1,090 research outputs found
Determinants of Women Access and the Extent of Access to Land Among Small-Scale Farmers in Machakos County, Kenya: A Double-Hurdle Approach
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the determinants of women access and the extent of access to land. The study used cross-sectional data from 384 randomly selected small-scale women farmers from Machakos County, Kenya. Using double hurdle (DH) model, we found that marital status, household size, the value of productive assets, credit borrowed, extension contacts, farmersâ groups and social influence from family members had a positive and significant influence on women access to land. However, the spousal age gap, market distance and social influence from friends/peers had a negative influence on the probability of women having access to land. To improve women access to land, the findings imply that women need to be motivated to join and participate in farmersâ groups through which they can gain access to extension information and credit. In addition, women farmers should be sensitized on the need to invest in farm productive assets. Importantly, the government can aid in improving crucial infrastructures and promoting girl-child education since education empowers women and inhibit early marriages. Keywords: Women, small-scale farmers, access to land, double hurdle model, Kenya DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-7-04 Publication date: April 30th 201
Triplet-forming thionated donor-acceptor chromophores for electrochemically amphoteric photosensitization
Thiocarbonylation has been shown to be a promising tool for developing heavy-atom-free triplet photosensitizers from donorâacceptor chromophores. It was demonstrated that triplet-state formation from the thiocarbonyls is independent of the donorâacceptor interactions and that the thionated chromophores can be utilized as amphoteric photoredox catalysts that have comparable catalytic activities to common inorganic photosensitizers
Synthesis, solid-state structure, and electrochemical properties of thienodipyrimidine-2,4,5,7-tetra(thi)ones
Thienodipyrimidine-2,4,5,7-tetra(thi)ones were prepared by one-pot photocyclization from barbituric acid
derivatives. The structures of these tricyclic molecules with multiple (thio)carbonyl groups were determined by
NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and the electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic
voltammetry and DFT calculations. The solid-state structures of these molecules feature dipolar C=S (or C=O),
chalcogen-bonding, and Ï-stacking interactions. The presence of two adjacent thiocarbonyl groups allows for a
two-center three-electron (2c/3e) interaction upon oxidation, significantly lowering the oxidation potential
Differential Plasmodium falciparum surface antigen expression among children with Malarial Retinopathy
Retinopathy provides a window into the underlying pathology of life-threatening malarial coma (âcerebral malariaâ), allowing differentiation between 1) coma caused by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the brain and 2) coma with other underlying causes. Parasite sequestration in the brain is mediated by PfEMP1; a diverse parasite antigen that is inserted into the surface of infected erythrocytes and adheres to various host receptors. PfEMP1 sub-groups called âDC8â and âDC13â have been proposed to cause brain pathology through interactions with endothelial protein C receptor. To test this we profiled PfEMP1 gene expression in parasites from children with clinically defined cerebral malaria, who either had or did not have accompanying retinopathy. We found no evidence for an elevation of DC8 or DC13 PfEMP1 expression in children with retinopathy. However, the proportional expression of a broad subgroup of PfEMP1 called âgroup Aâ was elevated in retinopathy patients suggesting that these variants may play a role in the pathology of cerebral malaria. Interventions targeting group A PfEMP1 may be effective at reducing brain pathology
Impact of information on demand for safe food
Problems caused by eating unsafe food are a major health issue in many countries. Contamination by
bacteria or toxins can cause these health risks, particularly for young children whose bodies are still
developing. It can be difficult to know which foods are risky because you usually cannot tell by looking if
food is contaminated. The goal of this research was to see whether giving consumers in Kenya information about one of these contamination risks would make them choose to purchase different products
Reflections on IDEAL: What we have learnt from a unique calf cohort study
The year 2020 marks a decade since the final visit was made in the âInfectious Diseases of East African Livestockâ
(IDEAL) project. However, data generation from samples obtained during this ambitious longitudinal study still
continues. As the project launches its extensive open-access database and biobank to the scientific community,
we reflect on the challenges overcome, the knowledge gained, and the advantages of such a project. We discuss
the legacy of the IDEAL project and how it continues to generate evidence since being adopted by the Centre for
Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH). We also examine the impact of the IDEAL project, from the
authors perspective, for each of the stakeholders (the animal, the farmer, the consumer, the policy maker, the
funding body, and the researcher and their institution) involved in the project and provide recommendations for
future researchers who are interested in running longitudinal field studies.The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the UK Governmentâs Department for International Development and the International Livestock Research Institute.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/prevetmedam2021Veterinary Tropical Disease
Measurement of the lifetime
Using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of ,
collected by the LHCb experiment in collisions at centre-of-mass energies
of 7 and 8 TeV, the effective lifetime in the
decay mode, , is measured to be ps. Assuming
conservation, corresponds to the lifetime of the light
mass eigenstate. This is the first measurement of the effective
lifetime in this decay mode.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-017.htm
Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions in the forward region in pp collisions at âs=7 TeV
Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions, produced in protonproton collisions at a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy, are studied using a data sample collected
by the LHCb experiment. The signature for Bose-Einstein correlations is observed in the
form of an enhancement of pairs of like-sign charged pions with small four-momentum
difference squared. The charged-particle multiplicity dependence of the Bose-Einstein correlation parameters describing the correlation strength and the size of the emitting source
is investigated, determining both the correlation radius and the chaoticity parameter. The
measured correlation radius is found to increase as a function of increasing charged-particle
multiplicity, while the chaoticity parameter is seen to decreas
Study of charmonium production in b -hadron decays and first evidence for the decay Bs0
Using decays to Ï-meson pairs, the inclusive production of charmonium states in b-hadron decays is studied with pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fbâ1, collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Denoting byBC ⥠B(b â C X) Ă B(C â ÏÏ) the inclusive branching fraction of a b hadron to a charmonium state C that decays into a pair of Ï mesons, ratios RC1C2 ⥠BC1 /BC2 are determined as RÏc0ηc(1S) = 0.147 ± 0.023 ± 0.011, RÏc1ηc(1S) =0.073 ± 0.016 ± 0.006, RÏc2ηc(1S) = 0.081 ± 0.013 ± 0.005,RÏc1 Ïc0 = 0.50 ± 0.11 ± 0.01, RÏc2 Ïc0 = 0.56 ± 0.10 ± 0.01and Rηc(2S)ηc(1S) = 0.040 ± 0.011 ± 0.004. Here and below the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.Upper limits at 90% confidence level for the inclusive production of X(3872), X(3915) and Ïc2(2P) states are obtained as RX(3872)Ïc1 < 0.34, RX(3915)Ïc0 < 0.12 andRÏc2(2P)Ïc2 < 0.16. Differential cross-sections as a function of transverse momentum are measured for the ηc(1S) andÏc states. The branching fraction of the decay B0s â ÏÏÏ is measured for the first time, B(B0s â ÏÏÏ) = (2.15±0.54±0.28±0.21B)Ă10â6. Here the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0s â ÏÏ, which is used for normalization. No evidence for intermediate resonances is seen. A preferentially transverse Ï polarization is observed.The measurements allow the determination of the ratio of the branching fractions for the ηc(1S) decays to ÏÏ and p p asB(ηc(1S)â ÏÏ)/B(ηc(1S)â p p) = 1.79 ± 0.14 ± 0.32
- âŠ