Producción de polen en un matorral del Sur de España

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Perceptual learning in flavor preference conditioning: restricting generalization of acquired preferences between flavors

Two experiments with rats investigated perceptual learning using a conditioned preference procedure. Experiment 1 used a between-subject procedure in which rats received either intermixed preexposure (AX, BX, AX, BX…) or blocked preexposure (AX, AX…, BX, BX…) to flavor compounds before a conditioned preference was established to AX by pairing it with sucrose. During a test, rats given intermixed preexposure showed a greater preference for AX over BX than those given blocked preexposure. Experiment 2 showed that after intermixed preexposure to AX and BX, and a block of preexposure to CX, a preference established to AX was less likely to generalize to BX than to CX. These results represent the first demonstration of the impact of the schedule of preexposure on perceptual learning using a flavor preference procedure, and they parallel those previously observed using flavor aversion procedures

Human pressures on two estuaries of the Iberian Peninsula are reflected in food web structure

As a result of the increased urban and agricultural development in coastal environments, estuaries are among the most modified and threatened aquatic ecosystems. This study used stable isotopes to examine the effects of human impacts by contrasting the food web structures of two Iberian estuaries exposed to different degrees of human pressure. More complex feeding pathways were found in the more altered estuary (Guadalquivir). Greater spread among species along the carbon axis suggests that the primary consumers exploit organic matter with various origins, whereas different nitrogen signals of the secondary consumers suggest that they feed on different suites of prey. In contrast, the similar isotopic signals of secondary consumers in the relatively little influenced estuary (Guadiana) suggests similarity in diet composition and feeding on the same organic matter sources. Understanding trophic interactions in estuaries is vital for defining proper management and conservation, and the preliminary data provided here are one step in this direction

Digital storytelling using videos in early childhood education

Este artículo pretende presentar las experiencias desarrolladas en varios cursos académicos entre el alumnado de 2º de Magisterio de Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Murcia (España) y niños y niñas de Educación Infantil del CEIP Cierva Peñafiel (Murcia, España) en torno a la elaboración de storytelling digital a través de vídeos en el marco de un proyecto telecolaborativo. Partiendo de la metodología del aprendizaje por tareas, el alumnado universitario ha tenido que diseñar un storytelling de manera grupal haciendo uso del vídeo. Las historias se plantean a partir de una temática general propuesta por el alumnado de Educación Infantil, que al mismo tiempo también elaboran su historia digital. Todos los recursos son publicados en Internet y difundidos a través de las redes sociales. La experiencia ha sido valorada positivamente por el alumnado, en relación a las competencias técnicas y pedagógicas que se desarrollan en la misma.This article aims to present the experiences developed in several academic years between Early Childhood Education students (University of Murcia. Spain) and children from Cierva Peñafiel school (Murcia. Spain). The goal of this experience is the development of digital storytelling using videos as a part of a tellecolaborative project. Based on the methodology of task-centered learning, university students have to design storytelling (in groups) with video. The stories arise from a general topic proposed by schoolchildren. All resources are published online and disseminated through social networks. The experience has been highly valued by students in relation to the technical and pedagogical skills they developed inside this collaborative project

Beneficial effect of shikonin on experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in Balb/C mice.

The naphthoquinone shikonin, a major component of the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, now is studied as an antiinflammatory agent in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Acute UC was induced in Balb/Cmice by oral administration of 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The disease activity index was evaluated, and a histologic study was carried out. Orally administered shikonin reduces induced UC in a dose-dependent manner, preventing the shortening of the colorectum and decreasing weight loss by 5% while improving the appearance of feces and preventing bloody stools. The disease activity index score was much lower in shikonin-treated mice than in the colitic group, as well as the myeloperoxidase activity. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was reduced by 75%, activation of NF-κB was reduced by 44%, and that of pSTAT-3 by 47%, as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production. Similar results were obtained in primary macrophages culture. This is the first report of shikonin¿s ability to attenuate acute UC induced by DSS. Shikonin acts by blocking the activation of two major targets: NF-κB and STAT-3, and thus constitutes a promising potential therapeutic agent for the management of the inflammatory bowel disease

Reformulating Pro-Oxidant Microglia in Neurodegeneration

In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are central events. Recent genome-wide transcriptomic analyses of microglial cells under different disease conditions have uncovered a new subpopulation named disease-associated microglia (DAM). These studies have challenged the classical view of the microglia polarization state's proinflammatory M1 (classical activation) and immunosuppressive M2 (alternative activation). Molecular signatures of DAM and proinflammatory microglia (highly pro-oxidant) have shown clear differences, yet a partial overlapping gene profile is evident between both phenotypes. The switch activation of homeostatic microglia into reactive microglia relies on the selective activation of key surface receptors involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis (a.k.a. pattern recognition receptors, PRRs). Two relevant PRRs are toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), whose selective activation is believed to generate either a proinflammatory or a DAM phenotype, respectively. However, the recent identification of endogenous disease-related ligands, which bind to and activate both TLRs and TREM2, anticipates the existence of rather complex microglia responses. Examples of potential endogenous dual ligands include amyloid β, galectin-3, and apolipoprotein E. These pleiotropic ligands induce a microglia polarization that is more complicated than initially expected, suggesting the possibility that different microglia subtypes may coexist. This review highlights the main microglia polarization states under disease conditions and their leading role orchestrating oxidative stress

Subtipado molecular del cáncer de mama masculino con PAM50: Correlación con el subtipaje inmunohistoquímico y estudio de supervivencia.

Introducción: El cáncer de mama masculino es una enfermedad rara aún poco conocida, que principalmente corresponde a subtipo luminal usando la clasificación molecular subrogada a inmunohistoquímica. En este estudio, se evalúa por primera vez la correlación entre los subtipos moleculares basados en un panel inmunohistoquímico de seis marcadores y el obtenido mediante la firma PAM50 en el cáncer de mama masculino, así como la evolución clínica de los diferentes subtipos encontrados. Material y métodos: Se recogieron 67 muestras quirúrgicas de cáncer de mama masculino invasivo de cuatro diferentes Servicios de Anatomía Patológica. La tinción inmunohistoquímica se realizó sobre tissue-microarrays, con un panel de seis marcadores (RE, RP, Her2, Ki67, CK 5-6 y EGFR). Los subtipos de PAM50 se determinaron mediante nCounter Analysis System. Se estudió la asociación entre los subtipos obtenidos mediante inmunohistoquímica y los determinados por PAM50, así como la supervivencia global y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad en los diferentes subtipos de cada clasificación. Resultados: La distribución de los subtipos moleculares tumorales según PAM50 fue: 60% luminal B, 30% luminal A y 10% Her2-enriched. Sólo uno de los tumores Her2-enriched también fue detectado por inmunohistoquímica y tratado con trastuzumab. No se obtuvo ningún tumor de subtipo basal-like. Utilizando la clasificación inmunohistoquímica, 51% de los tumores fueron luminal B, 43% luminal A, 3,5% triple negativo y 1,5% Her2-positivo. Las características clínico-patológicas no difirieron significativamente entre los subtipos inmunohistoquímicos y PAM50. Se observó una supervivencia global menor en los tumores Her2-enriched comparados con los luminales. Conclusión: El cáncer de mama masculino es principalmente una enfermedad genómica luminal con un predominio del subtipo luminal B. Además, se observaron casos de pacientes Her2-negativos por inmunohistoquímica, pero de perfil Her2-enriched por PAM50, con peor evolución clínica comparado con el subtipo luminal, que podrían haberse beneficiado de terapia anti-Her2.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

FREEZING AND SHELF LIFE OF SWEET POTATO AND CITRON BARS

FREEZING AND SHELF LIFE OF SWEET POTATO AND CITRON BAR

Propuesta de intervención psicopedagógica en resiliencia con hijas e hijos de víctimas de violencia de género

Ante la preocupación actual y personal sobre la violencia de género como principal obstáculo en el camino hacia la plena igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, este trabajo se centrará en la intervención con las personas que sufren este tipo de violencia. Una de las debilidades encontradas en esta meta global, es la atención que se presta a las niñas y niños que viven esta violencia en sus hogares. Por ello, este trabajo se apoya en documentación relevante sobre la violencia de género, con el fin de comprender las consecuencias de la convivencia de los menores en un contexto familiar de violencia de género, tratarlos como un colectivo en el que existen una serie de necesidades a analizar y encontrar recursos y herramientas que les ayuden a su recuperación y su continuidad vital de una forma sana y positiva. En el camino, se verá como la promoción de la Resiliencia es una de las formas más completas para poder intervenir en sus necesidades y abrir diversas vías para continuar con su vida, sin que el trauma condicione su desarrollo. Con esta fundamentación como base, se propone una intervención a través de un programa, que por su variabilidad, puede llegar a un gran grupo de niñas y niños y por su generalidad permite amoldarse a las necesidades individuales de cada grupo y de cada niña y niño.Because of the current concern about gender-based violence as the main obstacle on the way to full equality between men and women. This work focuses of the intervention with all those suffering this type of violence. One of the weak points found in this global goal is the attention paid to those girls and boys who experience this type of violence in their homes. Therefore, this End-of-Master’s Project collects relevant documentation on gender-based violence in order to reach its the consequences in those children, to treat them as a group in which there are a series of specific needs and finally to analyze and find resources and tools that help minors to their recovery and to ensure the continuity of their lives in a healthy and positive way Along the way, it will see how the promotion of Resilience is one of the most complete ways to intervene directly in those children’s needs and helps to create other open diverse paths to support themselves in order to continue with their life without trauma conditions their development. With this basis and foundation, this project proposes an intervention through an action plan that, due to its variability, can reach a large group of children and, due to its general nature, allows to be adapted to the individual needs of each group and of each child.Departamento de PsicologíaMáster en Psicopedagogí