Intervención dietético-nutricional en la prevención de la deficiencia de hierro

En este artículo se expone evidencia científica sobre la anemia ferropénica fundamentalmente desde aspectos dietético-nutricionales que inciden en la biodisponibilidad del hierro de los alimentos. La anemia constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, padeciéndolo aproximadamente 2000 millones de personas y afectando fundamentalmente a lactantes, ancianos, adolescentes, mujeres en edad fértil y embarazadas. Como consecuencia de esta enfermedad, la capacidad para realizar trabajo físico, la inmunidad celular y la capacidad bactericida de los neutrófilos se ven sensiblemente alteradas. Además, la anemia puede producir: mayor susceptibilidad a infecciones, especialmente, del tracto respiratorio, disminución de la termogénesis en ambientes fríos, alteraciones funcionales del tubo digestivo, fallo en la movilización de la vitamina A hepática, disminución de la velocidad de crecimiento, alteraciones en el desarrollo mental y motor, menor transferencia de hierro al feto, mayor riesgo de parto prematuro o morbilidad perinatal, entre otras. Dentro de los factores que interfieren en la absorción del hierro, los dietéticos son de gran relevancia. Las proteínas cárnicas, ácidos orgánicos, la vitamina C y la A y los fructooligosacáridos (FOS), favorecen su absorción mientras que ciertas proteínas del huevo y de la leche, polifenoles, fitatos, fibra insoluble y minerales como el fósforo, calcio o el zinc, afectan negativamente a la biodisponibilidad del hierro. Las diferentes técnicas culinarias también pueden aumentar o disminuir la biodisponibilidad del hierro. La información recopilada sobre los factores favorecedores e inhibidores de la absorción del hierro, se ha utilizado para, a modo de conclusión, marcar unas pautas dietético-nutricionales para las personas que padecen o tienen predisposición a padecer anemia.This paper outlines the scientific evidence of iron deficiency anemia from dietary and nutritional issues that affect iron-bioavailability from food. Anemia is a worldwide public health problem, with about 2000 million people who suffer from it and mainly affects older infants, adolescents, women of childbearing age and pregnant women. As a consequence of this disease, alterations have been reported: in physical work capacity, cellular immunity and bactericidal capacity of neutrophils. Further more, an increased susceptibility to infections, specially respiratory tract, decreased thermogenesis in cold environments , functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, failure in the mobilization of liver vitamin A, decreased growth rate, impaired mental and motor development, less transfer of iron to the fetus, increased risk of preterm delivery, perinatal morbidity, and others. Among the factors that interfere with iron absorption, the diet is one of the most important. Meat proteins, organic acids, vitamin C and A and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), promote the absorption. While egg, milk proteins, polyphenols, phytates, fiber and minerals such as phosphorus, calcium or zinc affect negatively the ironbioavailability. The information collected about the stimulating factors and inhibitors of iron absorption has been used to, as a conclusion, make dietary and nutritional guidelines for those who are predisposed to suffer from anemia

Doñana. Acta vertebrata. vol 23 (1)

Variaciones geográfica y temporal en la dieta de la lechuza campestre (Asio flammeus) en EuropaVariaciones estacionales en la dieta de la lechuza común (Tyto alba) en dos nidos de diferente localizaciónDinámica anual de la comunidad de paseriformes en carrizales costeros del sudeste ibéricoSedentarismo, áreas de campeo y selección de microhábitats en el lagarto verdinegro Lacerta schreiberEstudio morfométrico y del crecimiento de Apodemus sylvaticus L., 1758 (Rodentia, Muridae) en el norte de la Península IbéricaLas Gaviotas patiamarillas (Larus cachinnans) de la colonia de las Islas Medes (NE de España) como posibles agentes transmisores de contaminación microbiana.Dieta de la garduña (Martes foina Erxlebeb, 1777) en una localidad de las sierras subbéticas de Granada (sureste de España)Situación del lince ibérico en la Sierra de GataNotas sobre la reproducción de una población semicautiva de tortuga mediterránea Testudo hermanni en Valencia (E, España)Peer reviewe

J-PLUS: The javalambre photometric local universe survey

ABSTRACT: TheJavalambrePhotometric Local UniverseSurvey (J-PLUS )isanongoing 12-band photometricopticalsurvey, observingthousands of squaredegrees of theNorthernHemispherefromthededicated JAST/T80 telescope at the Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre (OAJ). The T80Cam is a camera with a field of view of 2 deg2 mountedon a telescopewith a diameter of 83 cm, and isequippedwith a uniquesystem of filtersspanningtheentireopticalrange (3500–10 000 Å). Thisfiltersystemis a combination of broad-, medium-, and narrow-band filters, optimallydesigned to extracttherest-framespectralfeatures (the 3700–4000 Å Balmer break region, Hδ, Ca H+K, the G band, and the Mg b and Ca triplets) that are key to characterizingstellartypes and delivering a low-resolutionphotospectrumforeach pixel of theobservedsky. With a typicaldepth of AB ∼21.25 mag per band, thisfilter set thusallowsforanunbiased and accuratecharacterization of thestellarpopulation in our Galaxy, itprovidesanunprecedented 2D photospectralinformationforall resolved galaxies in the local Universe, as well as accuratephoto-z estimates (at the δ z/(1 + z)∼0.005–0.03 precisionlevel) formoderatelybright (up to r ∼ 20 mag) extragalacticsources. Whilesomenarrow-band filters are designedforthestudy of particular emissionfeatures ([O II]/λ3727, Hα/λ6563) up to z < 0.017, theyalsoprovidewell-definedwindowsfortheanalysis of otheremissionlines at higherredshifts. As a result, J-PLUS has thepotential to contribute to a widerange of fields in Astrophysics, both in thenearbyUniverse (MilkyWaystructure, globular clusters, 2D IFU-likestudies, stellarpopulations of nearby and moderate-redshiftgalaxies, clusters of galaxies) and at highredshifts (emission-line galaxies at z ≈ 0.77, 2.2, and 4.4, quasi-stellarobjects, etc.). Withthispaper, wereleasethefirst∼1000 deg2 of J-PLUS data, containingabout 4.3 millionstars and 3.0 milliongalaxies at r <  21mag. With a goal of 8500 deg2 forthe total J-PLUS footprint, thesenumbers are expected to rise to about 35 millionstars and 24 milliongalaxiesbytheend of thesurvey.Funding for the J-PLUS Project has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragón through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; under grants AYA2017-86274-P, AYA2016-77846-P, AYA2016-77237-C3-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789, AGAUR grant SGR-661/2017, and ICTS-2009-14), and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685

Intervención dietético-nutricional en la prevención de la deficiencia de hierro

En este artículo se expone evidencia científica sobre la anemia ferropénica fundamentalmente desde aspectos dietético-nutricionales que inciden en la biodisponibilidad del hierro de los alimentos. La anemia constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, padeciéndolo aproximadamente 2000 millones de personas y afectando fundamentalmente a lactantes, ancianos, adolescentes, mujeres en edad fértil y embarazadas. Como consecuencia de esta enfermedad, la capacidad para realizar trabajo físico, la inmunidad celular y la capacidad bactericida de los neutrófilos se ven sensiblemente alteradas. Además, la anemia puede producir: mayor susceptibilidad a infecciones, especialmente, del tracto respiratorio, disminución de la termogénesis en ambientes fríos, alteraciones funcionales del tubo digestivo, fallo en la movilización de la vitamina A hepática, disminución de la velocidad de crecimiento, alteraciones en el desarrollo mental y motor, menor transferencia de hierro al feto, mayor riesgo de parto prematuro o morbilidad perinatal, entre otras. Dentro de los factores que interfieren en la absorción del hierro, los dietéticos son de gran relevancia. Las proteínas cárnicas, ácidos orgánicos, la vitamina C y la A y los fructooligosacáridos (FOS), favorecen su absorción mientras que ciertas proteínas del huevo y de la leche, polifenoles, fitatos, fibra insoluble y minerales como el fósforo, calcio o el zinc, afectan negativamente a la biodisponibilidad del hierro. Las diferentes técnicas culinarias también pueden aumentar o disminuir la biodisponibilidad del hierro. La información recopilada sobre los factores favorecedores e inhibidores de la absorción del hierro, se ha utilizado para, a modo de conclusión, marcar unas pautas dietético-nutricionales para las personas que padecen o tienen predisposición a padecer anemia.This paper outlines the scientific evidence of iron deficiency anemia from dietary and nutritional issues that affect iron-bioavailability from food. Anemia is a worldwide public health problem, with about 2000 million people who suffer from it and mainly affects older infants, adolescents, women of childbearing age and pregnant women. As a consequence of this disease, alterations have been reported: in physical work capacity, cellular immunity and bactericidal capacity of neutrophils. Further more, an increased susceptibility to infections, specially respiratory tract, decreased thermogenesis in cold environments , functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, failure in the mobilization of liver vitamin A, decreased growth rate, impaired mental and motor development, less transfer of iron to the fetus, increased risk of preterm delivery, perinatal morbidity, and others. Among the factors that interfere with iron absorption, the diet is one of the most important. Meat proteins, organic acids, vitamin C and A and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), promote the absorption. While egg, milk proteins, polyphenols, phytates, fiber and minerals such as phosphorus, calcium or zinc affect negatively the ironbioavailability. The information collected about the stimulating factors and inhibitors of iron absorption has been used to, as a conclusion, make dietary and nutritional guidelines for those who are predisposed to suffer from anemia

Potential of using a nozzle at the compressor inlet of a high-speed direct-injection diesel engine

[EN] The present work reports the effect of a nozzle placed upstream of the compressor of a high-speed direct-injection diesel engine. It has been observed that mounting a nozzle at the compressor inlet can lead to a shift in the compressor surge line to lower mass flowrates. In order to study the effect of the nozzle on the engine performance a set of experimental investigations has been conducted including characterization of the nozzle alone using a flow test rig up to sonic conditions and characterization of the nozzle-compressor unit by determining its operation map in a turbocharger test bench. The distortions in the compressor inlet are usually considered as a disadvantage, as they affect the efficiency and the behaviour of the turbocharger. However, the comparison between the original compressor map (provided by the manufacturer) and the nozzle-compressor map given in the present paper shows that the change in the flow pattern caused by the nozzle improves the engine-turbocharger coupling and thus reduces the air mass flowrate, leading to a surge by 30 per cent, for a given pressure ratio. The improvement in turbocharging does not necessarily increase the performance of the engine. Nevertheless, the possibility of increasing the boost pressure allows elevated fuel flowrates to be applied while still maintaining the combustion efficiency, thus increasing the power of the engine. © 2011 Authors.Desantes, J.; Luján, JM.; Pla Moreno, B.; Soler Muniesa, JA. (2011). Potential of using a nozzle at the compressor inlet of a high-speed direct-injection diesel engine. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AU. 225(2):178-189. doi:10.1243/09544070JAUTO1429S178189225

Valoración pre-quirúrgica en pacientes ancianos candidatos a artroplastia total de rodilla: consulta externa de enfermería

Objetivo: Análisis descriptivo de los datos obtenidos en una consulta de enfermería en población geriátrica candidata a prótesis total de rodilla y su posible influencia en la consecución de una estancia media hospitalaria inferior a 10 días. Método: Revisión de 298 pacientes (abril 2005-julio 2005). Variables: edad, sexo, Barthel pre-quirúrgico, Indice de comorbilidad de Charlson, Escala de valoración cognitiva de Pfeiffer, Escala depresión geriátrica (GDS), número de consultas a Trabajador Social, estancia media del ingreso y destino al alta. Resultados: Población con edad media de 72 años; predominantemente femenina (4:1); Barthel pre-quirúrgico medio de 96; con baja comorbilidad (78% Charlson 0 y 1), poco riesgo de depresión (alrededor del 5% puntúan más de 5 en la GDS), poco deterioro cognitivo (5% entre leve y moderado). Un 40 % de los pacientes requirieron consulta y actuación de Trabajador Social antes de la cirugía. La estancia media hospitalaria fue de 9 días. Las altas fueron: 281 pacientes a domicilio, 16 pacientes a centro socio-sanitario y 1 paciente fue trasladado a otro servicio por complicación médica. Conclusiones: la información obtenida nos permite averiguar el perfil sanitario de nuestra población y la detección y tratamiento precoz de los posibles problemas relacionados con el momento del alta

Correlation between PET-CT and ct in the staging after the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: The aim of this study is to find out if a single imaging test is enough to follow-up on an oncological post-treatment patient. In such a case, we would know which was more valuable after comparing the two, by CT or PET-CT. Methods: Between January 2012 and July 2018, we collected data from all patients with previous medical history who were treated with a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in our hospital, through surgery or by using an organ preservation protocol which we had done. Patients were required to have a CT and a PET-CT performed in a maximum period of 30 days between techniques. We compared the post post-treatment stage given to each case by using only the physical examination (only the CT and the PET-CT), with the ones given by the Tumor Board. After treatment, we analysed the similarity through Cramer''s V statistic test. Results: We performed a comparative analysis, obtaining a correlation of 0.426 between the stages given by the Tumor Board and the one assigned based on physical examination, without imaging techniques. By only using the computed tomography as an imaging method the correlation was 0.565, whereas with only the use of positron emission computed technology, it was estimated at 0.858. When we compared the statistical association between stages using exclusively one of the two imaging techniques, the correlation was 0.451. Conclusion: Independent of the modality, we have demonstrated that in patients who have received previous treatment, there was a higher correlation in the stages with respect to the diagnostic method conducted by the Tumor Board using PET-CT as the sole image. Level of evidence: Level 1. © 2021 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facia

Correlation between positron emission tomography/computed tomography and computed tomography in the staging prior to the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the seventh most common malignant tumor. The advances in treatment have improved the global survival rates in the past years, although the prognosis is still grave. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the correlation between positron emission computed tomography and computed tomography at the time of staging a previously untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and to determine which of the two imaging techniques gives us more information at the time of initial diagnosis. Methods: Data from all patients diagnosed in our hospital of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by a biopsy of any location or unknown primary tumor was collected, between January 2012 and July 2017. In all cases, a computed tomography and a positron emission computed tomography scan were performed with a maximum of 30 days difference between them and patients had not received any prior treatment to staging. The stage given to each case was compared based solely on the physical examination, only on the computed tomography and only on the positron emission computed tomography, with respect to the stage given by the Tumor Board, observing the concordance obtained through Cramer''s V statistical test. Results: We performed a comparative analysis obtaining a correlation of 0.729 between the stage given by the Tumor Board and the one assigned based on the physical examination without imaging techniques. When only using computed tomography as an imaging method, the correlation was 0.848, whereas with only the use of positron emission computed tomography it was estimated at 0.957. When comparing the statistical association between staging using exclusively one of the two imaging techniques, correlation was 0.855. Conclusion: Positron emission computed tomography is useful for the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, improving the patient''s staging especially when detecting cervical and distant metastases. Therefore, we consider that the use of positron emission computed tomography for the staging of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a diagnostic test to be considered