A Rare Case of Septic Shock Secondary to Emphysematous Hepatitis

Objective. To describe a case of emphysematous hepatitis which is a rare clinical entity, characterized by a fatal, rapidly progressive infection of the liver with a radiological appearance simulating emphysematous pyelonephritis and to help provide more data about the causative organisms and precipitating factors of this pathology. Data Sources and Synthesis. Relevant literature was reviewed and, to the best of our knowledge, there is limited data regarding the pathogenesis, causative organisms, and management of this condition. Conclusion. Emphysematous hepatitis is a rapidly progressive infection that can be fatal in the absence of appropriate therapeutic intervention. Initial clinical manifestations are usually subtle and thus high clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis and management of this condition to help decrease the mortality rates

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Mortality of emergency abdominal surgery in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low- or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression. Results: Data were obtained for 10 745 patients from 357 centres in 58 countries; 6538 were from high-, 2889 from middle- and 1318 from low-HDI settings. The overall mortality rate was 1⋅6 per cent at 24 h (high 1⋅1 per cent, middle 1⋅9 per cent, low 3⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001), increasing to 5⋅4 per cent by 30 days (high 4⋅5 per cent, middle 6⋅0 per cent, low 8⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Of the 578 patients who died, 404 (69⋅9 per cent) did so between 24 h and 30 days following surgery (high 74⋅2 per cent, middle 68⋅8 per cent, low 60⋅5 per cent). After adjustment, 30-day mortality remained higher in middle-income (odds ratio (OR) 2⋅78, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅84 to 4⋅20) and low-income (OR 2⋅97, 1⋅84 to 4⋅81) countries. Surgical safety checklist use was less frequent in low- and middle-income countries, but when used was associated with reduced mortality at 30 days. Conclusion: Mortality is three times higher in low- compared with high-HDI countries even when adjusted for prognostic factors. Patient safety factors may have an important role. Registration number: NCT02179112 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Etude régionale sur les facteurs déterminants le mode d'alimentation chez les nouveau-nés prématurés d'âge gestationnel inférieur à 33 semaines d'aménorrhée

L'allaitement maternel est le mode d'alimentation recommandé jusqu'à six mois chez les nouveau-nés à terme ou prématurés. Le choix parental peut-être influencé par de multiples facteurs. Objectifs : Déterminer la prévalence régionale en terme d'allaitement maternel chez les nouveau-nés prématurés et identifier les facteurs qui influencent son initiation et sa pérennisation. Méthode : Une étude prospective observationnelle régionale a été menée chez les enfants nés avant 33 semaines d'aménorrhée en Poitou-Charentes entre le 1 janvier et le 31 décembre 2010. Un cahier d'observation a été créé pour cette étude avec le réseau périnatal régional, composé d'une partie pour les professionnels prenant en charge l'enfant et d'une autre partie remplie par les parents après envoi postal. Résultats : Nous avons obtenus 112 réponses parentales sur 172 questionnaires envoyés, soit un taux de réponses de 65.1 %. Les facteurs significativement associés à un allaitement maternel à la naissance sont : l'IMC maternel, l'emploi maternel, le niveau scolaire paternel, le fait que la mère ait elle-même été allaitée, l'information post natale et le soutien. En analyse statistique multivariée, le facteur qui ressort comme indépendant est le fait que la mère ait elle-même été allaitée avec OR 10,28 IC [2,29-46,2]. En sortie d'hospitalisation, 46,4 % (n = 52) des nouveau-nés prématurés sont allaités. Les facteurs associés à un allaitement pérenne sont : les IMC parentaux, l'emploi maternel, l'absence de tabagisme maternel, le fait que la mère ait été allaitée, l'information post natale et le soutien (famille et professionnels). En analyse multivariée les facteurs prédictifs indépendants sont l'IMC maternel OR 0,07 IC [0,01-0,7], l'IMC paternel OR 0,19 [0,06-0,65] et le fait que la mère ait été allaitée OR 5,50 [1,59-18,99]. Conclusion : Les facteurs socio-économiques, l'éducation, l'entourage familial, l'information, le soutien influencent de manière différente l'initiation et la pérennisation d'un allaitement maternel chez ses nouveau-nés prématurés. Cette analyse régionale nous permet de mieux adapter notre programme de promotion de l'allaitement maternel dans la région.POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Rhabdomyosarcome orbitaire de l'enfant (étude rétrospective de la prise en charge et du devenir à long terme de 59 enfants traités à l'Institut Curie)

PARIS7-Xavier Bichat (751182101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Entérocolite ulcéro-nécrosante à Poitiers (facteurs prédictifs de la chirurgie, étude rétrospective)

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF

أثر الاستثمار الأجنبي المحفظي في حجم التداول: دراسة قياسية في بورصة عمان للأوراق المالية للمدة (2010-2020)

تهدف هذهِ الدراسة إلى قياس وتحليل أثر الاستثمار الأجنبي المحفظي وبعض المُتغيرات الاقتصادية الكلية (معدل التضخم-سعر الفائدة) في مؤشر حجم التداول في بورصة عمان للأوراق المالية، وتم اعتماد الفرضية الرئيسية الاَتية: (لا يوجد أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية معنوية للاستثمار الأجنبي المحفظي في مؤشر حجم التداول في بورصة عمان للأوراق المالية)، وقد تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي ومنهج الاقتصاد القياسي في بِناء الأنموذج بالاعتماد على برنامج (Eviwes10)، فضلاً عن استخدام نموذج الانحدار الذاتي للفجوات الزمنية الموزعة (ARDL)، وقد تم تحليل (44) مشاهدة للسوق والتي تم الحصول عليها من التقارير السنوية لبورصة عمان للأوراق المالية، فضلاً عن تقارير البنوك المركزية والتقرير الاقتصادي العربي الموحد لدولة الأردن وللمدة (2010-2020).   وخُلِصَتْ الدراسة إلى إثبات التأثير ذي الدلالة الإحصائية المعنوية للاستثمار الأجنبي المحفظي في مؤشر حجم التداول في الأجلين القصير والطويل، في حين أوصت الدراسة إلى تطوير بورصة عمان للأوراق المالية وربطها بالأسواق العالمية بهدف استقطاب المزيد من الاستثمارات الأجنبية للسوق، وذلك بتوفير الأموال اللازمة لإقامة وتوسيع المشاريع الاستثمارية للمساهمين مع الالتزام بالقيود التي تجعل من هذا الانفتاح لا يتعارض مع السياسات الاقتصادية للدولة، وتطوير نظام التداول الإلكتروني لبورصة عمان للأوراق المالية أُسوةً بالأسواق المالية العالمية، وذلك من أجل تطوير إجراءات عمليات التداول للمستثمر في أي موقع وبأقل تكلفة ممكنة مما يجعل عملية الاستثمار أكثر سهولة