Determination of the angular momentum of the Kerr black hole from equatorial geodesic motion

We present a method to determine the angular momentum of a black hole, based on observations of the trajectories of the bodies in the Kerr space-time. We use the Hamilton equations to describe the dynamics of a particle and present results for equatorial trajectories, obtaining an algebraic equation for the magnitude of the black hole's angular momentum. We tailor a numerical code to solve the dynamical equations and use it to generate synthetic data. We apply the method in some representative examples, obtaining the parameters of the trajectories as well as the black hole's angular momentum in good agreement with the input data.Comment: 24 page

Potential group B Streptococcus interspecies transmission between cattle and people in Colombian dairy farms

Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a leading cause of neonatal death and an emerging pathogen in adults. Additionally, GBS is a bovine pathogen causing intramammary infections. The likelihood of GBS interspecies transmission is largely unknown. We explored the potential transmission of GBS between cattle and people on dairy farms in Colombia and compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of isolates from both host species. Across 33 farms, throat swabs and rectal swabs were collected from 191 people, and rectal swabs and composite milk samples from 2092 cattle, yielding 60 human isolates and 301 bovine isolates. The majority (64%) of isolates belonged to shared sequence types (ST). Sequence type (ST) 1 was the most common strain in both host species, suggesting that interspecies transmission may be possible. Two members of the bovine-specific clonal complex 61/67 were detected in human samples (ST718 and ST1175), providing evidence for the lack of genuine species barriers. Apparent prevalence of penicillin resistance was surprisingly high in human and bovine isolates. Further investigation of this phenomenon is needed and could lead to modification of standard testing and treatment recommendations in human and veterinary medicine

Terapia postimplante de cardiodesfibrilador como prevención primaria y secundaria de muerte súbita en la Fundación Abood Shaio: seguimiento a un año

Therapy after the implant of cardioverter-defibrillator in the primary and secundary prevention of sudden death during the first year of follow up in the a clinic of fourth level of complexity.Background: the implant of cardioverter-defibrillator has changes the pronostic in the primary and secondary prevention in the patients with suden death. There are a lot of evidence that supports that the therapies of the CDI (antitachycardia and shocks) have impact on the morbimortality of the patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators, besides the effect proarritmogenic. Objective: It is for determining which is the incidence of appropriate and inappropriate therapies in our population of patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for primary and secondary prevention of sudden death. Materials and Methods: we describe a case series of patients with cardioverter-defibrillator as the primary and secondary prevention of sudden death in a clinic of fourth level of complexity. Results: the incidence of therapy of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators after implant in patients with primary and secondary prevention of sudden death to the first year of follow-up was 44 %. The incidence of apropiate therapy of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators after implant in patients with primary prevention of sudden death to the first year of follow-up was the 26,3 %.The incidence of apropiate therapy of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators after implant in patients with secondary prevention of sudden death to the first year of follow-up was the 53 %. The half of the patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators afterimpant for primary prevention or secondary had apropiate therapies during the first year of follow - up.36 % of the patients presented inappropriate therapies during the year of follow-up after first implat of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators. Conclusions: The therapies after to the implant of cardioverter-Defibrillator were near to the half of the patients, being more frecuent in the secundary prevention. These events may be present in the different pathologies , and to be apropiate and inapropiate. The complications of procedure may be acutes and chronics. (MÉD.UIS. 2011;24(3):253-63).Key words: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators . Sudden death. Primary prevention. Secondary prevention. Antitachycardia. Shocks.Introducción: el implante de cardiodesfibriladores ha cambiado el pronóstico en la prevención primaria y secundaria en pacientes con muerte súbita. Hay suficiente evidencia que soporta que las terapias del cardiodesfibrilador, antitaquicardia y choques; tienen impacto sobre la morbimortalidad de los pacientes portadores del mismo, además del efecto proarritmogénico. Objetivo: está por determinar cuál es la incidencia de terapias apropiadas e inapropiadas en nuestra población de pacientes portadores de cardiodesfibrilador por prevención primaria y secundaria de muerte súbita. Materiales y métodos: se describe una serie de casos de pacientes a quienes se les implantó un cardiodesfibrilador como prevención primaria y secundaria de muerte súbita en una institución de cuarto nivel de complejidad. Resultados: la incidencia de terapia del cardiodesfibrilador implantable postimplante en pacientes con prevención primaria y secundaria de muerte súbita al primer año de seguimiento fue 44%. La incidencia de terapia apropiada del cardiodesfibrilador postimplante en pacientes con prevención primaria de muerte súbita al primer año de seguimiento fue 26,3%. La incidencia de terapia apropiada del cardiodesfibrilador postimplante en pacientes con prevención secundaria de muerte súbita al primer año de seguimiento fue 53%. La mitad de los pacientes postimplante de cardiodesfibrilador implantable como prevención primaria o secundaria presentaron terapias apropiadas durante el seguimiento a un año. Los pacientes que presentaron terapias inapropiadas durante el año de seguimiento posterior al primoimplante de cardiodesfibrilador fueron 36%. Conclusiones: la terapia posterior al implante de cardiodesfibrilador se presentó casi en la mitad de los pacientes, siendo más frecuente en prevención secundaria. Estos episodios se pueden presentar en diferentes patologías y pueden ser apropiados e inapropiados. Las complicaciones del procedimiento pueden ser agudas y crónicas.(MÉD.UIS. 2011;24(3):253-63).Palabras clave: Cardiodesfibrilador implantable. Muerte súbita. Prevención primaria. Prevención secundaria. Antitaquicardia. Choques &nbsp

A genome-wide association scan implicates DCHS2, RUNX2, GLI3, PAX1 and EDAR in human facial variation

We report a genome-wide association scan for facial features in B6,000 Latin Americans. We evaluated 14 traits on an ordinal scale and found significant association (P valueso5 10 8) at single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genomic regions for three nose-related traits: columella inclination (4q31), nose bridge breadth (6p21) and nose wing breadth (7p13 and 20p11). In a subsample of B3,000 individuals we obtained quantitative traits related to 9 of the ordinal phenotypes and, also, a measure of nasion position. Quantitative analyses confirmed the ordinal-based associations, identified SNPs in 2q12 associated to chin protrusion, and replicated the reported association of nasion position with SNPs in PAX3. Strongest association in 2q12, 4q31, 6p21 and 7p13 was observed for SNPs in the EDAR, DCHS2, RUNX2 and GLI3 genes, respectively. Associated SNPs in 20p11 extend to PAX1. Consistent with the effect of EDAR on chin protrusion, we documented alterations of mandible length in mice with modified Edar funtion

Guías colombianas de cardiología síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de muerte en los países industrializadosy en los países en vía de desarrollo. Dentro de estas patologías la enfermedad coronaria es la manifes-tación más prevalente y se asocia con alta mortalidad y morbilidad. Las presentaciones clínicas de laenfermedad coronaria isquémica incluyen, isquemia silente, angina de pecho estable, falla cardíaca,angina inestable, infarto agudo del miocardio y muerte súbita. En esta primera entrega se tratará elsíndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST que incluye la angina inestable y el infarto agudo delmiocardio sin elevación del ST.Q4121-27

Fully automatic landmarking of 2D photographs identifies novel genetic loci influencing facial features

We report a genome-wide association study for facial features in > 6,000 Latin Americans. We placed 106 landmarks on 2D frontal photographs using the cloud service platform Face++. After Procrustes superposition, genome-wide association testing was performed for 301 inter-landmark distances. We detected nominally significant association (P-value < 5×10− 8) for 42 genome regions. Of these, 9 regions have been previously reported in GWAS of facial features. In follow-up analyses, we replicated 26 of the 33 novel regions (in East Asians or Europeans). The replicated regions include 1q32.3, 3q21.1, 8p11.21, 10p11.1, and 22q12.1, all comprising strong candidate genes involved in craniofacial development. Furthermore, the 1q32.3 region shows evidence of introgression from archaic humans. These results provide novel biological insights into facial variation and establish that automatic landmarking of standard 2D photographs is a simple and informative approach for the genetic analysis of facial variation, suitable for the rapid analysis of large population samples.- Introduction - Results And Discussion -- Study sample and phenotyping -- Trait/covariate correlation and heritability -- Overview of GWAS results and integration with the literature -- Follow-up of genomic regions newly associated with facial features: Replication in two human cohorts -- Follow-up of genomic regions newly associated with facial features: effects in the mouse -- Genome annotations at associated loci - Conclusion - Methods -- Study subjects -- Genotype data -- Phenotyping -- Statistical genetic analysis -- Interaction of EDAR with other genes -- Expression analysis for significant SNPs -- Detection of archaic introgression near ATF3 and association with facial features -- Annotation of SNPs in FUMA -- Shape GWAS in outbred mic

Disentangling Signatures of Selection Before and After European Colonization in Latin Americans

Throughout human evolutionary history, large-scale migrations have led to intermixing (i.e., admixture) between previously separated human groups. Although classical and recent work have shown that studying admixture can yield novel historical insights, the extent to which this process contributed to adaptation remains underexplored. Here, we introduce a novel statistical model, specific to admixed populations, that identifies loci under selection while determining whether the selection likely occurred post-admixture or prior to admixture in one of the ancestral source populations. Through extensive simulations, we show that this method is able to detect selection, even in recently formed admixed populations, and to accurately differentiate between selection occurring in the ancestral or admixed population. We apply this method to genome-wide SNP data of ∼4,000 individuals in five admixed Latin American cohorts from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Our approach replicates previous reports of selection in the human leukocyte antigen region that are consistent with selection post-admixture. We also report novel signals of selection in genomic regions spanning 47 genes, reinforcing many of these signals with an alternative, commonly used local-ancestry-inference approach. These signals include several genes involved in immunity, which may reflect responses to endemic pathogens of the Americas and to the challenge of infectious disease brought by European contact. In addition, some of the strongest signals inferred to be under selection in the Native American ancestral groups of modern Latin Americans overlap with genes implicated in energy metabolism phenotypes, plausibly reflecting adaptations to novel dietary sources available in the Americas

A GWAS in Latin Americans identifies novel face shape loci, implicating VPS13B and a Denisovan introgressed region in facial variation

To characterize the genetic basis of facial features in Latin Americans, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of more than 6000 individuals using 59 landmark-based measurements from two-dimensional profile photographs and ~9,000,000 genotyped or imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We detected significant association of 32 traits with at least 1 (and up to 6) of 32 different genomic regions, more than doubling the number of robustly associated face morphology loci reported until now (from 11 to 23). These GWAS hits are strongly enriched in regulatory sequences active specifically during craniofacial development. The associated region in 1p12 includes a tract of archaic adaptive introgression, with a Denisovan haplotype common in Native Americans affecting particularly lip thickness. Among the nine previously unidentified face morphology loci we identified is the VPS13B gene region, and we show that variants in this region also affect midfacial morphology in mice

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049