Impacto a nivel económico de las exportaciones de la industria de procesamiento de alimentos en Irán

[EN] This paper aims to analyze the economy-wide impact of an increase in the export of food processing industry in Iran and to compare it to the same increase in oil and gas exports as the main eco-nomic sector. It uses both demand-driven and supply-driven mixed Input-Output models referred to as 2011 SAM framework purposely designed by authors. The results show that an increase in the food pro-cessing industry promotes the production of other sectors and, increases factor employment and house-hold income. The significance of this impact is comparable to a similar shock in the oil and gas sector.[ES] Este documento tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto en la economía de un aumento en la exportación de la industria de procesamiento de alimentos en Irán y compararlo con el mismo aumento en las exportaciones de petróleo y gas que es el principal sector económico. Utiliza modelos mixtos input-output basados en la demanda y en la oferta, denominados marco SAM 2011 diseñados específicamente por los autores. Los resultados muestran que un aumento en la industria de procesamiento de alimentos promueve la producción de otros sectores y aumenta el empleo de factores y los ingresos de los hogares. La importancia de este impacto es comparable a un shock similar en el sector de petróleo y gas.Ghahremanzadeh, M.; Sassi, M.; Javadi, A.; Javanbakht, O.; Hayati, B. (2020). Economy-Wide Impact of Food Processing Industry Exports in Iran. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 20(1):131-148. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2020.01.06OJS13114820

Effect of telenursing on quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation referred to the teaching hospitals in Qazvin

Background: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias that occurs 1: 100. Long duration of treatment needs continuous education and follow up that can be achieved by modern nursing techniques such as telenursing. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of telenursing on quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 100 Patients with atrial fibrillation referred to the teaching hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The patients were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control). In the intervention group, phone calls were made to follow up and to educate patients for 12 weeks. Quality of life was measured before and after the intervention using the SF-36 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired T-test, Chi-square test, and T-test. Findings: In the intervention group, the mean quality of life score was significantly increased from 64.88±10.8 before the intervention to 76.14±9.2 after the intervention. In the control group, the mean quality of life score was significantly decreased from 62.6±9.7 before the intervention to 60.05±6.95 after the intervention. Conclusion: With regards to the results, it seems that telenursing can increase the patients’ quality of life and can provide better nursing care. Keywords: Telenursing, Quality of life, Atrial Fibrillatio

Screening for Depression In Hospitalized Pediatric Patients

How to Cite This Article: Esmaeeli M, Erfani Sayar R, Saghebi A, Elmi Saghi, Rahmani Sh, Elmi S, Rabbani Javadi A. Screening for Depression in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Winter; 8(1):47-51. ObjectiveIn chronically ill children who are hospitalized, many mood changes occur. For example, in children with cancer or renal failure, prolonged hospitalization and chemotherapy can lead to depression. With the improved survival of childhoodmalignancies, the effect of treatment on child’s psychosocial well-being becomes increasingly relevant. In this study, we examined the prevalence of depression in hospitalized children with chronic and acute conditions in Dr Sheikh Pediatrics Hospital in Mashhad.Materials & MethodsAfter receiving the approval from the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, we did this cross-sectional descriptive study, from April to June 2012 in Dr Sheikh Pediatric Hospital in Mashhad. Ninety children, aged between 8 to 16 years, were screened for depression. The sampling method was census. Children with a history of depressive or other mental disorders were excluded.Three groups of children (children with chronic renal disease, malignancy, and acute disease) were evaluated for depression using standard Children Depression Inventory Questionnaire (CDI). Two specifically trained nurses with the supervisionof a psychiatrist filled out the questionnaires at patients’ bedside. Depression scores were then analyzed by SPSS software.ResultsOf 90 children, 43(47.7%) were male and 47(52.2%) were female. The Children’s mean age was 11±2.3 years, and the mean length of hospitalization was 8±5.3 days.Depression was detected in various degrees in 63% of patients (N=57), and 36.6% of children (N=32) had no symptoms of depression. Severe depression was not seenin any of the patients with acute illness. More than half of patients with cancer and chronic kidney disease had moderate to severe depression.There was a significant statistical relationship between the duration of illness and severity of depression. There was also a significant correlation between severity of depression and frequency of hospitalization. Children who had been hospitalized more than 3 times in the last year, experienced more severe levels of depression. We also found a significant correlation between pubertal age and severity of depressionin patients with cancers and chronic renal failure.ConclusionChildren who are hospitalized due to chronic conditions are at a higher risk for mood disorders in comparison with the ones with acute conditions. It is therefore advisable to consider more practical plans to improve the care for hospitalizedchildren’s mental health.ReferencesKessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-ofonset distributions of dsm-iv disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(6):593-602.Rutter M. Relationship between mental disorders in children and adulthood. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995;91(2):73-85.Naerde A, Tambs K, Mathiesen KS Dalgard OS. Symptoms of anxiety and depression among mothers of pre-school children: effect of chronic strain related to children and child care-taking. J affect Discord 2000;58(3):181-99Ernest J, Weissflog G, Brahler E, Romer G, Götze H. Depression in children of cancer patients over time and dependence of parental distress. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2012;61(6):432-46.Gordijn MS, van Listenburg RR, Gemke RJ, Huisman J. Sleep, fatigue, depression, and quality of life in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60(3):479-85.De Sousa A. Psychiatric issues in renal failure and dialysis. Indian J Nephrol 2008;18(2):47-50Bakr A, Amr M, Sarhan A, Hammad A. Psychiatric disorders in children with chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 2007;22(1):128-31.Goldstein SL, Rosburg NM, Warady BA, Seikaly M, McDonald R, Limbers C, et al. Pediatric end stage renal disease health-related quality of life differs by modality: a PedsQL ESRD analysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24(8):1553-60.Thomalla G, Barkmann C, Romer G. Psychosocial symptoms in children of hemodialysis patients. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2005;54(5):399-416.Laffond C, Dellatolas G, Alapetite C, Puget S, Grill J, Habrand JL, et al. Quality of life, mood and executive functioning after childhood craniopharyngioma treated with surgery and proton beam therapy. Brain Inj 2012;26(3):270-81.Chung TK, Lynch ER, Fiser CJ, Nelson DA, Agricola K, Tudor C, et al. Psychiatric coomorbidity and treatment response in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2011;23(4):263-9.Kinahan KE, Sharp LK, Seidel K, Leisenring W, Didwania A, Lacouture ME, et al. Scarring, disfigurement, and quality of life in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor study. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(20):2466-74.Adduci A, Jankovic M, Strazzer S, Massimino M, Clerici C, Poggi G. Parent-child communication and psychological adjustment in children with a brain tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59(2):290-4Szabo A, Mezei G, Kovari E, Cserhati E. Depressive symptoms amongst asthmatic children caregivers. Peditr Allergy Immunol 2012;21(4 Pt 2):e667-73.Arabiat DH, Elliot B, Draper P. The prevalence of depression in pediatric oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment in Jordan. Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2012;29(5):283-8.Li HC, Williams PD, Lopez V, Chung JO. Relationships among therapy-related symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in Chinese children hospitalized with cancer: an exploratory study. Cancer Nurs 2013;36(5):346-54

Prevalence of Hepatitis D Virus Infection Among Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients in Qom Province, Center of Iran

Background: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that depends on the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus for its replication, developing exclusively in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B. There are little data regarding the routes of HDV transmission in Iran. The risk factors for HDV infection in Iran are blood transfusion, surgery, family history, Hejamat wet cupping (traditional phlebotomy), tattooing, war injury, dental interventions, and endoscopy.Objectives: We performed this study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis D in the general population of Qom province and the potential risk factors for acquiring HDV.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study collected 3690 samples from 7 rural clusters and 116 urban clusters. HBs antigen was measured, and if the test was positive, anti-HDV was measured. Ten teams, each consisting of 2 trained members, were assigned to conduct the sampling and administer the questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS.Results: Forty-eight subjects (1.3%) suffered from hepatitis B, and 1 HBsAg-positive case had HDV infection. The prevalence of hepatitis D infection in Qom Province was 0.03%. The prevalence of hepatitis D infection in HBsAg-positive cases was 2%. Our anti-HDV-positive case had a history of tattooing, surgery, and dental surgery. There was no significant relationship between tattooing, surgery history, or dental surgery and hepatitis D infection.Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatitis D in Qom is the the lowest in Iran, similar to a study in Babol (north of Iran)

Safety Evaluation of Nano-Liposomal Formulation of Amphotericin B (SinaAmpholeish) in Animal Model as a Candidate for Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Background: Development of a topical treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important step in the im­provement of lesion management. Amphotericin B (AmB) is effective against Leishmania species but it is toxic, a Nano-liposomal form of AmB with a size of about 100nm (Lip-AmB) was developed and showed to be effective against Leishmania major, and Leishmania tropica in vitro and against L. major in vivo in animal model. This study was designed to check the irritancy Draize test in rabbits and was completed in the Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, TUMS, in 2012. Methods: Twenty rabbits in 3 steps were housed individually with artificial lighting (12/12h light/dark). SinaAm­pholeish cream or empty liposomes (prepared under GMP condition at Minoo Company, Tehran, Iran), was applied on a gauze patch and the patches were placed on the designated sites of the skin in the back of the rabbits. At 48 and 72h later, the erythema and oedema were checked, scored and recorded. Results: The erythema score in rabbits was 0.83+0.41 for the SinaAmpholeish and 0.5+0.55 for empty liposomes (P= 0.16). The average score for oedema was 0.67+0.52 for SinaAmpholeish and 0.33+0.52 for empty liposomes (P= 0.16). Conclusion: Based on skin irritancy reactions the topical formulation of SinaAmpholeish is safe and could be further checked in human trials

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of General Practitioners toward Complementary and Alternative Medicine: a Cross-Sectional Study

Orientation of public and physicians to the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one<br />of the most prominent symbols of structural changes in the health service system. The aim of his study was a<br />determination of knowledge, attitude, and practice of general practitioners in complementary and alternative<br />medicine. This cross- sectional study was conducted in Qazvin, Iran in 2013. A self-administered questionnaire<br />was used for collecting data including four information parts: population information, physicians’ attitude and<br />knowledge, methods of getting information and their function. A total of 228 physicians in Qazvin comprised<br />the population of study according to the deputy of treatment’s report of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.<br />A total of 150 physicians were selected randomly, and SPSS Statistical program was used to enter<br />questionnaires’ data. Results were analyzed as descriptive statistics and statistical analysis. Sixty percent of all<br />responders were male. About sixty (59.4) percent of participating practitioners had worked less than 10 years.<br />96.4 percent had a positive attitude towards complementary and alternative medicine. Knowledge of<br />practitioners about traditional medicine in 11 percent was good, 36.3% and 52.7% had average and little<br />information, respectively. 17.9% of practitioners offered their patients complementary and alternative medicine<br />for treatment. Although there was little knowledge among practitioners about traditional medicine and<br />complementary approaches, a significant percentage of them had attitude higher than the lower limit

Viewpoints of Patients in Qazvin Towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Background: We have little information on the degree of individuals’ in Iran and their use of complementary and alternative medicine, its variations and the causes of people’s tendency towards the treatments used in the methods mentioned above. Objectives: In 2012, we set out to study the viewpoints of patients in Qazvin, Iran, examining how they feel about complementary and alternative medicine. Patients and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, data were collected through the use of a questionnaire. A total of 293 patients who had been referred to the complementary and alternative medicine centers were surveyed. These centers practice methods such as cupping, homeopathy and acupuncture. The questionnaire was divided in two parts, demographic questions and main questions, in this particular study. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 with P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.2 ± 13.3, and 60.8 percent of them were men. In all, 70.6 percent and 24.4 percent of respondents were married and single, respectively. About 58 percent had completed their undergraduate education. The cause of 31.3 percent of the participants’ visits was mental sicknesses, 20.2 percent attended due to rheumatologic diseases, and 8.2 percent applied to the mentioned treatment centers seeking relief from skin-related diseases. Ninety-one percent of the participants reported using alternative and complementary medicine for its efficiency. The levels of high satisfaction they reported gaining from the center’s homeopathy, acupuncture, and phlebotomy services were 17.2%, 16.5%, and 18.2%, respectively. In addition, 70 percent of the patients found the new treatment method to be quite successful, while 27 percent found it to be less effective than other approaches they had tried. Conclusions: The people were receptive to the use of alternative and complementary medicine and their satisfaction level was high. Keywords: Homeopathy, Acupuncture, Phlebotom