Adaptación paramétrica de un sistema borroso mediante el filtro de Kalman extendido

La fase de modelado es fundamental tanto e n el proceso de análisis de un sistema dinámico como en el de diseño de un sistema de control. Esta fase es aún más crítica si se realiza en línea y l a única información que se posee del sistema proviene de datos de entrada-salida del mismo. En este trabajo se presenta un algoritmo para la adaptación paramétrica de un sistema borroso basado en el filtro de Kalman extendido, el cual permite obtener modelos precisos sin renunciar a la eficiencia computacional que caracteriza al filtro de Kalman, y que permite su aplicación en línea con el proceso

Impact of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Spanish university students: role of gender

During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to prevent the expansion of the disease. Spain was one of the countries with the strictest conditions, as outdoor physical activity was banned for nearly two months. This study aimed to analyse the changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Spanish university students before and during the confinement by COVID-19 with special focus on gender. We also analysed enjoyment, the tools used and motivation and impediments for doing physical activity. An online questionnaire, which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and certain 'ad hoc' questions, was designed. Students were recruited by distributing an invitation through the administrative channels of 16 universities and a total of 13,754 valid surveys were collected. Overall, university students reduced moderate (-29.5%) and vigorous (-18.3%) physical activity during the confinement and increased sedentary time (+52.7%). However, they spent more time on high intensity interval training (HIIT) (+18.2%) and mind-body activities (e.g., yoga) (+80.0%). Adaptation to the confinement, in terms of physical activity, was handled better by women than by men. These results will help design strategies for each gender to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour during confinement periods.This research was funded by the High Sports Council (Consejo Superior de Deportes, CSD) of the Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Government of Spain, grant number 45/UPB/20. A.E. is a recipient of a grant of the Basque Government (Eusko Jaurlaritza), grant number PRE_2019_1_0373. D.J.-P. is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-MINECO, grant number RYC-2014-16938

Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender

[EN] During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to prevent the expansion of the disease. Spain was one of the countries with the strictest conditions, as outdoor physical activity was banned for nearly two months. This study aimed to analyse the changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Spanish university students before and during the confinement by COVID-19 with special focus on gender. We also analysed enjoyment, the tools used and motivation and impediments for doing physical activity. An online questionnaire, which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and certain "ad hoc" questions, was designed. Students were recruited by distributing an invitation through the administrative channels of 16 universities and a total of 13,754 valid surveys were collected. Overall, university students reduced moderate (-29.5%) and vigorous (-18.3%) physical activity during the confinement and increased sedentary time (+52.7%). However, they spent more time on high intensity interval training (HIIT) (+18.2%) and mind-body activities (e.g., yoga) (+80.0%). Adaptation to the confinement, in terms of physical activity, was handled better by women than by men. These results will help design strategies for each gender to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour during confinement periods.S

Shrike predation on the lizard Mesalina adramitana in Qatar; a review of reported reptile and amphibian prey

We report, for the first time, evidence of predation by a shrike (Lanius sp.) on the lizard Mesalina adramitana. This is the first record of predation by shrikes on lizards in Qatar. Whilst we did not directly observe the event, the presence of shrikes in the area and the method of impalement indicate shrikes as the predator. The lizard was found freshly impaled on a palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera), at 150 cm above ground. Bird species of the genus Lanius are well-known predators of lizards, and in arid environments reptiles are likely common prey for these birds. We provide a review of literature concerning predatory events by shrikes on reptiles and amphibians. We suggest inspection of shrubs for animals impaled by shrikes can improve biodiversity inventories, complementing other commonly used methods

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Seguimiento de las guías españolas para el manejo del asma por el médico de atención primaria: un estudio observacional ambispectivo

Objetivo Evaluar el grado de seguimiento de las recomendaciones de las versiones de la Guía española para el manejo del asma (GEMA 2009 y 2015) y su repercusión en el control de la enfermedad. Material y métodos Estudio observacional y ambispectivo realizado entre septiembre del 2015 y abril del 2016, en el que participaron 314 médicos de atención primaria y 2.864 pacientes. Resultados Utilizando datos retrospectivos, 81 de los 314 médicos (25, 8% [IC del 95%, 21, 3 a 30, 9]) comunicaron seguir las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2009. Al inicio del estudio, 88 de los 314 médicos (28, 0% [IC del 95%, 23, 4 a 33, 2]) seguían las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015. El tener un asma mal controlada (OR 0, 19, IC del 95%, 0, 13 a 0, 28) y presentar un asma persistente grave al inicio del estudio (OR 0, 20, IC del 95%, 0, 12 a 0, 34) se asociaron negativamente con tener un asma bien controlada al final del seguimiento. Por el contrario, el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015 se asoció de manera positiva con una mayor posibilidad de que el paciente tuviera un asma bien controlada al final del periodo de seguimiento (OR 1, 70, IC del 95%, 1, 40 a 2, 06). Conclusiones El escaso seguimiento de las guías clínicas para el manejo del asma constituye un problema común entre los médicos de atención primaria. Un seguimiento de estas guías se asocia con un control mejor del asma. Existe la necesidad de actuaciones que puedan mejorar el seguimiento por parte de los médicos de atención primaria de las guías para el manejo del asma. Objective: To assess the degree of compliance with the recommendations of the 2009 and 2015 versions of the Spanish guidelines for managing asthma (Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma [GEMA]) and the effect of this compliance on controlling the disease. Material and methods: We conducted an observational ambispective study between September 2015 and April 2016 in which 314 primary care physicians and 2864 patients participated. Results: Using retrospective data, we found that 81 of the 314 physicians (25.8%; 95% CI 21.3–30.9) stated that they complied with the GEMA2009 recommendations. At the start of the study, 88 of the 314 physicians (28.0%; 95% CI 23.4–33.2) complied with the GEMA2015 recommendations. Poorly controlled asthma (OR, 0.19; 95% CI 0.13–0.28) and persistent severe asthma at the start of the study (OR, 0.20; 95% CI 0.12–0.34) were negatively associated with having well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up. In contrast, compliance with the GEMA2015 recommendations was positively associated with a greater likelihood that the patient would have well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up (OR, 1.70; 95% CI 1.40–2.06). Conclusions: Low compliance with the clinical guidelines for managing asthma is a common problem among primary care physicians. Compliance with these guidelines is associated with better asthma control. Actions need to be taken to improve primary care physician compliance with the asthma management guidelines

El equilibrio entre actividades interactivas y no interactivas de los profesores universitarios

17 pages, 3 tables.[EN] We develop a model of individual choice in which faculty member maximises a utility function. We find an interior optimum of interactive effort that depends on parameters of the utility function, wage, net revenue from interactive activities, relative weight given to interactive activities in the determination of prestige and knowledge contribution by interactive activities. The model is tested econometrically by using a sample of 380 university professors from the Valencian Community, a Spanish region. Individuals respond to nonmonetary rather than monetary incentives and to the difficulty of producing non-interactive rather than interactive knowledge. We detect the possible existence of rationing, since optimum effort and real interaction depend on different variables. Policy initiatives may see the promotion (or disincentive) of university-industry interaction as a medium-long term target rather than a short-term one and may be aware of situations arising from rationing.[ES] Se desarrolla un modelo económico de elección individual en el que el profesor universitario maximiza una función de utilidad. Se obtiene un óptimo interior de esfuerzo interactivo que depende de los parámetros de la función de utilidad, el salario, los ingresos derivados de las actividades interactivas, su ponderación en la determinación del prestigio y su contribución al conocimiento. El modelo se contrasta econométricamente utilizando una muestra de 380 profesores de la Comunidad Valenciana, una región española. El profesor responde más a incentivos no monetarios que a monetarios y a la dificultad de producir conocimiento no interactivo frente a interactivo. Además, es posible la existencia de racionamiento, ya que la interacción deseada y la real difieren. Las iniciativas de política podrían plantearse la acción sobre la interacción universidad-empresa como un objetivo a largo plazo y la detección de situaciones que se derivan de un posible racionamiento.Peer reviewe

The allocation of effort to university- industry interactive activities by faculty members: a theoretical and empirical approach

8 pages, 4 tablesWe develop a model of individual choice in which faculty member is the rational agent and maximises a utility function. We find an interior optimum of interactive effort that depends on parameters of the utility function, wage, net revenue from a unit of knowledge produced by interactive activities, relative weight given to interactive vs. non-interactive activities in the determination of prestige and knowledge contribution by unit of time allocated to each activity. The model is tested by using a sample of 380 university professors from the Valencian Community, a Spanish region. We use censored and discrete choice econometric models to estimate an equation for the optimum effort allocated to interactive activities and another one for the real interaction. We conclude, first, that interaction activities could be explained by a maximising utility model and that individual responds to non-monetary rather than monetary incentives and to the difficulty of producing non-interactive rather than interactive knowledge. Second, we detect the possible existence of rationing, since optimum effort and real interaction depend on different variables. This is possibly an idiosyncrasy of our sample, coming from a region with low absorptive capacity. Policy initiatives may see the promotion (or disincentive) of university-industry interaction as a mediumlong term target rather than a short-term one and may be aware of situations arising from rationing.Peer reviewe

Renewable Natural Resources and Endogenous Growth

We study a two-sector endogenous growth model where a single consumption good is obtained using a renewable resource in combination with physical capital. Both inputs are essential for production and technical substitutes. In this context we analyze the issues of sustainability, long-run and short-run growth as well as convergence, associated with the competitive equilibrium solution trajectories. We show that efficiency, long-run growth and sustainability are both compatible in a natural resource based production economy

Demographic Transition, Environmental Concern and the Kuznets Curve

In an endogenous growth model with pollution and abatement we characterize the socially optimal solution. We find that the rate of growth depends negatively on the weight of environmental care in utility and positively on the population growth rate. We also find a trade-off between growth and environmental quality beyond which an environmental Kuznets curve is derived in the long term. This one emerges fromthe implications of the demographic transition for the rate of population growth, and the accompanying variation in the willingness to pay for environmental quality as the economy develops