DMTs and Covid-19 severity in MS: a pooled analysis from Italy and France

We evaluated the effect of DMTs on Covid-19 severity in patients with MS, with a pooled-analysis of two large cohorts from Italy and France. The association of baseline characteristics and DMTs with Covid-19 severity was assessed by multivariate ordinal-logistic models and pooled by a fixed-effect meta-analysis. 1066 patients with MS from Italy and 721 from France were included. In the multivariate model, anti-CD20 therapies were significantly associated (OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.39–3.02, p < 0.001) with Covid-19 severity, whereas interferon indicated a decreased risk (OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.18–0.99, p = 0.047). This pooled-analysis confirms an increased risk of severe Covid-19 in patients on anti-CD20 therapies and supports the protective role of interferon

L'uranium marqueur de la croissance cristalline : mise en évidence par les traces de fission dans les zircons gemmes d'Espaly (Haute-Loire, France)

A precise fission track mapping of uranium has been carried out on zircon crystals from Espaly (Haute-Loire, France). Uranium appears to be a good marker of crystal growth. Oscillatory zoning of uranium and hourglass distribution yield information on growth rate and site of the uranium incorporation in zircon during the crystal growth.Une cartographie précise de l'uranium par fission neutronique induite a été effectuée sur les zircons gemmes d'Espaly. Il ressort de cette étude que les traces de fission de l'uranium peuvent être utilisées comme marqueurs de la croissance cristalline. Un phénomène oscillatoire dans la distribution de l'uranium, ainsi qu'une distribution en sablier, fournissent des précisions sur le mode et le lieu d'incorporation de cet élément dans ces zircons ainsi que sur la vitesse de cristallisation de ces minéraux.Carpéna Joëlle, Gagnol Isabelle, Mailhé Didier, Pupin Jean-Pierre. L'uranium marqueur de la croissance cristalline : mise en évidence par les traces de fission dans les zircons gemmes d'Espaly (Haute-Loire, France). In: Bulletin de Minéralogie, volume 110, 4, 1987. pp. 459-463

Psychological and physiological effects of bupropion compared to methylphenidate after prolonged administration in healthy volunteers (NCT00285155)

International audiencePURPOSE:Bupropion is largely used as an antidepressant and smoking cessation therapy. The aim of this work was to compare pharmacodynamic properties of bupropion and the amphetamine-like methylphenidate after sustained administration in humans.METHODS:Twelve male volunteers completed this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study. Bupropion and methylphenidate were administered separately for initial half-dose 6-day periods (150 and 10 mg respectively) followed by full-dose 8-day periods (300 and 20 mg respectively). Outcomes were subjective feelings, cognitive performances, autonomic and physiological parameters.RESULTS:Data are expressed as mean(SEM). After repeated administration, bupropion, like methylphenidate, decreased asthenia-fatigue [44(3.2) and 42(3.7), respectively vs. 53(4.1) for placebo; p = 0.034], despite an impairment of sleep onset [-4.3(3.32) and -1.9(3.76), respectively vs. +7.5(3.69); p = 0.016]. Both drugs increased resting diastolic blood pressure [67.9(1.23) and 65.7(0.98), respectively vs. 62.5(1.42) mm Hg; p = 0.001], body temperature [36.5(0.12) and 36.5(0.14) vs. 36.3(0.10) °C; p = 0.037] and decreased body weight [-0.7(0.23) and -0.6(0.22), respectively vs. +0.2(0.27) kg; p = 0.038]. No significant change could be observed on cognitive functions, appetite and energy consumption.CONCLUSION:Although it may not share all the properties of stimulant drugs, the effect profile of bupropion presents a number of similarities with that of methylphenidate over a 2-week treatment period

The IDEAL Study : Towards Personalized Drug Treatment of Hypertension

Objective. To identify markers (phenotypic, genetic, or environmental) of blood pressure (BP) response profiles to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and diuretics. Methods. IDEAL was a crossover (two active and two wash out phases), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eligible patients were untreated hypertensive, aged 25 to 70. After two visits, patients were randomized to one of four sequences. The main outcome was BP differences between the active treatment and placebo. Results. One hundred and twenty-four patients were randomised: mean age 53, men 65%, family history of hypertension 60%. Average BP fall at each visit before randomisation was about 2% of the initial level reflecting both a regression to the mean and a placebo effect. Conclusion. The results are expected to improve knowledge in drug’s mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of hypertension, and to help in personalizing treatment. The estimation of BP responses to each drug in standardized conditions provided a benefit to each participant

Influence of back school and physical exercises on pain-related fears

peer reviewe

L’éthique de l’or

Ce dossier thématique s’inscrit dans le cadre de réflexions en cours sur les relations entre trajectoires de développement et activités extractives à l’heure d’un tournant “éthique” dans la gouvernance internationale des ressources. En se focalisant sur l’extraction aurifère il entend saisir les reconfigurations sociales et politiques suscitées, les processus de changement, de structuration et de déstructuration à l’œuvre à différentes échelles de la chaîne minière de production et de commercialisation. A travers des études de cas empiriques situés, il aborde les enjeux de responsabilité, de durabilité (éventuelle), de légitimation et de justice sociale et environnementale. This special issue falls within the scope of the ongoing debates around the relationships between development paths and extractive activities, at an “ethical” turning point in the international governance of resources. By focusing on gold mining, it aims to grasp the social and political reconfigurations caused, and the processes of change, structuring, and destructuring at work at the different levels of the gold production network and supply chain. Through case studies grounded in empirics, it addresses issues of responsibility, possible sustainability, legitimation, and social and environmental justice. Este dossier temático se inscribe en el marco de las reflexiones en curso sobre las relaciones entre trayectorias de desarrollo y actividades extractivas a la hora de un punto de inflexión “ético” en la gestión internacional de los recursos. Al centrarse en la extracción aurífera, este dossier pretende captar las reconfiguraciones sociales y políticas suscitadas, los procesos de cambio, de estructuración y de desestructuración llevadas a cabo a diferentes niveles en la cadena minera de producción y comercialización. A través del estudio de casos empíricos situados, aquel aborda los retos de responsabilidad, eventual sostenibilidad, legitimación y justicia social y medioambiental

De l’objet à la société romaine: Études archéologiques et épigraphiques offertes à Jean-Claude Béal

International audienceThis volume brings together some twenty contributions reflecting many of the research themes of Prof. Jean-Claude Béal, to whom these studies are offered. They are mainly centred on Roman Gaul, and more generally on the western Roman provinces, reflecting the geographical areas in which he works.Ce livre réunit une vingtaine de contributions regroupées dans cinq parties : - De l’atelier à l’objet : artisanats, productions et instrumentum ; - Croyances et cultes ; - Iconographie, épigraphie et archéologie funéraire ; - Habiter et organiser un territoire ; - Décorer un édifice, qui reflètent une grande partie des thèmes de recherche de Jean-Claude Béal à qui ces études sont offertes. Elles sont essentiellement centrées sur la Gaule romaine, et plus marginalement sur les provinces romaines occidentales, à l’image des aires géographiques sur lesquelles il travaille