Association of Endothelin-I and A symmetric Dimethylarginine Levels with Insulin Resistance in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

ببتيد الاندوثلين يعد واحداً من اقوى قابضات الاوعية التى تفرز من خلايا بطانة الاوعية الدموية عند حاجة الخلية اليها. كما اشارت العديد من الدراسات الى ارتفاع مستوى ببتيد الاندوثلين بدرجة كبيرة لدى مرضى السكرى من النوع الثانى ومرحلة مقاومة الانسولين مما دفع الى الاعتقاد بوجود علاقة وطيدة بين ارتفاع هذا الببتيد وبين تفاقم ومضاعفات مرض السكرى والتى تتمثل بمخاطر الجلطات و الامراض القلبية ومشاكل الكلى والعيون والقدم السكرية. بما ان مقاومة الانسولين تعد حالة خاصة وهى خليط من مرض السكرى قبل وبعد الاصابة به مع تطور المضاعفات المصاحبه للمرض فأن عوامل الخطورة المتضمنة وراء الحالة دفعتنا الى ايجاد علاقة مباشرة بين ببتيد الاندوثيلين ومقاومة الانسولين من جهة وبين الاندوثلين و ادما ADMA مع مقاومة الانسولين من جهة اخرى. لهاذا الغرض اخذت 73 عينة دم لاشخاص تتراوح اعمارهم بين 40-60 (35 منهم اصحاء وغير مصابين بأى من الامراض المزمنة والكتلة الجسمية لديهم اقل من 25 و 38 منهم مصابين بمرض السكرى والكتلة الجسمية لديهم اكبر من 30) وتم قياس كل من الإندوثلين٬ اليوروتينسن٬  الأنسولين٬ وثنائي ميثيل أرجينين غير المتماثل٬ وغيرها من القياسات, كما وتم اجراء العديد من الفحوصات المختبرية لتاكيد كل حالة وعلاقتها بالسكرى. كما لوحظ ارتفاع مستوى كل من الإندوثلين وثنائي ميثيل أرجينين غير المتماثل فى مرضى السكري كما أن النتائج الإحصائية أشارت إلى وجود علاقة بين الإندوثلين و يوروتينسين٬ وتقييم نموذج التماثل الساكن لمقاومة الأنسولين (HOMA-IR)٬ ومعدل السكر التراكمى٬ وأن ثنائي ميثيل أرجينين غير المتماثل والإندوثلين يمكن اعتبارهم دلالات لمقاومات الأنسولين ودلالات لأمراض القلب. أما بالنسبة لتحليل الانحدار المتعدد فأن كل من نموذج التماثل الساكن لمقاومة الأنسولين ٬ والسكر التراكمى٬ واليوروتينسين٬  ومعدل الضغط الشريانى ترتفع بارتفاع مستوى الإندوثلين بطريقة غير مباشرة. نستنتج من البحث وجود علاقة طردية بين زيادة الإندوثلين وثنائي ميثيل أرجينين غير المتماثل مع مقاومة الأنسولين. ويمكن الاستفادة من هذه العلاقة لايجاد آليات وهيكلة تطور مرض السكري إلى أمراض القلب وغيرها من الأمراض المزمنة. Endothelin-I (ET-I) is one of the potent vasoconstrictors secreted from endothelial cells when needed. Many studies revealed the elevation of serum ET-I with human diabetes and microangiopathies. Since insulin resistance is a case of mixed diabetic and pre-diabetic cases, many risk factors beyond obesity and inflammation are proposed. The current study aims to demonstrate the association between serum ET-I and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sera of 73 subjects were enrolled currently (control= 35 subjects, and 38 with T2DM for more than 7 years), aged (40-60) years old, with distinct body mass index (BMI) ≤ 25 for control volunteers and (BMI) ≥ 25 for obesity and diabetes patients. Peripheral serum ET-I and ADMA levels were significantly (P≤ 0.0001) higher in T2DM than the control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis regarded ET-I and ADMA as good markers for T2DM disease and insulin resistance, correlations between ET-I and anthropometrics revealed a strong increase of urotensin-II (UII), ADMA, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) with an increase of ET-I. These results are supported by the data of multiple regression analysis, showing that HOMA-IR, HbA1C, UII, BMI, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are related to ET-I independently. The endothelin-I and ADMA had a positive relationship with increase insulin resistance and may serve as prognostic and diagnostic clinical biomarkers of insulin resistance. Collectively, Therefore, these measurements could evaluate the incidence of DM, and help to better rise up the knowledge about the progression of DM complications

Correlation Between Plasma Endothelin-1, Blood Glucose and Serum Calcium in Male Rats Instillated with Bleomycin

Endothelin-1 is profibrotic by stimulating fibroblast replication, migration, contraction, collagen synthesis and secretion while decreasing collagen degradation.In the present study,20male rats weighing 240 grams and 10-12 weeks old were utilized.Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single instillation of bleomycin (90 mg/kg).After 7 days of instillation, elevated plasma ET-1 was considered as bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis. High dose of bleomycin instillation caused significant increase in plasma ET-1as compared with normal saline instillation. Blood glucose and serum calcium were also markedly elevated. Statistical analysis using Pearson coefficient of correlation revealed that there was a positive relationship between plasma ET-1 and blood sugar (r=0.7). The same correlation was detected between plasma ET-1 and serum calcium (r=0.7).The present study concluded thatthere is a strong correlation between plasma ET-1 and blood glucose and it may be due to decreaseof insulinsensitivity, and inhibits β-cells to release insulin .In addition,the role of calcium ions cannot be excluded in raising blood glucose by ET-1

Chemical composition of essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus maculata grown in Tanzania

This study examined the chemical composition of essential oil from the leaves of Eucalyptus maculata and Eucalyptus globulus found in Tanzania. The chemical composition of essential oils of other species viz. E. saligna, E. citriodora and E. camaldulensis has been described, but due to low abundance of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus maculata the composition of these plants grown in different parts of Tanzania are unknown. The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and was analyzed for various chemical compositions using GC–MS. The major identified compounds in the leaf essential oil of E. maculata were Eucalyptol (54.29%), p-cymene (10.10%), α-pinene (7.78%), β-myrcene (7.78%), γ-terpinene (1.73%) and citronellal (1.62%); while Eucalyptol (51.62%), α-pinene (23.62%), p-cymene (10%), β-myrcene (8.74%), Terpinen-4-ol (2.74%) and γ-terpinene (2.59%) were the major compounds for E. globulus

Assessing the impact of advertisement towards Malay consumers: An empirical study of fast food restaurants in Malaysia

The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers’ views on fast food restaurants advertisement. Data were collected by using convenient sampling method from Klang Valley area in Malaysia. The result of the research shows that customers’ are more influenced by internet advertisement followed by commercial advertising and print advertisement. The findings suggested some significant of implications which will help advertisers to create better fast food restaurant advertisements. For example, managers can change their slogans based on current situations which will help them to prepare on create suitable advertising for customers

Effect of COVID-19 on cardiac electrophysiology practice: a systematic review of literature

The authors conducted a systematic review on the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on electrophysiology (EP) practice and procedure volume in various settings. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase were examined with combinations of medical subject headings terms for identification of the relevant studies. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant, and ineligible studies, 23 studies were included for full qualitative analysis. The overall study-level volume reduction of EP procedures ranged from 8 to 96.7%. All studies reported an overall reduction in EP physiology procedures being carried out except one in Poland, which reported an overall increase in the total EP procedures carried out in 2020. This study still reported a decrease in EP procedure volume during the first lockdown phase. Procedural volume reduction was seen most commonly for cardiovascular implantable electronic device placement (20/23 studies, 86.9%), electrophysiology studies (11/23 studies, 47.8%), and ablations (9/23, 39.1% studies). The most common reason stated for the observed decline in EP procedures was the cancellation and postponement of nonurgent elective cases in the hospitals (15/23 studies, 65.2%). There has been an overall reduction in EP procedure volume across different centers. The impact of the decline in EP procedures will be seen only after the services resume to prepandemic levels, but an increase in-patient volume and procedure waiting time is expected. This review will provide insights into improving healthcare service delivery in times of unprecedented public health emergencies. </p

Effect of COVID-19 on cardiac electrophysiology practice: a systematic review of literature

The authors conducted a systematic review on the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on electrophysiology (EP) practice and procedure volume in various settings. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase were examined with combinations of medical subject headings terms for identification of the relevant studies. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant, and ineligible studies, 23 studies were included for full qualitative analysis. The overall study-level volume reduction of EP procedures ranged from 8 to 96.7%. All studies reported an overall reduction in EP physiology procedures being carried out except one in Poland, which reported an overall increase in the total EP procedures carried out in 2020. This study still reported a decrease in EP procedure volume during the first lockdown phase. Procedural volume reduction was seen most commonly for cardiovascular implantable electronic device placement (20/23 studies, 86.9%), electrophysiology studies (11/23 studies, 47.8%), and ablations (9/23, 39.1% studies). The most common reason stated for the observed decline in EP procedures was the cancellation and postponement of nonurgent elective cases in the hospitals (15/23 studies, 65.2%). There has been an overall reduction in EP procedure volume across different centers. The impact of the decline in EP procedures will be seen only after the services resume to prepandemic levels, but an increase in-patient volume and procedure waiting time is expected. This review will provide insights into improving healthcare service delivery in times of unprecedented public health emergencies. </p

Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations

Clinical gingival inflammation is a well-defined site-specific condition for which several measurement systems have been proposed and validated, and epidemiological studies consistently indicate its high prevalence globally. However, it is clear that defining and grading a gingival inflammatory condition at a site level (i.e. a "gingivitis site") is completely different from defining and grading a "gingivitis case" (GC) (i.e. a patient affected by gingivitis), and that a "gingivitis site" does not necessarily mean a "GC". The purpose of the present review is to summarize the evidence on clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, genetic markers as well as symptoms associated with plaque-induced gingivitis and to propose a set of criteria to define GC