Effects of mannan oligosaccharide dietary supplementation on mortality, growth performance and carcass traits in meat Guinea pigs

The effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) as a dietary supplement on growth performance, carcass traits and mortality in meat guinea pigs were compared to a commonly used antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP, Zn-Bacitracin). The four experimental treatments were as follow: Control group (no additives); MOS 1 (1.5 g kg−1); MOS 2 (2 g kg−1) and AGP (0.1 g kg−1). The guinea pigs were housed in 40 floor pens containing a deep litter of woodchips (n = 100 animals in each trial; 10 animals per pen). Guinea pigs were all weaned on day 28 and their body weight was measured weekly. All animals were slaughtered at the end of fattening period (day 77) and carcass traits were evaluated. Significant differences against the control group were observed for traits studied (P < 0.05). Between MOS groups and AGP no significant differences were observed. In conclusion, the use of MOS could be a suitable replacement for antibiotic growth promoter to raise guinea pigs.Veterinari

Campylobacter epidemiology from breeders to their progeny in Eastern Spain

[EN] While horizontal transmission is a route clearly linked to the spread of Campylobacter at the farm level, few studies support the transmission of Campylobacter spp. from breeder flocks to their offspring. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the possibility of vertical transmission. Breeders were monitored from the time of housing day-old chicks, then throughout the laying period (0 to 60 wk) and throughout their progeny (broiler fattening, 1 to 42 d) until slaughter. All samples were analyzed according with official method ISO 10272:2006. Results revealed that on breeder farms, Campylobacter isolation started from wk 16 and reached its peak at wk 26, with 57.0% and 93.2% of positive birds, respectively. After this point, the rate of positive birds decreased slightly to 86.0% at 60 wk. However, in broiler production all day-old chicks were found negative for Campylobacter spp, and the bacteria was first isolated at d 14 of age (5.0%), with a significant increase in detection during the fattening period with 62% of Campylobacter positive animals at the end of the production cycle. Moreover, non-positive sample was determined from environmental sources. These results could be explained because Campylobacter may be in a low concentration or in a non-culturable form, as there were several studies that successfully detected Campylobacter DNA, but failed to culture. This form can survive in the environment and infect successive flocks; consequently, further studies are needed to develop more modern, practical, cost-effective and suitable techniques for routine diagnosis.We thank the ASAV (Valencian Poultry Association) and the Santander bank for the financial support of the project and the staff of the CECAV (Center for Poultry and Animal Feed Quality of the Valencian Region) for their assistance. Sofia Ingresa was supported by a research grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education (programme FPU13/03306). English text version was revised by N. Macowan English Language Service.Ingresa-Capaccioni, S.; Jiménez Trigos, ME.; Marco Jiménez, F.; Català, P.; Vega García, S.; Marin Orenga, C. (2016). Campylobacter epidemiology from breeders to their progeny in Eastern Spain. Poultry Science. 95(3):676-683. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev338S67668395

Prácticas de laboratorio interdisciplinares de alto nivel científico con alumnos de diferentes grados universitarios guiados por WebQuest AICLE

[ES] Cada vez resulta más importante la colaboración entre expertos de diferentes áreas científicas multidisciplinares. En este trabajo, se han realizado prácticas de laboratorio agrupando alumnos de cuatro grados universitarios del área de biomedicina: Biotecnología, Ciencias del Mar, Veterinaria, Odontología y un grado impartido en inglés: Dentistry. Las asignaturas, que participaron en el estudio fueron: Biorreactores, Cultivos Celulares, Microbiología Marina, Microbiología Veterinaria, Microbiología de Odontología y Microbiology de Dentistry. Se abordó el tema de las síntesis química y por impresión 3D de biomateriales, su caracterización antimicrobiana por tres métodos complementarios (difusión en agar, contacto y formación de biofilm en biorreactor) y repoblación por cultivo con células madre adultas. Se diseñó una WebQuest con las instrucciones, laboratorio virtual y guías de prácticas en formato digital. Con motivo de llevar a cabo un Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenido y de Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE), la WebQuest fue diseñada en inglés y los participantes realizaron una exposición en inglés al finalizar la experiencia. Las prácticas fueron realizadas en los laboratorios de la Universidad Católica de Valencia y en el Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Este procedimiento fue evaluado mediante un cuestionario de 14 preguntas, y mediante dos rúbricas para las memorias y exposiciones.[EN] Collaboration between experts from different scientific areas is becoming more and more important. Thus, in this work, transversal laboratory sessions have been carried out by students from four different university bachelor’s degrees in the area of biomedicine: Biotechnology, Marine Sciences, Veterinary, Dentistry and a degree taught in English: Dentistry. The subjects that participated in the study were: bioreactors, cell cultures, marine microbiology, veterinary microbiology and dentistry microbiology. Working teams addressing a scientific topic such as chemical synthesis and 3D printing of biomaterials, their antimicrobial characterization by three complementary methods (diffusion in agar, contact and biofilm formation in bioreactor) and repopulation by adult stem cell culture. A WebQuest was designed with the instructions, virtual laboratory and laboratory sessions guides in digital format. In order to carry out a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), the WebQuest was designed in English and the participants made a presentation in English at the end of this experience. The laboratory sessions were carried out in the laboratories of the Catholic University of Valencia and in the Príncipe Felipe Research Center. This procedure was evaluated through a questionnaire of 14 questions, and by means of two rubrics used for the reports and expositions.Serrano-Aroca, Á.; Frígols, B.; Martí, M.; Ingresa-Capaccioni, S.; Moreno-Manzano, V. (2019). Prácticas de laboratorio interdisciplinares de alto nivel científico con alumnos de diferentes grados universitarios guiados por WebQuest AICLE. En IN-RED 2019. V Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 141-155. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2019.2019.10365OCS14115

Comparison of different sampling types across the rearing period in broiler flocks for isolation of Campylobacter spp

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Poultry Science following peer review. The version of recordS. Ingresa-Capaccioni, S. González-Bodí, E. Jiménez-Trigos, F. Marco-Jiménez, P. Catalá, S. Vega, and C. Marin Comparison of different sampling types across the rearing period in broiler flocks for isolation of Campylobacter spp. Poultry Science (April 2015) 94 (4): 766-771 first published online March 5, 2015 doi:10.3382/ps/pev023 is available online at: http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/content/94/4/766[EN] Campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of human gastrointestinal disease in most developed countries. It is generally accepted that poultry products are a significant source of foodborne Campylobacter infections in humans. Assessing the effectiveness of any potential intervention at farm level requires monitoring of the Campylobacter status of broiler flocks, using appropriate sampling methods. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the sample type across the rearing period for the detection of Campylobacter spp. at farm level. During this study, 21 commercial broiler farms were intensively sampled. Each farm was visited and sampled at different times during the rearing period (d 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42). On the first day of rearing, the status of the house and the day-old flock was evaluated, and environmental and cecal samples were collected. During rearing, 4 different sample types were collected: feces with sock swabs (sock swabs), feces directly from the litter (feces), cloacal swabs, and cecal content. All samples were analyzed according to ISO 10272-1:2006 (Annex E) and also by direct culture. The results of this study showed that Campylobacter spp. were detected in all of the sample types on d 14 of rearing. From this point on, the detection increased significantly, with a maximum detection rate by the end of rearing, regardless of the sample type. All samples that were negative upon direct culture were also negative after pre-enrichment. At the end of rearing, the percentage of samples positive for Campylobacter spp. was 71.4% for cecal samples, 61.9% for cloacal swabs, 45.2% for sock swabs, and 69.1% for fecal samples. C. jejuni was detected in all the sample types, with positive rates ranging from 67.1 to 76.0% for cecal samples and cloacal content, respectively. Cecal samples, cloacal swabs, and fecal samples cultured by direct plating onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) without pre-enrichment have the same sensitivity for detection of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks independent of the day of rearing. Guardar / Salir Siguiente >We would like to thank the staff of the Valencian Poultry Association (ASAV) for funding this project, the Centre for Poultry Quality and Animal Feed of Valencia (CECAV) for offering us their facilities, and all his staff for their cooperation and dedication to this work. I would also like to thank the staff of the Department of Animal Science at the Polytechnic University of Valencia for their support of this study.Ingresa-Capaccioni, S.; González-Bodí, S.; Jiménez Trigos, ME.; Marco Jiménez, F.; Catalá, P.; Vega, S.; Marín, C. (2015). Comparison of different sampling types across the rearing period in broiler flocks for isolation of Campylobacter spp. Poultry Science Journal. 94(4):766-771. doi:10.3382/ps/pev023S76677194

Wild Bonelli's eagles (Aquila fasciata) as carrier of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella and Campylobacter in Eastern Spain

[EN] Wild birds have repeatedly been found to be involved in the dissemination of enteric bacterial pathogens in the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Salmonella and Campylobacter as well as the antimicrobial resistance in wild Bonelli's eagles nestlings in Eastern Spain. In addition, we compared the efficiency of two sampling methods (fresh faecal samples from nest and cloacal swabs from nestlings) for detection of both bacteria. A total of 28 nests with 45 nestlings were analysed. In the nest, Salmonella occurrence was 61 +/- 9.2%, while Campylobacter occurrence was 11 +/- 5.8% (p < 0.05). In the nestlings, Salmonella occurrence was 36 +/- 7.1%, while Campylobacter occurrence was 11 +/- 4.7% (p < 0.05). Eight Salmonella serovars were identified, and the most frequently isolated were S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Houston, and S. Cerro. Only one Campylobacter species was identified (C. jejuni). Regarding antimicrobial resistance, the Salmonella strains isolated were found to be most frequently resistant to ampicillin and to tigecycline; however, the sole Campylobacter strain recovered was multidrug resistant. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that wild Bonelli's eagles nestlings are greater carriers of Salmonella than of Campylobacter. Both Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates exhibited antimicrobial resistance. In addition, faecal samples from nests were most reliable for Salmonella detection, while cloacal swab from nestlings were most reliable for Campylobacter detection.We wish to thank the Ministry of Infrastructures, Territory and Environment (Regional Government/Generalitat Valenciana), the research group "Improvement of Production System-related Food Safety and End Products" research group (Veterinary Faculty, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera) and GEMAS (Study Group on Wildlife Medicine and Conservation) for their technical support. Moreover, we want to thank University CEU-UCH (Consolidacion de Indicadores INDI 18/19 and IDOC 18/12) for the financial support. The English text version was revised by N. Macowan English Language Service.Martín-Maldonado, B.; Montoro-Dasi, L.; Pérez-Gracia, MT.; Jordá, J.; Vega-García, S.; Marco-Jiménez, F.; Marin-Orenga, C. (2019). Wild Bonelli's eagles (Aquila fasciata) as carrier of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella and Campylobacter in Eastern Spain. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 67:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101372S166

Free-Living Turtles Are a Reservoir for Salmonella but Not for Campylobacter

Different studies have reported the prevalence of Salmonella in turtles and its role in reptile-associated salmonellosis in humans, but there is a lack of scientific literature related with the epidemiology of Campylobacter in turtles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in free-living native (Emys orbicularis, n=83) and exotic (Trachemys scripta elegans, n=117) turtles from 11 natural ponds in Eastern Spain. In addition, different types of samples (cloacal swabs, intestinal content and water from Turtle containers) were compared. Regardless of the turtle species, natural ponds where individuals were captured and the type of sample taken, Campylobacter was not detected. Salmonella was isolated in similar proportions in native (8.0±3.1%) and exotic (15.0±3.3%) turtles (p=0.189). The prevalence of Salmonella positive turtles was associated with the natural ponds where animals were captured. Captured turtles from 8 of the 11 natural ponds were positive, ranged between 3.0±3.1% and 60.0±11.0%. Serotyping revealed 8 different serovars among four Salmonella enterica subspecies: S. enterica subsp. enterica (n = 21), S. enterica subsp. salamae (n = 2), S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (n = 3), and S. enterica subsp. houtenae (n = 1). Two serovars were predominant: S. Thompson (n=16) and S. typhimurium (n=3). In addition, there was an effect of sample type on Salmonella detection. The highest isolation of Salmonella was obtained from intestinal content samples (12.0±3.0%), while lower percentages were found for water from the containers and cloacal swabs (8.0±2.5% and 3.0±1.5%, respectively). Our results imply that free-living turtles are a risk factor for Salmonella transmission, but do not seem to be a reservoir for Campylobacter. We therefore rule out turtles as a risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. Nevertheless, further studies should be undertaken in other countries to confirm these results.This work was supported by the Conselleria de Infraestructura, Territorio y Medio Ambiente for their assistance and financial support (Life09-Trachemys, Resolution 28/02/12 CITMA). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Marín, C.; Ingresa-Capaccioni, S.; González Bodí, S.; Marco Jiménez, F.; Vega Garcia, S. (2013). Free-Living Turtles Are a Reservoir for Salmonella but Not for Campylobacter. PLoS ONE. 8(8):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072350S1688(2012). The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food‐borne Outbreaks in 2010. EFSA Journal, 10(3). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2597Kapperud, G. (2003). Factors Associated with Increased and Decreased Risk of Campylobacter Infection: A Prospective Case-Control Study in Norway. American Journal of Epidemiology, 158(3), 234-242. doi:10.1093/aje/kwg139Mermin, J., Hutwagner, L., Vugia, D., Shallow, S., Daily, P., … Bender, J. (2004). Reptiles, Amphibians, and HumanSalmonellaInfection: A Population‐Based, Case‐Control Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(s3), S253-S261. doi:10.1086/381594De Jong, B., Andersson, Y., & Ekdahl, K. (2005). Effect of Regulation and Education on Reptile-associated Salmonellosis. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11(3), 398-403. doi:10.3201/eid1103.040694NAKADAI, A., KUROKI, T., KATO, Y., SUZUKI, R., YAMAI, S., YAGINUMA, C., … HAYASHIDANI, H. (2005). Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Pet Reptiles in Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 67(1), 97-101. doi:10.1292/jvms.67.97Lafuente, S., Bellido, J. B., Moraga, F. A., Herrera, S., Yagüe, A., Montalvo, T., … Caylà, J. A. (2013). Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella litchfield outbreaks associated with pet turtle exposure in Spain. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 31(1), 32-35. doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2012.05.013Van PELT, W., de WIT, M. A. S., WANNET, W. J. B., LIGTVOET, E. J. J., WIDDOWSON, M. A., & van DUYNHOVEN, Y. T. H. P. (2003). Laboratory surveillance of bacterial gastroenteric pathogens in The Netherlands, 1991–2001. Epidemiology and Infection, 130(3), 431-441. doi:10.1017/s0950268803008392Havelaar, A. H., Haagsma, J. A., Mangen, M.-J. J., Kemmeren, J. M., Verhoef, L. P. B., Vijgen, S. M. C., … van Pelt, W. (2012). Disease burden of foodborne pathogens in the Netherlands, 2009. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 156(3), 231-238. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.029DOORDUYN, Y., VAN PELT, W., SIEZEN, C. L. E., VAN DER HORST, F., VAN DUYNHOVEN, Y. T. H. P., HOEBEE, B., & JANSSEN, R. (2007). Novel insight in the association between salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis and chronic illness, and the role of host genetics in susceptibility to these diseases. Epidemiology and Infection, 136(9), 1225-1234. doi:10.1017/s095026880700996xHAAGSMA, J. A., SIERSEMA, P. D., DE WIT, N. J., & HAVELAAR, A. H. (2010). Disease burden of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in The Netherlands. Epidemiology and Infection, 138(11), 1650-1656. doi:10.1017/s0950268810000531Allos, B. M., & Blaser, M. J. (1995). Campylobacter jejuni and the Expanding Spectrum of Related Infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 1092-1101. doi:10.1093/clinids/20.5.1092Friedman, C. R., Hoekstra, R. M., Samuel, M., Marcus, R., Bender, J., … Shiferaw, B. (2004). Risk Factors for SporadicCampylobacterInfection in the United States: A Case‐Control Study in FoodNet Sites. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(s3), S285-S296. doi:10.1086/381598STUDAHL, A., & ANDERSSON, Y. (2000). Risk factors for indigenous campylobacter infection: a Swedish case-control study. Epidemiology and Infection, 125(2), 269-275. doi:10.1017/s0950268899004562NEIMANN, J., ENGBERG, J., MØLBAK, K., & WEGENER, H. C. (2003). A case–control study of risk factors for sporadic campylobacter infections in Denmark. Epidemiology and Infection, 130(3), 353-366. doi:10.1017/s0950268803008355DOORDUYN, Y., VAN DEN BRANDHOF, W. E., VAN DUYNHOVEN, Y. T. H. P., BREUKINK, B. J., WAGENAAR, J. A., & VAN PELT, W. (2010). Risk factors for indigenous Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infections in The Netherlands: a case-control study. Epidemiology and Infection, 138(10), 1391-1404. doi:10.1017/s095026881000052xSchroter, M., Roggentin, P., Hofmann, J., Speicher, A., Laufs, R., & Mack, D. (2004). Pet Snakes as a Reservoir for Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae (Serogroup IIIb): a Prospective Study. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(1), 613-615. doi:10.1128/aem.70.1.613-615.2004Van Meervenne, E., Botteldoorn, N., Lokietek, S., Vatlet, M., Cupa, A., Naranjo, M., … Bertrand, S. (2009). Turtle-associated Salmonella septicaemia and meningitis in a 2-month-old baby. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 58(10), 1379-1381. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.012146-0Williams, L. P. (1965). Pet Turtles as a Cause of Human Salmonellosis. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 192(5), 347. doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03080180005001Feeley, J. C., & Treger, M. D. (1969). Penetration of Turtle Eggs by Salmonella braenderup. Public Health Reports (1896-1970), 84(2), 156. doi:10.2307/4593527Mermin, J., Hoar, B., & Angulo, F. J. (1997). Iguanas and Salmonella Marina Infection in Children: A Reflection of the Increasing Incidence of Reptile-associated Salmonellosis in the United States. PEDIATRICS, 99(3), 399-402. doi:10.1542/peds.99.3.399Rodgers, G. L., Long, S. S., Smergel, E., & Dampier, C. (2002). Salmonella Infection Associated With a Pet Lizard in Siblings With Sickle Cell Anemia: An Avoidable Risk. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 24(1), 75-76. doi:10.1097/00043426-200201000-00020Tu, Z.-C., Zeitlin, G., Gagner, J.-P., Keo, T., Hanna, B. A., & Blaser, M. J. (2004). Campylobacter fetus of Reptile Origin as a Human Pathogen. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42(9), 4405-4407. doi:10.1128/jcm.42.9.4405-4407.2004Hidalgo-Vila, J., Díaz-Paniagua, C., Pérez-Santigosa, N., de Frutos-Escobar, C., & Herrero-Herrero, A. (2008). Salmonella in free-living exotic and native turtles and in pet exotic turtles from SW Spain. Research in Veterinary Science, 85(3), 449-452. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.01.011Harris, J. R., Neil, K. P., Behravesh, C. B., Sotir, M. J., & Angulo, F. J. (2010). Recent Multistate Outbreaks of HumanSalmonellaInfections Acquired from Turtles: A Continuing Public Health Challenge. 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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 35(4), 562-563. doi:10.1638/03-070Hidalgo-Vila, J., Díaz-Paniagua, C., de Frutos-Escobar, C., Jiménez-Martínez, C., & Pérez-Santigosa, N. (2007). Salmonella in free living terrestrial and aquatic turtles. Veterinary Microbiology, 119(2-4), 311-315. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.08.012Acheson, D., & Allos, B. M. (2001). Campylobacter jejuni Infections: Update on Emerging Issues and Trends. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 32(8), 1201-1206. doi:10.1086/319760Briones, V., Tellez, S., Goyache, J., Ballesteros, C., del Pilar Lanzarot, M., Dominguez, L., & Fernandez-Garayzabal, J. F. (2004). Salmonella diversity associated with wild reptiles and amphibians in Spain. Environmental Microbiology, 6(8), 868-871. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00631.xMan, S. M. (2011). The clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 8(12), 669-685. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2011.191Ugarte-Ruiz, M., Gómez-Barrero, S., Porrero, M. C., Álvarez, J., García, M., Comerón, M. C., … Domínguez, L. (2012). Evaluation of four protocols for the detection and isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter from different matrices. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(1), 200-208. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05323.xJeffrey, J. S., Tonooka, K. H., & Lozanot, J. (2001). Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. from Skin, Crop, and Intestine of Commercial Broiler Chicken Carcasses at Processing. Poultry Science, 80(9), 1390-1392. doi:10.1093/ps/80.9.1390Perko-Mäkelä, P., Isohanni, P., Katzav, M., Lund, M., Hänninen, M.-L., & Lyhs, U. (2009). A longitudinal study of Campylobacter distribution in a turkey production chain. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 51(1). doi:10.1186/1751-0147-51-18Saelinger, C. A., Lewbart, G. A., Christian, L. S., & Lemons, C. L. (2006). Prevalence ofSalmonellaspp in cloacal, fecal, and gastrointestinal mucosal samples from wild North American turtles. 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Percentages of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. detection for the different types of samples analysed.

<p><i>n:</i> number of samples tested. a, b: Different superscripts represent significant differences(P≤0.05). Data are presented as least squares means ± standard error of the least squares means.</p