Retrospektive Analyse der Präsenz von braunem Fettgewebe bei 4852 FDG-PET/CT-Untersuchungen in Beziehung zu Alter, Geschlecht, Body-Mass-Index und Blutglukosespiegel der untersuchten Patienten

Braunes Fettgewebe ist ein metabolisch aktives Gewebe, das im aktivierten Zustand im PET/CT dargestellt werden kann. Ziel der Arbeit war es, herauszufinden, welcher Anteil der im PET/CT mit FDG untersuchten Patienten aktives BAT hat und welchen Zusammenhang es zwischen aktivem BAT und dem Alter, dem Geschlecht, dem BMI, dem Blutglukosespiegel und der Umgebungstemperatur gibt. In der Radiologischen Klinik der Universitätsklinik Tübingen sind von August 2004 bis September 2009 4852 PET/CT-Untersuchungen durchgeführt worden, aus denen 3219 Untersuchungen selektiert und visuell auf das Vorhandensein von BAT ausgewertet worden sind. Signifikanzen sind für die Parameter Geschlecht, Alter, BMI, Blutglukosespiegel und Außentemperatur berechnet und im multivariaten Modell analysiert worden. Bei 5,5 % der Patienten ist aktives BAT gefunden worden. Das Durchschnittsalter der BAT positiven Patienten ist mit 40,2 Jahren hochsignifikant geringer, als das Durchschnittsalter der BAT negativen Patienten mit 58,4 Jahren (p < 0,0001). Der Anteil der weiblichen BAT positiven Patienten ist mit 67 % im Vergleich zum Anteil der BAT positiven männlichen Patienten (33 %) statistisch hochsignifikant erhöht (p < 0,0001). Der durchschnittliche BMI der BAT positiven Patienten ist mit 22,3 ebenfalls hochsignifikant geringer als der BMI der BAT negativen Patienten mit 25,5 (p < 0,0001). Die durchschnittlichen Blutzuckerwerte liegen bei den BAT positiven Patienten bei 91,6 mg/dl und sind signifikant geringer als die der BAT negativen Patienten (p < 0,0252). Bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen ist die Inzidenz von BAT am höchsten. Die multivariate Analyse bestätigt, dass alle genannten Faktoren unabhängig voneinander einen Einfluss auf BAT haben. Demzufolge ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, aktives BAT zu haben, bei Frauen höher als bei Männern und reziprok zum Alter und zur Außentemperatur. Ein geringerer BMI und geringere Blutglukosewerte wirken sich positiv auf die Präsenz von aktivem BAT aus. BAT kann durch verschiedene Stimuli wie Kälteexposition oder Medikamente aktiviert oder inaktiviert werden, was in Zukunft bei der Prävention und Behandlung von Übergewicht und den damit assoziierten metabolischen Erkrankungen genutzt werden kann

Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

BackgroundGestational weight gain differs according to pre-pregnancy body mass index and is related to the risks of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Gestational weight gain charts for women in different pre-pregnancy body mass index groups enable identification of women and offspring at risk for adverse health outcomes. We aimed to construct gestational weight gain reference charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2 and 3 obese women and to compare these charts with those obtained in women with uncomplicated term pregnancies.MethodsWe used individual participant data from 218,216 pregnant women participating in 33 cohorts from Europe, North America, and Oceania. Of these women, 9065 (4.2%), 148,697 (68.1%), 42,678 (19.6%), 13,084 (6.0%), 3597 (1.6%), and 1095 (0.5%) were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. A total of 138, 517 women from 26 cohorts had pregnancies with no hypertensive or diabetic disorders and with term deliveries of appropriate for gestational age at birth infants. Gestational weight gain charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grade 1, 2, and 3 obese women were derived by the Box-Cox t method using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape.ResultsWe observed that gestational weight gain strongly differed per maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index group. The median (interquartile range) gestational weight gain at 40weeks was 14.2kg (11.4-17.4) for underweight women, 14.5kg (11.5-17.7) for normal weight women, 13.9kg (10.1-17.9) for overweight women, and 11.2kg (7.0-15.7), 8.7kg (4.3-13.4) and 6.3kg (1.9-11.1) for grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. The rate of weight gain was lower in the first half than in the second half of pregnancy. No differences in the patterns of weight gain were observed between cohorts or countries. Similar weight gain patterns were observed in mothers without pregnancy complications.ConclusionsGestational weight gain patterns are strongly related to pre-pregnancy body mass index. The derived charts can be used to assess gestational weight gain in etiological research and as a monitoring tool for weight gain during pregnancy in clinical practice.Peer reviewe

Dielectric relaxation in ytterbium- and lead-doped calcium fluoride crystals

YbF3-doped and 1 mol% PbF2 co-doped CaF2 crystals were grown by vertical Bridgman method using a shaped graphite furnace in vacuum. Dielectric spectra and optical absorption spectra were measured in order to study the influence of Pb2+ ions on the charge compensating defects formation. The influence of Pb2+ ions on the various charge compensating defects depend on the YbF3 concentration. For low YbF3 concentrations the influence is stronger than for concentrations higher than 1 mol% YbF3. Dielectric relaxation in double doped (Yb,Pb):CaF2 crystals in order the study the charge compensating defects formation was not reported before

Cloud radiative impact assessment over Greenland by active satellite remote sensing

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The importance of wind on East Antarctic ice shelf stability

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Cloud radiative impact assessment over Greenland by active satellite remote sensing: do liquid clouds warm the Greenland ice sheet?

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A long-term hindcast simulation with 2 COSMO-CLM over Antarctica

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Growth and Carcass Composition Response of Different Protein Food Level for Ross 308 Hybrid Reared in Organic System

The purpose of this experiment was to assess the impact of various protein levels and of the administration periods of CM on the growth and carcass composition in Ross 308 hybrid ecologically raised. The experiment was conducted over a period of 84 days on a flock of 108 chickens belonging to Ross 308 commercial hybrid. There were three experimental groups consisting of 36 chickens. The chickens were fed with the tri-phase feeding program in G1, and with the bi-phase feeding program in G2 and G3, as follows: G1 and G2 with the same period of administration of CM and with close protein levels, but in G2 the biological value of the protein in CM starter was higher. G3 chickens were fed with the bi-phase feeding program, respectively 1-28 days and 29-84 days where the protein level was of 20.94 % and 16.98 % CP. Chickens in G2 and G3 received the same CM starter structure with a protein level of 20.94 % with an upper VB. Statistical analysis of the received results was performed by the IBM SPSS 19 software using the analysis of the variant and the testing of significance with ANOVA test complemented by Tukey posthoc test. It can be appreciated that the body weight was significantly influenced (G2 -3826.33 g, and in G3 -3669.96 g) by incorporating an animal protein source (boiled egg) in the CM structure, which after a good start allows the application of a two-phase feeding technology (in G3), which significantly simplifies the growing process of broilers. This experimental scheme did not cause significant differences in the quality of meat or in the weight of the carved parties of the broiler carcasses

The radiative effect of supercooled liquid and mixed-phase clouds by active satellite remote sensing

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