Synthesis of Phospho-Amino Acid Analogues as Tissue Adhesive Cement Additives

In this paper we report the synthesis of a library of phospho-amino acid analogues, via a novel single-step allyl-phosphoester protection/Pd-mediated deprotection strategy. These phosphoserine and phosphotyrosine analogues were then applied as additives to create adhesive calcium phosphate cements, allowing us to probe the chemical origins of the increased surface binding strength. We demonstrate the importance of multiple calcium binding motifs in mediating adhesion, as well as highlighting the crucial role played by substrate hydrophobicity and orientation in controlling binding strength

PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN MOLTEN SALT BREEDER REACTOR FUELS. I. THE SYSTEM LiF- BeFsub2sub 2-UFsub4sub 4-ThFsub4sub 4

The phase equilibrium relations for the systems limiting the quaternary system LiF--BeF/sub 2/--UF/sub 4/--ThF/sub 4/ are described in detail, along with available information on the quaternary system itself. The implications of the extensive solid solutions in the limiting systems are discussed, and experimental information supporting the conclusions is presented. The optical properties, crystallographic properties, and x-ray diffraction patterns for the phases occurring in these systems are tabulated. Specific compositions of project interest to which references have been made in the ORNL literature are given special attention. Reference is made to literature reporting properties of these materials other than those discussed in this report. (auth

Europa im Geflecht der Welt

Der Band dokumentiert Vorträge und Workshops der internationalen Abschlusstagung des DFG-Schwerpunktprogrammes 1173 „Integration und Desintegration der Kulturen im europäischen Mittelalter“, die Ende Mai 2011 in Berlin stattgefunden hat. Bei der Arbeit im Schwerpunktprogramm hatte sich gezeigt, wie schwierig es ist, Europa im geographischen und historischen Sinne vom Mittelmeerraum mit Nordafrika und Vorder¬asien zu trennen. Daher wurden die Grenzen des mittelalterlichen Europa bewusst überschritten und auch die Geschichte weiter entfernter Länder in den Blick genommen. Als thematischer Schwerpunkt boten sich in diesem Zusammenhang Migrationen an. Migrationen sind ja ein globales Phäno¬men, das an allen Orten und zu allen Zeiten immer wieder die Geschichte der Menschheit prägt und dabei unvermeidlich – selbst in der scheinbaren Isolation einer „Diaspora“ oder „Parallelgesellschaft“ – zu transkulturellen Verflechtungen führt. Fremde und einheimische Gruppen und Individuen werden in neue soziale Umgebungen gerückt und Kontakte oder Konflikte zwischen ihnen erzeugt. Wo aber das jeweilige Leben gegeneinander abgeschottet werden soll, verliert Kultur ihre Inno¬vations¬kraft und versteinert die Gesellschaft. Mit dem Sachthema der „Migrationen“ und mit einem Blick weit über Europa hinaus, bis nach Amerika, Japan und ins südliche Afrika, wird der Übergang von einer eurozentrierten Mittelalterforschung zu einer transdisziplinären Mediävistik in globalen Zusammenhängen markiert

The CLAS12 Spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory

The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer for operation at 12 GeV beam energy (CLAS12) in Hall B at Jefferson Laboratory is used to study electro-induced nuclear and hadronic reactions. This spectrometer provides efficient detection of charged and neutral particles over a large fraction of the full solid angle. CLAS12 has been part of the energy-doubling project of Jefferson Lab's Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, funded by the United States Department of Energy. An international collaboration of 48 institutions contributed to the design and construction of detector hardware, developed the software packages for the simulation of complex event patterns, and commissioned the detector systems. CLAS12 is based on a dual-magnet system with a superconducting torus magnet that provides a largely azimuthal field distribution that covers the forward polar angle range up to 35∘, and a solenoid magnet and detector covering the polar angles from 35° to 125° with full azimuthal coverage. Trajectory reconstruction in the forward direction using drift chambers and in the central direction using a vertex tracker results in momentum resolutions of <1% and <3%, respectively. Cherenkov counters, time-of-flight scintillators, and electromagnetic calorimeters provide good particle identification. Fast triggering and high data-acquisition rates allow operation at a luminosity of 1035 cm−2s−1. These capabilities are being used in a broad program to study the structure and interactions of nucleons, nuclei, and mesons, using polarized and unpolarized electron beams and targets for beam energies up to 11 GeV. This paper gives a general description of the design, construction, and performance of CLAS12

The importance of the altricial – precocial spectrum for social complexity in mammals and birds:A review

Various types of long-term stable relationships that individuals uphold, including cooperation and competition between group members, define social complexity in vertebrates. Numerous life history, physiological and cognitive traits have been shown to affect, or to be affected by, such social relationships. As such, differences in developmental modes, i.e. the ‘altricial-precocial’ spectrum, may play an important role in understanding the interspecific variation in occurrence of social interactions, but to what extent this is the case is unclear because the role of the developmental mode has not been studied directly in across-species studies of sociality. In other words, although there are studies on the effects of developmental mode on brain size, on the effects of brain size on cognition, and on the effects of cognition on social complexity, there are no studies directly investigating the link between developmental mode and social complexity. This is surprising because developmental differences play a significant role in the evolution of, for example, brain size, which is in turn considered an essential building block with respect to social complexity. Here, we compiled an overview of studies on various aspects of the complexity of social systems in altricial and precocial mammals and birds. Although systematic studies are scarce and do not allow for a quantitative comparison, we show that several forms of social relationships and cognitive abilities occur in species along the entire developmental spectrum. Based on the existing evidence it seems that differences in developmental modes play a minor role in whether or not individuals or species are able to meet the cognitive capabilities and requirements for maintaining complex social relationships. Given the scarcity of comparative studies and potential subtle differences, however, we suggest that future studies should consider developmental differences to determine whether our finding is general or whether some of the vast variation in social complexity across species can be explained by developmental mode. This would allow a more detailed assessment of the relative importance of developmental mode in the evolution of vertebrate social systems

Indianapolis Literary Club: Summarized Record, 1877-1976

Compiled by the secretary. To which is appended an historical memoir of the Club by the compiler, originally distributed to the members in 1970 and amended as necessary

The Indianapolis Literary Club

An historical memoir compiled by Francis H. Insley, secretary

Francois Villon

These scans are made from copies of the original paper read by a member