain (AEI)/10.13039/501100011033, and by the Catalonian Government Actions 21-SGR-829 and PGC2018-094122-B-100

The Messinian stromatolites of the Sierra del Colmenar (Western Mediterranean): facies characterization and sedimentological interpretation

A representative outcrop of the Messinian stromatolites belonging to the Terminal Carbonate Complex unit, from the northern sector of the Bajo Segura basin (Caja de Ahorros del Mediterraneo section, Sierra del Colmenar, SE Spain) has been studied. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the architecture, external morphology, and internal morphology in order to reconstruct the environmental and palaeoecological conditions for their growth. The stromatolites macrostructure consists of a continuously doming type morphology (build up and sheets areas). These developed close to the coast and acted as a palaeogeographic barrier, reducing physical stress, channeling the erosive effect of water and favoring restricted conditions. This stromatolitic macrostructure exhibits variations in its internal morphology, giving rise to seven subfacies, which are a product of the environmental changes experienced during the growth of the microbial mats. Although broadly suggesting a coastal environment, restricted and shallow during formation, the variation in internal morphology (mesostructure and microstructure) is evidence of minor changes in the physical environment that indicate a progressive shallowing.This work was supported by project GRE14-05 (University of Alicante, Spain)

Design of Magnetic Coordination Polymers Built from Polyoxalamide Ligands: A Thirty Year Story

International audienceThe aim of this review is to pay tribute to the legacy of O. Kahn. Kahn's credo was to synthesize magnetic compounds with predictable structure and magnetic properties. This is illustrated herein with results obtained by Kahn's group during his Orsay period thirty years ago, but also on the basis of our recent results on the synthesis of coordination polymers with oxamate ligands. The first part of this review is devoted to a short description of the necessary knowledge in physics and theoretical chemistry that Kahn and his group have used to select oxamate ligands, the complex‐as‐ligand strategy and the synthesis of heterobimetallic systems. Then, we describe the strategies we have later used to obtain the desired target compounds. The use of complexes as building‐blocks, associated to a control of the metal ions chirality and stoichiometry, allowed us to obtain coordination polymers with predictable dimensionality. For the synthesis of single‐chain magnets (SCMs) we show that the ligand chemical flexibility makes the isolation of the chains in the solid and the occurence of slow magnetic relaxation possible. For 1D and 2D molecule‐based magnets (MBMs), the magnetic ordering strongly depends on the interchain or interplane interactions, which are difficult to control. Again the flexibility of the oxamate ligands allowed their strengthening in the solid sate, yielding MBMs with critical temperatures up to 30 K. We will also present our results on 3D coordination polymers, particularly on the porous magnets displaying large octagonal channels. This family of porous MBMs possess outstanding chemical properties, such as post‐synthetic transformation in the solid state. Finally, we will also show that oxamate ligands allows the design of multifunctional materials, as in the case of the first chiral SCM. Overall, the results presented in this review show the impressive potential the oxamate ligands have for the design of coordination polymers

Turbidity and Secchi disc depth with Sentinel-2 in different trophic status reservoirs at the Comunidad Valenciana

[ES] En los estudios de calidad de aguas por teledetección, uno de los principales indicadores es la transparencia o turbidez del agua. La transparencia puede ser medida in situ mediante la profundidad del disco de Secchi (SD), y la turbidez con un turbidímetro. En las últimas décadas se han utilizado diferentes relaciones entre bandas de diferentes sensores obtenidas por teledetección para la estimación de estos parámetros. En este trabajo, a partir de datos de campo obtenidos a lo largo de 2017 y 2018 en embalses de la cuenca del Júcar con gran variedad de estados tróficos, se han calibrado diferentes índices y bandas para poder estimar la transparencia a partir de imágenes Sentinel-2 (S2). A las imágenes S2 nivel L1C tomadas en el mismo día que los datos de campo, se les han aplicado tres métodos de corrección atmosférica desarrollados para aguas: Polymer, C2RCC y C2X. A partir de los espectros de S2 obtenidos y de los datos de campo de SD se ha observado que el menor error se obtiene con las imágenes corregidas con Polymer y un ajuste potencial del cociente de reflectividades en las bandas azul y verde (R490/R560), que permiten la estimación de SD con un error relativo del 13%. También el método C2X presenta buen ajuste con el mismo cociente de bandas, aunque un error mayor, presentando la corrección C2RCC la peor correlación. Se ha obtenido también la relación entre SD (en m) y turbidez (en NTU), lo que proporciona un método operativo para la estimación de la turbidez con S2. Se muestra, además, la relación para los diferentes embalses entre el SD y la concentración de clorofila-a, sólidos en suspensión y materia orgánica disuelta.[EN] Transparency or turbidity is one of the main indicators in studies of water quality using remote sensing. Transparency can be measured in situ through the Secchi disc depth (SD), and turbidity using a turbidimeter. In recent decades, different relationships between bands from different remote sensing sensors have been used for the estimation of these variables. In this paper, several indices and spectral bands have been calibrated in order to estimate transparency from Sentinel-2 (S2) images from field data, obtained throughout 2017 and 2018 in Júcar basin reservoirs with a great variety of trophic states. Three atmospheric correction methods developed for waters have been applied to the S2 level L1C images taken at the same day as the field data: Polymer, C2RCC and C2X. From the spectra obtained from S2 and the SD field data, it has been found that the smallest error is obtained with the images atmospherically corrected with Polymer and a potential adjustment of the reflectivities’ ratio of the blue and green bands (R490/R560), which allow the estimation of SD with a relative error of 13%. Also the C2X method presents good adjustment with the same bands ratio, although with a greater error, while the correction C2RCC shows the worst correlation. The relationship between SD (in m) and turbidity (in NTU) has also been obtained, which provides an operational method for estimating turbidity with S2. The relationship for the different reservoirs between SD and chlorophyll-a concentration, suspended solids and dissolved organic matter, is also shownEste trabajo ha sido posible gracias al Proyecto ESAQS del Programa Prometeo para grupos de investigación de excelencia de la Conselleria d’Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport (GVPROMETEO2016-132) de la Generalitat Valenciana.Delegido, J.; Urrego, P.; Vicente, E.; Sòria-Perpinyà, X.; Soria, J.; Pereira-Sandoval, M.; Ruiz-Verdú, A.... (2019). Turbidez y profundidad de disco de Secchi con Sentinel-2 en embalses con diferente estado trófico en la Comunidad Valenciana. 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Monitoring the properties of natural organic matter through UV spectroscopy: A consistent theory. Water Research, 31, 1787-1795. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00006-7Kratzer, S., Brockmann, C., Moore, G. 2008. Using MERIS full resolution data to monitor coastal waters - A case study from Himmerfjärden, a fjordlike bay in the northwestern Baltic Sea. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(5), 2284-2300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.10.006Lee, Z., Shang, S., Hu, C., Du, K., Weidemann, A., Hou, W., Lin, J., Lin, G. 2016. Secchi disk depth: a new theory and mechanistic model for underwater visibility. Remote Sens. Environ., 169, 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.08.002Matthews, M.W. 2011. A current review of empirical procedures of remote sensing in inland and near-coastal transitional waters. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 32(21), 6855-6899. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.512947Mosquera, A., Torres, J.M., González-Vilas, L., Martínez-Iglesias, G., Pazos, Y. 2006. Estudio de una floración tóxica de Pseudonitzschias sp. en las costas de Galicia usando una imagen MERIS y datos in situ. Revista de Teledetección, 25, 75-79. Disponible en: http://www.aet.org.es/revistas/revista25/AET25- 15.pdf. Último acceso: Diciembre de 2019.Mueller, J. L. 2000. SeaWiFS algorithm for the diffuse attenuation coefficient, K (490), using water-leaving radiances at 490 and 555 nm. SeaWiFS Postlaunch Calibration and Validation Analyses, part 3, edited by S. B. Hooker, pp. 24-27, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.Page, B., Kumar, A., Mishra, D. 2018. A novel crosssatellite based assessment of the spatio-temporal development of a cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 66, 68-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.003Page, B., Olmanson, L., Mishra, D. 2019. A harmonized image processing workflow using Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat-8/OLI for mapping water clarity in optically variable lake systems. Remote Sens. Environ., 231, 111284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111284Pahlevan, N., Chittimalli, S., Balasubramanian, S., Vellucci, V. 2019. Sentinel2/Landsat8 product consistency and implications for monitoring aquatic systems. Remote Sens. Environ., 220, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.10.027Pereira-Sandoval, M., Ruescas, A.B., Urrego, P., Delegido, J., Ruiz-Verdú, A, Tenjo, C., SoriaPerpinyà, X., Vicente, E, Soria, J., Peña, R., Moreno, J. 2018. Evaluación de métodos de corrección atmosférica sobre imágenes Sentinel2-MSI en aguas continentales. XVIII Simposio Internacional SELPER y Sistemas de Información Espacial, Noviembre de 2018, La Habana, Cuba.Pereira-Sandoval, M., Urrego, P., Ruiz-Verdú, A., Tenjo, C., Delegido, J., Soria-Perpinyà, X., Vicente, E., Soria, J., Moreno, J. 2019a. Calibration and validation of algorithms for the estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration and Secchi depth in inland waters with Sentinel-2. Limnetica, 38(1), 471- 487. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8517371Pereira-Sandoval, M., Ruescas, A., Urrego, P., RuizVerdú, A., Delegido, J., Tenjo, C, Soria-Perpinyà, X., Vicente, E., Soria, J., Moreno, J. 2019b. Evaluation of Atmospheric Correction Algorithms over Spanish Inland Waters for Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Imagery Data. Remote Sensing, 11, 1469. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121469Shoaf, W.T., Lium, B.W. 1976. Improved extraction of chlorophyll a and b from algae using dimethyl sulphoxide. Limnol. Oceanogr., 21, 926-928. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1976.21.6.0926Soria, X., Vicente, E., Durán, C., Soria, J.M., Peña, R. 2017. Uso de imágenes Landsat-8 para la estimación de la profundidad del disco de Secchi en aguas continentales. XVII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Teledetección. pp. 293-296. Murcia 3-7 octubre 2017.Sòria-Perpinyà, X., Urrego, P., Pereira-Sandoval, M., Ruiz-Verdú, A., Peña, R., Soria, J.M., Delegido, J., Vicente, E., Moreno, J. 2019. Monitoring the ecological state of a hypertrophic lake (Albufera of València, Spain) using multitemporal Sentinel-2 images. Limnetica, 38(1), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.23818/limn.38.26Steinmetz, F., Deschamps, P.Y., Ramon, D. 2011. Atmospheric correction in presence of sun glint: Application to MERIS. Optics Express, 19(10), 9783-800. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.009783Toming, K., Kutser, T., Laas, A., Sepp, M., Paavel, B., Nõges, T. 2016. 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Cooperative games and physical activities workshop

Talleres[ES] El objetivo de este taller es conocer y analizar las diferencias entre los conceptos de: “actividad física cooperativa” y “juego cooperativo”. Para ello se ha organizado el taller en dos partes: en la primera se realizará una sesión práctica, en la que vivenciar las características de ambos tipos de situación motriz; en la segunda parte se realizará una puesta en común entre todos los participantes, para analizar lo vivido y dejar claras las características propias de cada uno de los tipos de situación motriz practicado, reflexionando sobre sus posibilidades educativas y las alternativas para enriquecerlas desde una perspectiva pedagógica

OBESIDAD Y TEJIDO ADIPOSO

La etiología de la Obesidad es multifactorial, se contempla actualmente como una enfermedad crónica que afecta a todos los grupos poblacionales y está ligada a las principales causas de enfermedades crónicodegenerativas. Se ha comprobado que surge de un exceso en la ingesta calóriaca contra un  escaso gasto  energético  propiciado por el sedentarismo y la sobrealimentación, situaciones que promueven la  formación de tejido adiposo. Hoy en día se define al tejido adiposo como una  glándula de secreción interna que sirve como reservorio de energía  y participa activamente en el equilibrio metabólico. El tejido adiposo constituye, en cantidad, el mayor órgano de la economía corporal, el cual tiene un potencial de crecimiento ilimitado a cualquier edad.  Abstract The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, currently it is viewed as a chronic disease that affects all poblational groups and it is tied to the main causes of chronic o degenerative diseases.  It is well documented that it arises from an excess in caloric intake against a scare energetic output, caused by sedentarism and overeating, both situations promote adipose tissue formation.Nowaday adipose tissue is defined as an internal secretory gland that acts as an energy reservoir and it actively participates in the metabolic balance. Adipose tissue constitutes, from a quantity, standpoint the biggest organ in the body economy and it has the potential for unlimited growth at any age. Palabras clave: Obesidad; tejido adiposo, adipocito

In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) Against Contemporary Blood Isolates From Medically Relevant Species of Candida: A European Study

BackgroundIbrexafungerp (SCY-078) is the newest oral and intravenous antifungal drug with broad activity, currently undergoing clinical trials for invasive candidiasis. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the in vitro activity of ibrexafungerp and comparators against a collection of 434 European blood isolates of Candida. MethodsIbrexafungerp, caspofungin, fluconazole, and micafungin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were collected from 12 European laboratories for 434 blood isolates, including 163 Candida albicans, 108 Candida parapsilosis, 60 Candida glabrata, 40 Candida tropicalis, 29 Candida krusei, 20 Candida orthopsilosis, 6 Candida guilliermondii, 2 Candida famata, 2 Candida lusitaniae, and 1 isolate each of Candida bracarensis, Candida catenulata, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida kefyr. MICs were determined by the EUCAST broth microdilution method, and isolates were classified according to recommended clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoffs. Additionally, 22 Candida auris from different clinical specimens were evaluated. ResultsIbrexafungerp MICs ranged from 0.016 to >= 8 mg/L. The lowest ibrexafungerp MICs were observed for C. albicans (geometric MIC 0.062 mg/L, MIC range 0.016-0.5 mg/L) and the highest ibrexafungerp MICs were observed for C. tropicalis (geometric MIC 0.517 mg/L, MIC range 0.06->= 8 mg/L). Modal MICs/MIC(50)s (mg/L) against Candida spp. were 0.125/0.06 for C. albicans, 0.5/0.5 for C. parapsilosis, 0.25/0.25 for C. glabrata, 0.5/0.5 for C. tropicalis, 1/1 for C. krusei, 4/2 for C. orthopsilosis, and 0.5/0.5 for C. auris. Ibrexafungerp showed activity against fluconazole- and echinocandin-resistant isolates. If adopting wild-type upper limits, a non-wild-type phenotype for ibrexafungerp was only observed for 16/434 (3.7%) isolates: 11 (4.6%) C. parapsilosis, 4 (5%) C. glabrata, and 1 (2.5%) C. tropicalis. ConclusionIbrexafungerp showed a potent in vitro activity against Candida.This study received funding from SCYNEXIS. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of the article, or the decision to submit it for publication. CM-A is a recipient of a grant from Fundació n ONCE (Oportunidad al Talento). EE, AG, NJ, CM-A, and GQ have received grant support from Consejerı́a de Educación, Universidades e Investigación del Gobierno Vasco (GIC15 IT-990-16), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Gobierno de España (FIS PI11/00203), and UPV/EHU (UFI 11/25). All authors declare no other competing interests

Does Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods Matter for Liver Health? Prospective Analysis among Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of liver alterations that can result in severe disease and even death. Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been associated with obesity and related comorbidities. However, the link between UPF and NAFLD has not been sufficiently assessed. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between UPF consumption and liver health biomarkers. Methods: We followed for 1 year 5867 older participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A validated 143-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate consumption of UPF at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The degree of processing for foods and beverages (g/day) was established according to the NOVA classification system. The non-invasive fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) were used to evaluate liver health at three points in time. The associations between changes in UPF consumption (percentage of total daily dietary intake (g)) and liver biomarkers were assessed using mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements. Results: In this cohort, UPF consumption at baseline was 8.19% (SD 6.95%) of total daily dietary intake in grams. In multivariable models, each 10% daily increment in UPF consumption in 1 year was associated with significantly greater FLI (β 1.60 points, 95% CI 1.24;1.96 points) and HSI (0.43, 0.29; 0.57) scores (all p-values < 0.001). These associations persisted statistically significant after adjusting for potential dietary confounders and NAFLD risk factors. Conclusions: A higher UPF consumption was associated with higher levels of NAFLD-related biomarkers in older adults with overweight/obesity and MetS

Early Pliocene continental vertebrate Fauna at Puerto de la Cadena (SE Spain) and its bearing on the marine-continental correlation of the Late Neogene of Eastern Betics

In this paper, we synthesize sedimentological, magnetostratigraphic and paleontological data from the continental vertebrate site of Puerto de la Cadena (Murcia, SE Spain), in order to clarify its age. The study site is located on the northern edge of the Carrascoy mountain range, in the upper part of the Cigarrón Unit. The end-Messinian discontinuity has been detected at the base of this unit, which indicates it has an early Pliocene age. Abundant remains of small and large vertebrates, including rodents, lagomorphs, primates, carnivorans, perissodactyls, artiodactyls, proboscideans, testudines, squamats, and crocodiles, have been found in this area. Some of these elements are of African origin, such as Debruijnimys sp., Macaca sp., and Sivatherium cf. hendeyi, and their presence is related to the Messinian Salinity Crisis. In addition, remains found at this site verify the persistence of Crocodylia in the European record beyond the late Miocene. The association includes typical elements of the early Ruscinian terrestrial record (MN14), like Apocricetus cf. barrierei, Sivatherium, Gazella aff. baturra, and Hipparion fissurae. The Puerto de la Cadena site is located in a reversed geomagnetic chron that has been correlated with C3n.3r (from 4.997 to 4.896 Ma). According to this correlation, the MN13/MN14 boundary has a minimum age of 4.9 Ma.This manuscript is the result of the excavations carried out annually under the research project 11891/PHCS/09, funded by the Fundación Séneca - Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia. We would also like to thank the inestimable collaboration of the Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado in Murcia (Ministerio de Fomento), and the Dirección General de Bienes Culturales of the Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia. This research has also been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2016-80000-P; CGL2015-68333-P; CGL2016-76431-P; FPDI-2013-18986), the Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA Program, 2014 SGR 901 and 2014 SGR 416 GRC), and University of the Basque Country/EHU (GIU15/34). P.P. is supported by an FPU Predoctoral Fellowship (FPU12/02668) with the financial sponsorship of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Spain