Letter from Francis H. Jennings to James B. Finley

Jennings writes to Finley explaining why he did not take the Logan Circuit appointment assigned to him at Annual Conference. The circuit would have been too laborious for him in his state of health. Also, he could not find housing for his family. At this time, he will accept any appointment where his family can be adequately housed. Abstract Number - 184https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1182/thumbnail.jp

Biochemical and immunological studies on some helminth diseases of domestic animals

The work carried out in this thesis was concerned primarily with immunological studies on Fasciola hepatica infections using the rabbit as an experimental animal, and Dictyocaulus viviparus infections in the bovine. Experiments on the anaemia associated F. hepatica infections in the rabbit are also reported. The thesis is divided into four sections and the main results are summarised as follows: Section I Immunity studies on Fasciola hepatica. 1. Prior immunization of rabbits with the proteins of Fasciola hepatica resulted in a retardation in development of the parasites without a significant reduction in the numbers which developed from a challenge with 50 cercariae. The F. hepatica proteins were highly immunogenic as they elicited a marked antibody response in the sera of the immunized rabbits. 2. Prior immunization of rabbits with a polysaccharide fraction of F. hepatica resulted in one experiment in a significant reduction in the numbers of flukes but in a second experiment only in a retardation of development of the flukes. In both experiments the rabbits were challenged with 50 cercariae. Section II Studies on the anaemia produced in rabbits by Fasciola hepatica infections 3. A measurement of the amount of blood lost by fluke-infected rabbits was made using 32P-labelled red cells and 151I-labelled plasma albumin. The amount of blood present in the flukes was calculated by a comparison of their radioactivity with that of the circulating blood at the time of autopsy. The calculated blood loss per day was consistent with the observed degree of anaemia. 4. The simultaneous use of 32P-labelled red cells and 151I-labelled plasma albumin suggested that the flukes preferentially absorbed and/or retained 32P (labelled red cells) relative to 151I (labelled plasma albumin). 5. A preliminary experiment on the use of 51Cr-labelled red cells in estimating blood loss gave a higher value for blood loss per fluke than either 32P-labelled red cells or 151I-labelled plasma albumin. Section III Studies on Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in the bovine. 6. A study was made of the serological response and the degree of immunity in' calves resulting from primary and subsequent infections with the bovine lung-worm, Dictyocaulus viviparus. During the primary infection the level of complement fixing antibodies in the serum rose slowly and reached a peak after the bulk of the infection had been thrown off. At the second and third infection a typical secondary response was observed. Administration of the primary infection as a series of divided doses did not materially alter the serological response. The resulting immunity of both single and divided primary infections was very good. 7. Passive immunization of calves with serum from 'hyperimmune' donor animals resulted in a high degree of immunity when the calves were challenged with 4000 normal infective D. viviparus larvae. 8. Prior immunization of calves with whole worm antigens of D. viviparus did not produce a significant reduction in the numbers of worms which developed from a challenge infection with normal infective larvae. Section IV Studies on Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in the bovine. 9. Prior immunization of calves with D. viviparus larvae treated with a suitable dose of x-rays resulted in a very high degree of immunity. An immunization dose of 4000 larvae treated with 40,000r enabled calves to withstand a challenge of 4000 normal larvae. 10. Prior immunization of calves with 1000 D. viviparus larvae irradiated with 40,000r resulted in an acceptable degree of immunity without any marked clinical reaction during immunization. 11. The potential value of the irradiation method both in immunization against worm diseases and as an experimental tool in the study of helminth immunity is discussed, 12. An extension of this work has led to the first field vaccine against a parasitic worm

Structure of the sialylated L3 lipopolysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis.

The L3 immunotype lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Neisseria meningitidis was subjected to degradation procedures, which produced a number of different oligosaccharide fragments. The high resolution 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses of these oligosaccharides yielded structural information on a number of different regions of the LPS. For example, from one oligosaccharide, it was found that the endogenous sialylation of the meningococcal LPS occurs at O-3 of the terminal beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue of its lacto-N-neotetraose antenna in the alpha-D-configuration. From another, it was also established that the dominant structural feature responsible for L3 epitope specificity is the presence of a phosphorylethanolamine substituent at O-3 of the penultimate heptopyranosyl residue of its other antenna. In addition from information obtained with another oligosaccharide the structure of the 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid disaccharide region of the L3 LPS was also elucidated. From all the above cumulative data plus some published data, it was then possible to reconstruct the complete structure of the entire native L3 LPS

Preliminary results from an advanced lighting controls testbed

Abstract Preliminary results from a large-scale testbed of advanced lighting control technologies at the Phillip Burton Federal Building at 450 Golden Gate Ave. in San Francisco are presented. The first year objective of this project is to determine the sustainable energy savings and cost-effectiveness of different lighting control technologies compared to a portion of the building where only minimal controls are installed. The paper presents the analyzed results from six months of tests focused on accurately characterizing the energy savings potential of one type of daylight-linked lighting controls compared to the lighting in similar open-planned areas without dimming controls. After analyzing a half year's data, we determined that the annual energy savings for this type of daylightlinked controls was 41% and 30% for the outer rows of lights on the South and North sides of the building, respectively. The annual energy savings dropped to 22% and 16% for the second row of lights for the South and North, respectively, and was negligible for the third rows of lights

LBNL-47022 Occupancy and Time-Based Lighting Controls in Open Offices

Abstract We present analyses of two years' lighting data in open office areas, controlled by occupant sensors, time scheduling, or wall switches alone. We compare the energy savings using a before-after analysis of time scheduling and a conservative "moving baseline" analysis of both occupant sensing and time scheduling. We found that both techniques saved energy effectively when no occupants were present compared with wall switches alone. Time scheduling saved from 0.7 to 6.6% or an average of about 5%. Occupant sensors in similar areas saved from 9.0 to 14.6%, with an average of about 10%. False triggering of occupant sensors (by passersby) that would have caused energy waste was avoided by the presence of wall switches that positively turned lights off. Variations in occupant schedules and habits affected overall lighting energy use and the appropriateness of different control types. Little savings were found during the normal 8am to 5pm workday from either technology in large offices, but significant savings occurred after hours and on weekends. Our findings contrast with previous results for private offices in which only a single occupant is present, strengthening the evidence that different types of office space can be controlled appropriately with different types of control systems. However, small percentage savings in open areas result in larger actual savings due to the large number of fixtures controlled

Spherical collapse model in dark energy cosmologies

We study the spherical collapse model for several dark energy scenarios using the fully nonlinear differential equation for the evolution of the density contrast within homogeneous spherical overdensities derived from Newtonian hydrodynamics. While mathematically equivalent to the more common approach based on the differential equation for the radius of the perturbation, this approach has substantial conceptual as well as numerical advantages. Among the most important are that no singularities at early times appear, which avoids numerical problems in particular in applications to cosmologies with dynamical and early dark energy, and that the assumption of time-reversal symmetry can easily be dropped where it is not strictly satisfied. We use this approach to derive the two parameters characterising the spherical-collapse model, i.e.~the linear density threshold for collapse $\delta_\mathrm{c}$ and the virial overdensity $\Delta_\mathrm{V}$, for a broad variety of dark-energy models and to reconsider these parameters in cosmologies with early dark energy. We find that, independently of the model under investigation, $\delta_\mathrm{c}$ and $\Delta_\mathrm{V}$ are always very close to the values obtained for the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, arguing that the abundance of and the mean density within non-linear structures are quite insensitive to the differences between dark-energy cosmologies. Regarding early dark energy, we thus arrive at a different conclusion than some earlier papers, including one from our group, and we explain why.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publications on MNRA

Imprints of dark energy on cosmic structure formation: II) Non-Universality of the halo mass function

The universality of the halo mass function is investigated in the context of dark energy cosmologies. This widely used approximation assumes that the mass function can be expressed as a function of the matter density omega_m and the rms linear density fluctuation sigma only, with no explicit dependence on the properties of dark energy or redshift. In order to test this hypothesis we run a series of 15 high-resolution N-body simulations for different cosmological models. These consists of three LCDM cosmologies best fitting WMAP-1, 3 and 5 years data, and three toy-models characterized by a Ratra-Peebles quintessence potential with different slopes and amounts of dark energy density. These toy models have very different evolutionary histories at the background and linear level, but share the same sigma8 value. For each of these models we measure the mass function from catalogues of halos identified in the simulations using the Friend-of-Friend (FoF) algorithm. We find redshift dependent deviations from a universal behaviour, well above numerical uncertainties and of non-stochastic origin, which are correlated with the linear growth factor of the investigated cosmologies. Using the spherical collapse as guidance, we show that such deviations are caused by the cosmology dependence of the non-linear collapse and virialization process. For practical applications, we provide a fitting formula of the mass function accurate to 5 percents over the all range of investigated cosmologies. We also derive an empirical relation between the FoF linking parameter and the virial overdensity which can account for most of the deviations from an exact universal behavior. Overall these results suggest that the halo mass function contains unique cosmological information since it carries a fossil record of the past cosmic evolution.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables, published in MNRAS. Paper I: arXiv:0903.549

Learning disability today fourth edition: The essential handbook for support staff, service providers, families and carers

This fully revised and updated edition of Learning Disability Today provides an accessible and thought-provoking introduction to some of the key issues in the lives of people with learning disabilities and the practice of those who support them. Learning Disability Today was first published in 2007 to meet the need for a handbook which, while well-grounded in latest research and practice, was accessible for staff occupying many roles, such as support workers and managers in learning disability service settings, community learning disability teams and professionals who may find themselves supporting a person with an intellectual disability from time to time, families and voluntary supporters, as well as students of learning disability/intellectual disability. It has continued to be a highly successful title, and has been published in three previous editions over the past nine years. This new, fourth edition is a complete revision, aiming to address key knowledge requirements, challenges and concerns for people working in the field and provide opportunities for reflection and continuing professional development. The content is illustrated throughout by case studies to help the reader explore how best to address issues in practice