Convective boundary layer flow of MHD tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over stratified sheet with chemical reaction

We investigated the combined impact of convective boundary conditions, thermal conductivity, and magnetohydrodynamic on the flow of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid across the stratified surface. Furthermore, the ramifications of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and activation energy were considered. Heat generation, chemical reactions, mixed convection, thermal conductivity, and other elements were considered when analyzing heat transfer phenomena. The governing equations were converted via similarity transformations into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations in order to analyze the system. Using the shooting method, the problem's solution was determined. We showed the mathematical significance of the temperature, concentration profiles, and velocity of each fluid parameter. These profiles were thoroughly described and shown graphically. The findings demonstrated that as the Weissenberg number and magnetic number increased, the fluid velocity profile decreased. Higher heat generation and thermophoresis parameters resulted in an increase in the temperature profile. Higher Brownian motion and Schmidt parameter values resulted in a drop in the concentration profile. Tables were used to discuss the numerical values of skin friction (${C}_{fx}$), Nusselt number (${Nu}_{x}$), and Sherwood number ($S{h}_{x}$). For the greater values of Weissenberg number and mixed convection parameters, skin friction numerical values fell while Nusselt numbers rose

Bi-allelic ACBD6 variants lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive and complex movement disorders

The acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 6 (ACBD6) is ubiquitously expressed, plays a role in the acylation of lipids and proteins, and regulates the N-myristoylation of proteins via N-myristoyltransferase enzymes (NMTs). However, its precise function in cells is still unclear, as is the consequence of ACBD6 defects on human pathophysiology. Utilizing exome sequencing and extensive international data sharing efforts, we identified 45 affected individuals from 28 unrelated families (consanguinity 93%) with bi-allelic pathogenic, predominantly loss-of-function (18/20) variants in ACBD6. We generated zebrafish and Xenopus tropicalis acbd6 knockouts by CRISPR/Cas9 and characterized the role of ACBD6 on protein N-myristoylation with YnMyr chemical proteomics in the model organisms and human cells, with the latter also being subjected further to ACBD6 peroxisomal localization studies. The affected individuals (23 males and 22 females), with ages ranging from 1 to 50 years old, typically present with a complex and progressive disease involving moderate-to-severe global developmental delay/intellectual disability (100%) with significant expressive language impairment (98%), movement disorders (97%), facial dysmorphism (95%), and mild cerebellar ataxia (85%) associated with gait impairment (94%), limb spasticity/hypertonia (76%), oculomotor (71%) and behavioural abnormalities (65%), overweight (59%), microcephaly (39%) and epilepsy (33%). The most conspicuous and common movement disorder was dystonia (94%), frequently leading to early-onset progressive postural deformities (97%), limb dystonia (55%), and cervical dystonia (31%). A jerky tremor in the upper limbs (63%), a mild head tremor (59%), parkinsonism/hypokinesia developing with advancing age (32%), and simple motor and vocal tics were among other frequent movement disorders. Midline brain malformations including corpus callosum abnormalities (70%), hypoplasia/agenesis of the anterior commissure (66%), short midbrain and small inferior cerebellar vermis (38% each), as well as hypertrophy of the clava (24%) were common neuroimaging findings. acbd6-deficient zebrafish and Xenopus models effectively recapitulated many clinical phenotypes reported in patients including movement disorders, progressive neuromotor impairment, seizures, microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism, and midbrain defects accompanied by developmental delay with increased mortality over time. Unlike ACBD5, ACBD6 did not show a peroxisomal localisation and ACBD6-deficiency was not associated with altered peroxisomal parameters in patient fibroblasts. Significant differences in YnMyr-labelling were observed for 68 co- and 18 post-translationally N-myristoylated proteins in patient-derived fibroblasts. N-Myristoylation was similarly affected in acbd6-deficient zebrafish and Xenopus tropicalis models, including Fus, Marcks, and Chchd-related proteins implicated in neurological diseases. The present study provides evidence that bi-allelic pathogenic variants in ACBD6 lead to a distinct neurodevelopmental syndrome accompanied by complex and progressive cognitive and movement disorders

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Bi-allelic ACBD6 variants lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive and complex movement disorders

The acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 6 (ACBD6) is ubiquitously expressed, plays a role in the acylation of lipids and proteins and regulates the N-myristoylation of proteins via N-myristoyltransferase enzymes (NMTs). However, its precise function in cells is still unclear, as is the consequence of ACBD6 defects on human pathophysiology. Using exome sequencing and extensive international data sharing efforts, we identified 45 affected individuals from 28 unrelated families (consanguinity 93%) with bi-allelic pathogenic, predominantly loss-of-function (18/20) variants in ACBD6. We generated zebrafish and Xenopus tropicalis acbd6 knockouts by CRISPR/Cas9 and characterized the role of ACBD6 on protein N-myristoylation with myristic acid alkyne (YnMyr) chemical proteomics in the model organisms and human cells, with the latter also being subjected further to ACBD6 peroxisomal localization studies. The affected individuals (23 males and 22 females), aged 1-50 years, typically present with a complex and progressive disease involving moderate-to-severe global developmental delay/intellectual disability (100%) with significant expressive language impairment (98%), movement disorders (97%), facial dysmorphism (95%) and mild cerebellar ataxia (85%) associated with gait impairment (94%), limb spasticity/hypertonia (76%), oculomotor (71%) and behavioural abnormalities (65%), overweight (59%), microcephaly (39%) and epilepsy (33%). The most conspicuous and common movement disorder was dystonia (94%), frequently leading to early-onset progressive postural deformities (97%), limb dystonia (55%) and cervical dystonia (31%). A jerky tremor in the upper limbs (63%), a mild head tremor (59%), parkinsonism/hypokinesia developing with advancing age (32%) and simple motor and vocal tics were among other frequent movement disorders. Midline brain malformations including corpus callosum abnormalities (70%), hypoplasia/agenesis of the anterior commissure (66%), short midbrain and small inferior cerebellar vermis (38% each) as well as hypertrophy of the clava (24%) were common neuroimaging findings. Acbd6-deficient zebrafish and Xenopus models effectively recapitulated many clinical phenotypes reported in patients including movement disorders, progressive neuromotor impairment, seizures, microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism and midbrain defects accompanied by developmental delay with increased mortality over time. Unlike ACBD5, ACBD6 did not show a peroxisomal localization and ACBD6-deficiency was not associated with altered peroxisomal parameters in patient fibroblasts. Significant differences in YnMyr-labelling were observed for 68 co- and 18 post-translationally N-myristoylated proteins in patient-derived fibroblasts. N-myristoylation was similarly affected in acbd6-deficient zebrafish and X. tropicalis models, including Fus, Marcks and Chchd-related proteins implicated in neurological diseases. The present study provides evidence that bi-allelic pathogenic variants in ACBD6 lead to a distinct neurodevelopmental syndrome accompanied by complex and progressive cognitive and movement disorders

A comparative study on flank wear of ceramic and Tungsten carbide inserts during high speed machining of stainless steel

To meet the challenge of higher speeds for higher production rates, carbides (also known as cemented or sintered carbides)were introduced in the 1930s. Tungsten carbide (WC) is a composite material consisting of tungsten-carbide particles bonded together in a cobalt matrix; an alternate name for WC is cemented carbides. As the cobalt content increases, the strength, hardness, and wear resistance of WC decrease, while its toughness increases because of the higher toughness of cobalt. Alumina based ceramic tools consist primarily of finegrained, high-purity aluminum oxide. They are cold-pressed into insert shapes under high pressure and sintered at high temperature. Additions of titanium nitride and zirconium oxide help improve properties such as toughness and thermalshock resistance. However, ceramics are very brittle, and their use may result in premature tool failure by chipping of the cutting edges or catastrophic failure. Due to their brittleness they are effective in high-speed, uninterrupted cutting operations. Because of their high hardness over a wide range of temperatures, high elastic modulus and thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion, carbides are among the most important, versatile, and cost-effective tool and die materials for a wide range of applications. In the present research work a study has been done to compare the flank wear of ceramic and tungsten carbide inserts during high speed machining. As flank wear increases, friction between the tool and the workpiece also increases. This results poor work surface finish and increase in cutting force and consequently more flank wear. It was found that for both ceramic and tungsten carbide tools flank wear increases with increase in cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. But cutting speed is the most significant factor resulting flank wear. The results of the investigation shows that flank wear is more for ceramic tools compared to that of carbide tools for most of the experiment runs. The reason behind it is, with increase in cutting parameters like cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut, vibration during machining increases that results microchipping of the cutting edge resulting higher flank wear. But when the cutting parameters are low, then less vibration occurs and ceramic tools shows better performance than carbides in terms of flank wear

Importance of thermophoretic particles deposition in ternary hybrid nanofluid with local thermal non-equilibrium conditions: Hamilton–Crosser and Yamada–Ota models

This article exhibits a brief study of magneto ternary hybrid nanofluid flow with thermophoretic particle deposition and porous medium based on the extended version of model, known as the Yamada-Ota and Hamilton Crosser models. Thermophoretic particle deposition, which is important in both aero-solution and electrical engineering, is one of the most fundamental methods for transferring small particles across a heat gradient. This suggested model's goal is to evaluate how well Hamilton-Crosser and Yamada-Ota, two trihybrid nanofluid models, perform. Advanced heat transfer systems, in particular the creation of effective cooling and heating technologies, may benefit from this research. Researchers can develop more efficient heat exchangers, boost thermal management in electronic devices, and increase energy efficiency in industrial processes by better understanding how thermophoretic particles behave in complicated nanofluid systems under various conditions. By using the required similarity variables, the MATLAB solver bvp4c package handles the system of ODEs acquired from the leading PDEs to arrive at the numerical solution. The relevant parameters' effects on the relevant fields have been graphically explained. The results show that when inter-phase heat transfer parameter value grows, thermal profile and rate of heat transfer decrease of liquid phase. With regard to heat and mass transfer effectiveness, the Yamada-Ota model performs better than the Hamilton Crosser trihybrid nanofluid model

Enhancement of machining performance during electrical discharge machining of stainless steel with carbon nanotube powder added dielectric fluid

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a nontraditional process of removing material from an electrically conductive work piece. It produces sparks to produce any desired shape cavity or geometry. The demand for good surface finish of a workpiece in EDM has developed a new method to improve surface condition where powder material is added to dielectric fluid during EDM. The present paper is on investigation of influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) powder addition to dielectric fluid on EDM performance. The effect of the addition of CNT is analyzed on MRR and surface roughness (Ra). The variable factors were pulse on time (Ton) and powder concentration. The addition of CNT powder has improved the surface roughness and MRR in comparison EDM without CNT addition. Lowest surface roughness obtained by the lowest Ton time of 6μs with the CNT powder concentration of 0.3 mg/L of 8.61μm compared to 9.97μm of no powder addition. Ton of 10μs has produced the highest surface roughness with no powder addition with the value of 30.38μm. The addition of 0.3mg/L powder addition and 10μs Ton enhanced the surface roughness to 29.40μm. The addition of CNT powder with the concentration of 0.3mg/L has also increased the MRR to the highest value of 0.4625g/min from 0.3503g/min without powder addition. The analysis of the result has shown that the MRR and surface finish improved due to CNT powder addition to dielectric

Paediatric COVID-19 mortality: a database analysis of the impact of health resource disparity

Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric populations varied between high-income countries (HICs) versus low-income to middle-income countries (LMICs). We sought to investigate differences in paediatric clinical outcomes and identify factors contributing to disparity between countries.Methods The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 database was queried to include children under 19 years of age admitted to hospital from January 2020 to April 2021 with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Univariate and multivariable analysis of contributing factors for mortality were assessed by country group (HICs vs LMICs) as defined by the World Bank criteria.Results A total of 12 860 children (3819 from 21 HICs and 9041 from 15 LMICs) participated in this study. Of these, 8961 were laboratory-confirmed and 3899 suspected COVID-19 cases. About 52% of LMICs children were black, and more than 40% were infants and adolescent. Overall in-hospital mortality rate (95% CI) was 3.3% [=(3.0% to 3.6%), higher in LMICs than HICs (4.0% (3.6% to 4.4%) and 1.7% (1.3% to 2.1%), respectively). There were significant differences between country income groups in intervention profile, with higher use of antibiotics, antivirals, corticosteroids, prone positioning, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in HICs. Out of the 439 mechanically ventilated children, mortality occurred in 106 (24.1%) subjects, which was higher in LMICs than HICs (89 (43.6%) vs 17 (7.2%) respectively). Pre-existing infectious comorbidities (tuberculosis and HIV) and some complications (bacterial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocarditis) were significantly higher in LMICs compared with HICs. On multivariable analysis, LMIC as country income group was associated with increased risk of mortality (adjusted HR 4.73 (3.16 to 7.10)).Conclusion Mortality and morbidities were higher in LMICs than HICs, and it may be attributable to differences in patient demographics, complications and access to supportive and treatment modalities