46 research outputs found
Relationships between circadian rhythms, timing of eating behaviors, and the human gastrointestinal microbiota
In the obesity-prone environment in which we live, no avenue for potentially health-promoting intervention should be ignored. One such avenue that has gained recent attention is the modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Microbiota interventions have come into the spotlight because of the proposed relationships between the microbial communityâs composition, function, and human health. One of the most common strategies for modulating the microbial community for potential health benefit is by dietary modifications, although antibiotics, microbial transplant, probiotics, and even exercise can also impact the gastrointestinal microbiome. With the emergence of evidence that timing of eating can impact health, it follows that the connection of eating behaviors to the gastrointestinal microbiota should be explored further. The objective of this research was to assess the links between circadian rhythms, timing of eating, and the human gastrointestinal microbiota. To accomplish this goal, a thorough review of the current literature was first conducted. Second, a cross-section of healthy, adult subjects was examined to determine the relative abundances of bacterial genera and concentrations of bacterial metabolites in fecal samples collected throughout the day. These variables were additionally assessed in relation to the subjectsâ eating habits, including eating frequency, consumption of energy earlier in the day, and overnight fast duration. This study found strong evidence in the existing literature for the impact of circadian rhythms and eating behaviors on the gastrointestinal microbiota and health. Additionally, this work presents the results of a large, cross-sectional clinical study which found an association between time of day, microbiota composition and function, and eating behaviors. The results presented herein propose that this connection not only exists, but also could hold relevance for human health, with application to health-promoting interventions
Locally Contingent and Community-Dependent: Tools and Technologies for Indigenous Language Mobilization
2021. Jennifer Carpenter, Annie Guerin, Michelle Kaczmarek, Gerry Lawson, Kim Lawson, Lisa P. Nathan and Mark Turin. âLocally Contingent and Community-Dependent: Tools and Technologies for Indigenous Language Mobilization.â In Indigenous Languages and the Promise of Archives, edited by Adrianna Link, Abigail Shelton, and Patrick Spero, 125â55. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
Digital access for language and culture in First Nations communities
Digital access for language and culture in First Nations communitie
Evaluation of polygenic risk scores for breast and ovarian cancer risk prediction in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 94 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer (BC) risk and 18 associated with ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Several of these are also associated with risk of BC or OC for women who carry a pathogenic mutation in the high-risk BC and OC genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. The combined effects of these variants on BC or OC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers have not yet been assessed while their clinical management could benefit from improved personalized risk estimates.
Methods: We constructed polygenic risk scores (PRS) using BC and OC susceptibility SNPs identified through population-based GWAS: for BC (overall, estrogen receptor [ER]-positive, and ER-negative) and for OC. Using data from 15 252 female BRCA1 and 8211 BRCA2 carriers, the association of each PRS with BC or OC risk was evaluated using a weighted cohort approach, with time to diagnosis as the outcome and estimation of the hazard ratios (HRs) per standard deviation increase in the PRS.
Results: The PRS for ER-negative BC displayed the strongest association with BC risk in BRCA1 carriers (HR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23 to 1.31, P = 8.2 x 10(53)). In BRCA2 carriers, the strongest association with BC risk was seen for the overall BC PRS (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.28, P = 7.2 x 10(-20)). The OC PRS was strongly associated with OC risk for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. These translate to differences in absolute risks (more than 10% in each case) between the top and bottom deciles of the PRS distribution; for example, the OC risk was 6% by age 80 years for BRCA2 carriers at the 10th percentile of the OC PRS compared with 19% risk for those at the 90th percentile of PRS.
Conclusions: BC and OC PRS are predictive of cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. Incorporation of the PRS into risk prediction models has promise to better inform decisions on cancer risk management
A physical map of Brassica oleracea shows complexity of chromosomal changes following recursive paleopolyploidizations
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Evolution of the Brassica species has been recursively affected by polyploidy events, and comparison to their relative, <it>Arabidopsis thaliana</it>, provides means to explore their genomic complexity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A genome-wide physical map of a rapid-cycling strain of <it>B. oleracea </it>was constructed by integrating high-information-content fingerprinting (HICF) of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones with hybridization to sequence-tagged probes. Using 2907 contigs of two or more BACs, we performed several lines of comparative genomic analysis. Interspecific DNA synteny is much better preserved in euchromatin than heterochromatin, showing the qualitative difference in evolution of these respective genomic domains. About 67% of contigs can be aligned to the Arabidopsis genome, with 96.5% corresponding to euchromatic regions, and 3.5% (shown to contain repetitive sequences) to pericentromeric regions. Overgo probe hybridization data showed that contigs aligned to Arabidopsis euchromatin contain ~80% of low-copy-number genes, while genes with high copy number are much more frequently associated with pericentromeric regions. We identified 39 interchromosomal breakpoints during the diversification of <it>B. oleracea </it>and <it>Arabidopsis thaliana</it>, a relatively high level of genomic change since their divergence. Comparison of the <it>B. oleracea </it>physical map with Arabidopsis and other available eudicot genomes showed appreciable 'shadowing' produced by more ancient polyploidies, resulting in a web of relatedness among contigs which increased genomic complexity.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A high-resolution genetically-anchored physical map sheds light on Brassica genome organization and advances positional cloning of specific genes, and may help to validate genome sequence assembly and alignment to chromosomes.</p> <p>All the physical mapping data is freely shared at a WebFPC site (<url>http://lulu.pgml.uga.edu/fpc/WebAGCoL/brassica/WebFPC/</url>; Temporarily password-protected: account: pgml; password: 123qwe123.</p
Mutational spectrum in a worldwide study of 29,700 families with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.
The prevalence and spectrum of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been reported in single populations, with the majority of reports focused on White in Europe and North America. The Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) has assembled data on 18,435 families with BRCA1 mutations and 11,351 families with BRCA2 mutations ascertained from 69 centers in 49 countries on six continents. This study comprehensively describes the characteristics of the 1,650 unique BRCA1 and 1,731 unique BRCA2 deleterious (disease-associated) mutations identified in the CIMBA database. We observed substantial variation in mutation type and frequency by geographical region and race/ethnicity. In addition to known founder mutations, mutations of relatively high frequency were identified in specific racial/ethnic or geographic groups that may reflect founder mutations and which could be used in targeted (panel) first pass genotyping for specific populations. Knowledge of the population-specific mutational spectrum in BRCA1 and BRCA2 could inform efficient strategies for genetic testing and may justify a more broad-based oncogenetic testing in some populations
Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Subtypes
Stratification of women according to their risk of breast cancer based on polygenic risk scores (PRSs) could improve screening and prevention strategies. Our aim was to develop PRSs, optimized for prediction of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific disease, from the largest available genome-wide association dataset and to empirically validate the PRSs in prospective studies. The development dataset comprised 94,075 case subjects and 75,017 control subjects of European ancestry from 69 studies, divided into training and validation sets. Samples were genotyped using genome-wide arrays, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by stepwise regression or lasso penalized regression. The best performing PRSs were validated in an independent test set comprising 11,428 case subjects and 18,323 control subjects from 10 prospective studies and 190,040 women from UK Biobank (3,215 incident breast cancers). For the best PRSs (313 SNPs), the odds ratio for overall disease per 1 standard deviation in ten prospective studies was 1.61 (95%CI: 1.57-1.65) with area under receiver-operator curve (AUC) = 0.630 (95%CI: 0.628-0.651). The lifetime risk of overall breast cancer in the top centile of the PRSs was 32.6%. Compared with women in the middle quintile, those in the highest 1% of risk had 4.37- and 2.78-fold risks, and those in the lowest 1% of risk had 0.16- and 0.27-fold risks, of developing ER-positive and ER-negative disease, respectively. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that this PRS was well calibrated and predicts disease risk accurately in the tails of the distribution. This PRS is a powerful and reliable predictor of breast cancer risk that may improve breast cancer prevention programs.NovartisEli Lilly and CompanyAstraZenecaAbbViePfizer UKCelgeneEisaiGenentechMerck Sharp and DohmeRocheCancer Research UKGovernment of CanadaArray BioPharmaGenome CanadaNational Institutes of HealthEuropean CommissionMinistĂšre de l'Ăconomie, de lâInnovation et des Exportations du QuĂ©becSeventh Framework ProgrammeCanadian Institutes of Health Researc
Human Practice. Digital Ecologies. Our Future. : 14. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2019) : Tagungsband
Erschienen bei: universi - UniversitÀtsverlag Siegen. - ISBN: 978-3-96182-063-4Aus dem Inhalt:
Track 1: Produktion & Cyber-Physische Systeme
Requirements and a Meta Model for Exchanging Additive Manufacturing Capacities
Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber- Physical SystemsâWhatâs the difference? Towards a Unified Terminology
Developing an Industrial IoT Platform â Trade-off between Horizontal and Vertical Approaches
Machine Learning und Complex Event Processing: Effiziente Echtzeitauswertung am Beispiel Smart Factory
Sensor retrofit for a coffee machine as condition monitoring and predictive maintenance use case
Stakeholder-Analyse zum Einsatz IIoT-basierter Frischeinformationen in der Lebensmittelindustrie
Towards a Framework for Predictive Maintenance Strategies in Mechanical Engineering - A Method-Oriented Literature Analysis
Development of a matching platform for the requirement-oriented selection of cyber physical systems for SMEs
Track 2: Logistic Analytics
An Empirical Study of Customersâ Behavioral Intention to Use Ridepooling Services â An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model
Modeling Delay Propagation and Transmission in Railway Networks
What is the impact of company specific adjustments on the acceptance and diffusion of logistic standards?
Robust Route Planning in Intermodal Urban Traffic
Track 3: Unternehmensmodellierung & Informationssystemgestaltung (Enterprise Modelling & Information Systems Design)
Work System Modeling Method with Different Levels of Specificity and Rigor for Different Stakeholder Purposes
Resolving Inconsistencies in Declarative Process Models based on Culpability Measurement
Strategic Analysis in the Realm of Enterprise Modeling â On the Example of Blockchain-Based Initiatives for the Electricity Sector
Zwischenbetriebliche Integration in der Möbelbranche: Konfigurationen und Einflussfaktoren
Novicesâ Quality Perceptions and the Acceptance of Process Modeling Grammars
Entwicklung einer Definition fĂŒr Social Business Objects (SBO) zur Modellierung von Unternehmensinformationen
Designing a Reference Model for Digital Product Configurators
Terminology for Evolving Design Artifacts
Business Role-Object Specification: A Language for Behavior-aware Structural Modeling of Business Objects
Generating Smart Glasses-based Information Systems with BPMN4SGA: A BPMN Extension for Smart Glasses Applications
Using Blockchain in Peer-to-Peer Carsharing to Build Trust in the Sharing Economy
Testing in Big Data: An Architecture Pattern for a Development Environment for Innovative, Integrated and Robust Applications
Track 4: Lern- und Wissensmanagement (e-Learning and Knowledge Management)
eGovernment Competences revisited â A Literature Review on necessary Competences in a Digitalized Public Sector
Say Hello to Your New Automated Tutor â A Structured Literature Review on Pedagogical Conversational Agents
Teaching the Digital Transformation of Business Processes: Design of a Simulation Game for Information Systems Education
Conceptualizing Immersion for Individual Learning in Virtual Reality
Designing a Flipped Classroom Course â a Process Model
The Influence of Risk-Taking on Knowledge Exchange and Combination
Gamified Feedback durch Avatare im Mobile Learning
Alexa, Can You Help Me Solve That Problem? - Understanding the Value of Smart Personal Assistants as Tutors for Complex Problem Tasks
Track 5: Data Science & Business Analytics
Matching with Bundle Preferences: Tradeoff between Fairness and Truthfulness
Applied image recognition: guidelines for using deep learning models in practice
Yield Prognosis for the Agrarian Management of Vineyards using Deep Learning for Object Counting
Reading Between the Lines of Qualitative Data â How to Detect Hidden Structure Based on Codes
Online Auctions with Dual-Threshold Algorithms: An Experimental Study and Practical Evaluation
Design Features of Non-Financial Reward Programs for Online Reviews: Evaluation based on Google Maps Data
Topic Embeddings â A New Approach to Classify Very Short Documents Based on Predefined Topics
Leveraging Unstructured Image Data for Product Quality Improvement
Decision Support for Real Estate Investors: Improving Real Estate Valuation with 3D City Models and Points of Interest
Knowledge Discovery from CVs: A Topic Modeling Procedure
Online Product Descriptions â Boost for your Sales?
EntscheidungsunterstĂŒtzung durch historienbasierte Dienstreihenfolgeplanung mit Pattern
A Semi-Automated Approach for Generating Online Review Templates
Machine Learning goes Measure Management: Leveraging Anomaly Detection and Parts Search to Improve Product-Cost Optimization
Bedeutung von Predictive Analytics fĂŒr den theoretischen Erkenntnisgewinn in der IS-Forschung
Track 6: Digitale Transformation und Dienstleistungen
Heuristic Theorizing in Software Development: Deriving Design Principles for Smart Glasses-based Systems
Mirroring E-service for Brick and Mortar Retail: An Assessment and Survey
Taxonomy of Digital Platforms: A Platform Architecture Perspective
Value of Star Players in the Digital Age
Local Shopping Platforms â Harnessing Locational Advantages for the Digital Transformation of Local Retail Outlets: A Content Analysis
A Socio-Technical Approach to Manage Analytics-as-a-Service â Results of an Action Design Research Project
Characterizing Approaches to Digital Transformation: Development of a Taxonomy of Digital Units
Expectations vs. Reality â Benefits of Smart Services in the Field of Tension between Industry and Science
Innovation Networks and Digital Innovation: How Organizations Use Innovation Networks in a Digitized Environment
Characterising Social Reading Platformsâ A Taxonomy-Based Approach to Structure the Field
Less Complex than Expected â What Really Drives IT Consulting Value
Modularity Canvas â A Framework for Visualizing Potentials of Service Modularity
Towards a Conceptualization of Capabilities for Innovating Business Models in the Industrial Internet of Things
A Taxonomy of Barriers to Digital Transformation
Ambidexterity in Service Innovation Research: A Systematic Literature Review
Design and success factors of an online solution for cross-pillar pension information
Track 7: IT-Management und -Strategie
A Frugal Support Structure for New Software Implementations in SMEs
How to Structure a Company-wide Adoption of Big Data Analytics
The Changing Roles of Innovation Actors and Organizational Antecedents in the Digital Age
Bewertung des Kundennutzens von Chatbots fĂŒr den Einsatz im Servicedesk
Understanding the Benefits of Agile Software Development in Regulated Environments
Are Employees Following the Rules? On the Effectiveness of IT Consumerization Policies
Agile and Attached: The Impact of Agile Practices on Agile Team Membersâ Affective Organisational Commitment
The Complexity Trap â Limits of IT Flexibility for Supporting Organizational Agility in Decentralized Organizations
Platform Openness: A Systematic Literature Review and Avenues for Future Research
Competence, Fashion and the Case of Blockchain
The Digital Platform Otto.de: A Case Study of Growth, Complexity, and Generativity
Track 8: eHealth & alternde Gesellschaft
Security and Privacy of Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing Environments â An Experimental Exploration of the Impact of Storage Solutions and Data Breaches
Patientenintegration durch Pfadsysteme
Digitalisierung in der StressprĂ€vention â eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Nutzenpotenzialen
User Dynamics in Mental Health Forums â A Sentiment Analysis Perspective
Intent and the Use of Wearables in the Workplace â A Model Development
Understanding Patient Pathways in the Context of Integrated Health Care Services - Implications from a Scoping Review
Understanding the Habitual Use of Wearable Activity Trackers
On the Fit in Fitness Apps: Studying the Interaction of Motivational Affordances and Usersâ Goal Orientations in Affecting the Benefits Gained
Gamification in Health Behavior Change Support Systems - A Synthesis of Unintended Side Effects
Investigating the Influence of Information Incongruity on Trust-Relations within Trilateral Healthcare Settings
Track 9: Krisen- und KontinuitÀtsmanagement
Potentiale von IKT beim Ausfall kritischer Infrastrukturen: Erwartungen, Informationsgewinnung und Mediennutzung der Zivilbevölkerung in Deutschland
Fake News Perception in Germany: A Representative Study of Peopleâs Attitudes and Approaches to Counteract Disinformation
Analyzing the Potential of Graphical Building Information for Fire Emergency Responses: Findings from a Controlled Experiment
Track 10: Human-Computer Interaction
Towards a Taxonomy of Platforms for Conversational Agent Design
Measuring Service Encounter Satisfaction with Customer Service Chatbots using Sentiment Analysis
Self-Tracking and Gamification: Analyzing the Interplay of Motivations, Usage and Motivation Fulfillment
Erfolgsfaktoren von Augmented-Reality-Applikationen: Analyse von Nutzerrezensionen mit dem Review-Mining-Verfahren
Designing Dynamic Decision Support for Electronic Requirements Negotiations
Who is Stressed by Using ICTs? A Qualitative Comparison Analysis with the Big Five Personality Traits to Understand Technostress
Walking the Middle Path: How Medium Trade-Off Exposure Leads to Higher Consumer Satisfaction in Recommender Agents
Theory-Based Affordances of Utilitarian, Hedonic and Dual-Purposed Technologies: A Literature Review
Eliciting Customer Preferences for Shopping Companion Apps: A Service Quality Approach
The Role of Early User Participation in Discovering Software â A Case Study from the Context of Smart Glasses
The Fluidity of the Self-Concept as a Framework to Explain the Motivation to Play Video Games
Heart over Heels? An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Emotions and Review Helpfulness for Experience and Credence Goods
Track 11: Information Security and Information Privacy
Unfolding Concerns about Augmented Reality Technologies: A Qualitative Analysis of User Perceptions
To (Psychologically) Own Data is to Protect Data: How Psychological Ownership Determines Protective Behavior in a Work and Private Context
Understanding Data Protection Regulations from a Data Management Perspective: A Capability-Based Approach to EU-GDPR
On the Difficulties of Incentivizing Online Privacy through Transparency: A Qualitative Survey of the German Health Insurance Market
What is Your Selfie Worth? A Field Study on Individualsâ Valuation of Personal Data
Justification of Mass Surveillance: A Quantitative Study
An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception for Data Disclosure to a Network of Firms
Track 12: Umweltinformatik und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften
KommunikationsfĂ€den im Nadelöhr â Fachliche Prozessmodellierung der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation am Kapitalmarkt
Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Materialflusskostenrechnung
Computing Incentives for User-Based Relocation in Carsharing
Sustainabilityâs Coming Home: Preliminary Design Principles for the Sustainable Smart District
Substitution of hazardous chemical substances using Deep Learning and t-SNE
A Hierarchy of DSMLs in Support of Product Life-Cycle Assessment
A Survey of Smart Energy Services for Private Households
Door-to-Door Mobility Integrators as Keystone Organizations of Smart Ecosystems: Resources and Value Co-Creation â A Literature Review
Ein EntscheidungsunterstĂŒtzungssystem zur ökonomischen Bewertung von Mieterstrom auf Basis der Clusteranalyse
Discovering Blockchain for Sustainable Product-Service Systems to enhance the Circular Economy
Digitale RĂŒckverfolgbarkeit von Lebensmitteln: Eine verbraucherinformatische Studie
Umweltbewusstsein durch audiovisuelles Content Marketing? Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Konsumentenbewertung nachhaltiger Smartphones
Towards Predictive Energy Management in Information Systems: A Research Proposal
A Web Browser-Based Application for Processing and Analyzing Material Flow Models using the MFCA Methodology
Track 13: Digital Work - Social, mobile, smart
On Conversational Agents in Information Systems Research: Analyzing the Past to Guide Future Work
The Potential of Augmented Reality for Improving Occupational First Aid
Prevent a Vicious Circle! The Role of Organizational IT-Capability in Attracting IT-affine Applicants
Good, Bad, or Both? Conceptualization and Measurement of Ambivalent User Attitudes Towards AI
A Case Study on Cross-Hierarchical Communication in Digital Work Environments
âShow Me Your People Skillsâ - Employing CEO Branding for Corporate Reputation Management in Social Media
A Multiorganisational Study of the Drivers and Barriers of Enterprise Collaboration Systems-Enabled Change
The More the Merrier? The Effect of Size of Core Team Subgroups on Success of Open Source Projects
The Impact of Anthropomorphic and Functional Chatbot Design Features in Enterprise Collaboration Systems on User Acceptance
Digital Feedback for Digital Work? Affordances and Constraints of a Feedback App at InsurCorp
The Effect of Marker-less Augmented Reality on Task and Learning Performance
Antecedents for Cyberloafing â A Literature Review
Internal Crowd Work as a Source of Empowerment - An Empirical Analysis of the Perception of Employees in a Crowdtesting Project
Track 14: GeschÀftsmodelle und digitales Unternehmertum
Dividing the ICO Jungle: Extracting and Evaluating Design Archetypes
Capturing Value from Data: Exploring Factors Influencing Revenue Model Design for Data-Driven Services
Understanding the Role of Data for Innovating Business Models: A System Dynamics Perspective
Business Model Innovation and Stakeholder: Exploring Mechanisms and Outcomes of Value Creation and Destruction
Business Models for Internet of Things Platforms: Empirical Development of a Taxonomy and Archetypes
Revitalizing established Industrial Companies: State of the Art and Success Principles of Digital Corporate Incubators
When 1+1 is Greater than 2: Concurrence of Additional Digital and Established Business Models within Companies
Special Track 1: Student Track
Investigating Personalized Price Discrimination of Textile-, Electronics- and General Stores in German Online Retail
From Facets to a Universal Definition â An Analysis of IoT Usage in Retail
Is the Technostress Creators Inventory Still an Up-To-Date Measurement Instrument? Results of a Large-Scale Interview Study
Application of Media Synchronicity Theory to Creative Tasks in Virtual Teams Using the Example of Design Thinking
TrustyTweet: An Indicator-based Browser-Plugin to Assist Users in Dealing with Fake News on Twitter
Application of Process Mining Techniques to Support Maintenance-Related Objectives
How Voice Can Change Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis between E-Commerce and Voice Commerce
Business Process Compliance and Blockchain: How Does the Ethereum Blockchain Address Challenges of Business Process Compliance?
Improving Business Model Configuration through a Question-based Approach
The Influence of Situational Factors and Gamification on Intrinsic Motivation and Learning
Evaluation von ITSM-Tools fĂŒr Integration und Management von Cloud-Diensten am Beispiel von ServiceNow
How Software Promotes the Integration of Sustainability in Business Process Management
Criteria Catalog for Industrial IoT Platforms from the Perspective of the Machine Tool Industry
Special Track 3: Demos & Prototyping
Privacy-friendly User Location Tracking with Smart Devices: The BeaT Prototype
Application-oriented robotics in nursing homes
Augmented Reality for Set-up Processe
Mixed Reality for supporting Remote-Meetings
Gamification zur Motivationssteigerung von Werkern bei der Betriebsdatenerfassung
Automatically Extracting and Analyzing Customer Needs from Twitter: A âNeedminingâ Prototype
GaNEsHA: Opportunities for Sustainable Transportation in Smart Cities
TUCANA: A platform for using local processing power of edge devices for building data-driven services
Demonstrator zur Beschreibung und Visualisierung einer kritischen Infrastruktur
Entwicklung einer alltagsnahen persuasiven App zur Bewegungsmotivation fĂŒr Ă€ltere Nutzerinnen und Nutzer
A browser-based modeling tool for studying the learning of conceptual modeling based on a multi-modal data collection approach
Exergames & Dementia: An interactive System for People with Dementia and their Care-Network
Workshops
Workshop Ethics and Morality in Business Informatics (Workshop Ethik und Moral in der Wirtschaftsinformatik â EMoWIâ19)
Model-Based Compliance in Information Systems - Foundations, Case Description and Data Set of the MobIS-Challenge for Students and Doctoral Candidates
Report of the Workshop on Concepts and Methods of Identifying Digital Potentials in Information Management
Control of Systemic Risks in Global Networks - A Grand Challenge to Information Systems Research
Die Mitarbeiter von morgen - Kompetenzen kĂŒnftiger Mitarbeiter im Bereich Business Analytics
Digitaler Konsum: Herausforderungen und Chancen der Verbraucherinformati
Extubation readiness and variability measurements in extreme preterm infants
Background The ability to accurately determine extubation readiness in extreme preterm infants is important but difficult. Clinical decision making results in a 20-40% rate of extubation failure and strategies developed to predict successful extubation have shown limited success. Heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory variability (RV) can distinguish weaning outcome in ventilated adults but have never been assessed in preterm infants undergoing disconnection from MV. Objectives Studies performed in extreme preterm neonates evaluated differences in HRV and RV prior to extubation between infants that would fail or succeed extubation. An additional study evaluated HRV and RV in healthy full-term newborns and determined the effect of position and feeding. Methods Mechanically ventilated infants with a birth weight †1250g were included in studies evaluating preterm infants. HRV data was collected for 60 min prior to extubation during assist control or synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation. RV data was collected for 3 min prior to extubation during endotracheal tube continuous positive airway pressure. Extubation failure was defined as the need for re-intubation within 72h of initial disconnection from MV. HRV data was collected using electrocardiography and quantified using frequency analysis. RV data was collected using respiratory inductive plethysmography and quantified using time-domain analysis. Similar methods of data collection and analysis were applied in healthy, full-term infants. Results A significant decrease in HRV prior to extubation was demonstrated in infants that failed extubation. An initial retrospective analysis revealed a significant decrease in mean inspiratory flow variability in infants that required re-intubation. However, a subsequent prospective evaluation showed no differences in RV prior to extubation between success and failure groups. In healthy full-term newborns, reduced HRV and RV were observed in the prone position. No feeding effect was described. ConclusionsThese studies provide a first assessment of HRV and RV in extreme preterm infants being extubated, with additional evaluation in a normative population using similar methodology. HRV and RV can function as biomarkers of extubation outcome and improve clinical decision making. The results described provide a solid basis for improved and refined investigations of both measurements as predictors of successful extubation in future.Contexte La capacitĂ© de dĂ©terminer avec prĂ©cision la facilitĂ© d'extubation parmi les nouveau-nĂ©s extrĂȘmement prĂ©maturĂ©s, est importante mais difficile. La prise de dĂ©cision clinique confĂšre un taux d'Ă©chec d'extubation de 20 Ă 40% et les stratĂ©gies dĂ©veloppĂ©es pour prĂ©dire une rĂ©ussite Ă l'extubation ont dĂ©montrĂ© un succĂšs limitĂ©. La variabilitĂ© du rythme cardiaque (VRC) et la variabilitĂ© respiratoire (VR) permettent de distinguer le sevrage de la ventilation mĂ©canique (VM) chez les adultes, mais n'ont jamais Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s chez les nouveau-nĂ©s extrĂȘmement prĂ©maturĂ©s qui subissent une dĂ©connexion de la VM. Objectif Les Ă©tudes rĂ©alisĂ©es chez les nouveau-nĂ©s extrĂȘmement prĂ©maturĂ©s ont Ă©valuĂ© les diffĂ©rences dans la VRC et RV avant l'extubation, entre les bĂ©bĂ©s qui seront extubĂ© avec succĂšs et les bĂ©bĂ©s qui Ă©choueront l'extubation. Une Ă©tude additionnelle a Ă©valuĂ©e la VRC et VR chez les nouveau-nĂ©s Ă terme et de bonne santĂ© ainsi que l'effet de la position et de l'alimentation ces mesures susmentionnĂ©es. MĂ©thodes Les bĂ©bĂ©s ventilĂ©s mĂ©caniquement avec un poids de naissance †1250 g ont Ă©tĂ© inclus dans les Ă©tudes Ă©valuant les nouveau-nĂ©s extrĂȘmement prĂ©maturĂ©s. Les donnĂ©es de VRC ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es pendant 60 min avant l'extubation lors d'un mode ventilatoire assistĂ© contrĂŽlĂ© intermittent. Les donnĂ©es de VR ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es pendant 3 min de pression expiratoire positive Ă travers le tube endotrachĂ©ale. Un Ă©chec d'extubation Ă©tait dĂ©fini par le besoin de rĂ©intubation avant 72h de la dĂ©connexion initiale de VM. Les donnĂ©es de VRC ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies en utilisant l'Ă©lectrocardiographie et quantifiĂ©s dans le domaine frĂ©quentiel. Les donnĂ©es de VR ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies par plĂ©thysmographie et quantifiĂ©s dans le domaine temporel.Des mĂ©thodes de collection de donnĂ©es et d'analyse similaires ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©es pour les nouveau-nĂ©s Ă terme de bonne santĂ©. RĂ©sultatsUne diminution significative de VRC avant extubation a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ©e chez les nouveau-nĂ©s qui ont Ă©chouĂ© l'extubation. Une analyse rĂ©trospective initiale a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une diminution significative de la variabilitĂ© du volume courant par durĂ©e du temps inspiratoire chez les nouveau-nĂ©s rĂ©-intuber. Cependant, une Ă©valuation prospective ultĂ©rieure, n'a dĂ©montrĂ© aucune diffĂ©rence de VR avant extubation entre les bĂ©bĂ©s qui ont Ă©tĂ© extubĂ© avec succĂšs et les bĂ©bĂ©s qui ont Ă©chouĂ© l'extubation. Parmi les nouveau-nĂ©s Ă terme de bonne santĂ©, une rĂ©duction de VRC et VR a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans la position dĂ©cubitus ventrale. Aucun effet d'alimentation n'a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crit. Conclusions Ces Ă©tudes sont les premiers Ă Ă©valuer les mesures de VRC et VR parmi les nouveau-nĂ©s extrĂȘmement prĂ©maturĂ©s extubĂ©s, avec une Ă©valuation supplĂ©mentaire dans une population normative utilisant une mĂ©thodologie similaire. La VRC et VR peuvent fonctionner comme des « biomarkeurs » du rĂ©sultat d'extubation et par suite, amĂ©liorer la prise de dĂ©cision clinique. Les rĂ©sultats dĂ©crits dans cette Ă©tude fournis une base solide dĂ©montrant le rĂŽle de ces deux mesures dans la prĂ©diction d'extubation rĂ©ussie et donc, des investigations complĂ©mentaires seraient d'un intĂ©rĂȘt pour Ă©valuer d'avantage l'utilisation de ces mesures dans le milieu clinique
Relationships between circadian rhythms, timing of eating behaviors, and the human gastrointestinal microbiota
In the obesity-prone environment in which we live, no avenue for potentially health-promoting intervention should be ignored. One such avenue that has gained recent attention is the modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Microbiota interventions have come into the spotlight because of the proposed relationships between the microbial communityâs composition, function, and human health. One of the most common strategies for modulating the microbial community for potential health benefit is by dietary modifications, although antibiotics, microbial transplant, probiotics, and even exercise can also impact the gastrointestinal microbiome. With the emergence of evidence that timing of eating can impact health, it follows that the connection of eating behaviors to the gastrointestinal microbiota should be explored further. The objective of this research was to assess the links between circadian rhythms, timing of eating, and the human gastrointestinal microbiota. To accomplish this goal, a thorough review of the current literature was first conducted. Second, a cross-section of healthy, adult subjects was examined to determine the relative abundances of bacterial genera and concentrations of bacterial metabolites in fecal samples collected throughout the day. These variables were additionally assessed in relation to the subjectsâ eating habits, including eating frequency, consumption of energy earlier in the day, and overnight fast duration. This study found strong evidence in the existing literature for the impact of circadian rhythms and eating behaviors on the gastrointestinal microbiota and health. Additionally, this work presents the results of a large, cross-sectional clinical study which found an association between time of day, microbiota composition and function, and eating behaviors. The results presented herein propose that this connection not only exists, but also could hold relevance for human health, with application to health-promoting interventions