Plant densities and modulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean

Soybean nitrogen (N) demands can be supplied to a large extent via biological nitrogen fixation, but the mechanisms of source/sink regulating photosynthesis/nitrogen fixation in high yielding cultivars and current crop management arrangements need to be investigated. We investigated the modulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] at different plant densities. A field trial was performed in southern Brazil with six treatments, including non-inoculated controls without and with N-fertilizer, both at a density of 320,000 plants ha−1, and plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii at four densities, ranging from 40,000 to 320,000 plants ha−1. Differences in nodulation, biomass production, N accumulation and partition were observed at stage R5, but not at stage V4, indicating that quantitative and qualitative factors (such as sunlight infrared/red ratio) assume increasing importance during the later stages of plant growth. Decreases in density in the inoculated treatments stimulated photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation per plant. Similar yields were obtained at the different plant densities, with decreases only at the very low density level of 40,000 plants ha−1, which was also the only treatment to show differences in seed protein and oil contents. Results confirm a fine tuning of the mechanisms of source/sink, photosynthesis/nitrogen fixation under lower plant densities. Higher photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation rates are capable of sustaining increased plant growth

MICROSTRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON THE PHASE TRANSITIONS AND THE THERMAL EVOLUTION OF ELASTIC AND PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES IN HIGHLY DENSE, SUBMICRON-STRUCTURED NaNbO3 CERAMICS

The dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic coefficients, as well as the electromechanical coupling factors, of NaNbO3 submicron-structured ceramics have been obtained by an automatic iterative method from impedance measurements at resonance. Poled thin disks were measured from room temperature up to the depoling one, close to 300ºC. Dielectric thermal behaviour was determined also for unpoled ceramics up to the highest phase transition temperature. Ceramics were processed by hot-pressing from mechanically activated precursors. Microstructural effects on the properties are discussed. The suppression of the classical maximum in dielectric permittivity in unpoled ceramics at the phase transition at 370ºC was found when a bimodal distribution of grain sizes, in which a population of average grain size of 110 nm in between much coarser grains is observed. The appearance of a phase transition at 150ºC took place when Na vacancies are minimized. The occurrence of a non-centrosymmetric, ferroelectric phase, in the unpoled ceramic from room temperature to ~300ºC, highly polarisable resulting in high ferro-piezoelectric properties was also observed in the ceramic which presents grain size below 160 nm. Maximum values of kp=14%, d31=-8.7•10-12 C•N-1 and Np=3772 Hz•m at room temperature, and kp=18%, d31=-25.4•10-12 C•N-1 and Np=3722 Hz•m at 295ºC were achieved in the best processing conditions of the ceramics.Peer reviewe

Genome sequence of Pantoea sp. strain 1.19, isolated from rice rhizosphere, with the capacity to promote growth of legumes and nonlegumes

Pantoea sp. 1.19, a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB), was isolated from the rhizosphere of rice plants in Spain. Its genome, estimated at 3,771,065 bp, encodes 3,535 coding sequences (CDSs), carrying genes for synthesis of auxins, homoserine lactones, enzymes, siderophores, and quorum sensing. Several CDSs emphasize its biotechnological potential as an agriculture inoculant.Embrapa 02.13.08.001.00.00INCT-Plant-Growth Promoting Microorganisms for Agricultural Sustainability and Environmental Responsibility 465133/2014-2Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2016- 77163-

ntroduction to the planetary boundaries of ecocriminology: analysis of the global security against climate change

Las presiones antrópicas que soporta el planeta han llegado a un punto que algunos estudios califican como de no retorno, poniendo en peligro la salud planetaria. Frente a esta situación es necesario analizar cómo el daño ecológico generado por la especie humana está incrementando las injusticias a nivel global y cómo impacta sobre las posibles víctimas. El avance de la tecnología y las actividades generan nuevos riesgos vinculados a un modelo capitalista que fomenta la desigualdad a la vez que propicia un aumento de la presión sobre la propia naturaleza. Esto genera situaciones de riesgo que pueden representar amenazas para el planeta y todas las especies que residen en el mismo. Por ello, se han incluido en las Estrategias de Seguridad Nacional. Con esta perspectiva es necesario analizar estos daños generados a través de los límites que puede soportar el sistema Tierra, Gaia, y se realiza desde la ecocriminología para profundizar en aquellas amenazas que pueden ser cuantificadas y suponer un problema. Asimismo, se plantea dentro de esta perspectiva el impacto directo e indirecto que pueden sufrir las diferentes especies que residen en Gaia, además de los ecosistemas. Dentro de estas amenazas se analiza una de ellas de forma específica, pues nos centramos en el cambio climático como uno de los límites planetarios que han sido sobrepasados y que ha tenido que ser incorporado en la Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional.The anthropic pressures that the planet supports have reached a point that some studies describe as one of no return, endangering planetary health. Faced with this situation, it is necessary to analyze how the ecological damage generated by the human species is increasing injustices at a global level and how it impacts potential victims. The advancement of technology and activities generate new risks linked to a capitalist model that fosters inequality while propitiating an increase in pressure on nature itself. This generates risk situations that can represent threats to the planet and all the species that reside on it, which is why they have been included in National Security strategies. With this perspective, it is necessary to analyze these damages generated through the limits that the Earth system, Gaia, can withstand from ecocriminology to delve into those threats that can be quantified and pose a problem. Likewise, within this perspective, the direct and indirect impact that the different species that reside in Gaia and even ecosystems may suffer is considered. Within these threats, one of them is analyzed specifically since we focus on climate change as one of the planetary limits that have been exceeded and that has had to be incorporated into the National Security Strategy

Recensión: Southern Green Criminology. A science to end ecological discrimination

El libro del profesor David Rodríguez Goyes, Southern Green Criminology: A Science to End Ecological Discrimination, supone una obra que viene a marcar un hito en la propia disciplina. El autor es uno de los académicos emergentes y con mayor perspectiva dentro de la criminología verde, en su amplia trayectoria académica y con esta obra se viene a culminar el trabajo de más de una década. Realiza un amplio recorrido sobre la visión que desde la criminología del Sur se tiene en la relación existente entre lo humano y la propia naturaleza. Esta relación, de vital importancia para el planeta, no ha tenido un gran interés para la criminología en España, no obstante, vemos como que con el avance de investigaciones como la suya van abriendo nuevas opciones para investigadores

Ecological harm to the galician coast caused by the Prestige spill in the light of Ecocriminology: the ecosystem as a victim

El desastre ecológico ocasionado por el vertido del Prestige generó gran controver- sia a nivel social y, desde un punto de vista jurídico y criminológico se produjo un debate de gran intensidad. Tras dos décadas de aquel suceso se analiza el daño eco- lógico generado desde la Ecocriminología, perspectiva verde que analiza el daño medioambiental empleando diferentes áreas de conocimiento y contando con una nueva e innovadora metodología. Desde este punto de partida se analizan los he- chos probados en las sentencias dictadas por los diferentes órganos jurisdiccionales desde la concepción del cri- men medioambiental atendiendo a la dualidad entre el Derecho penal y la propia Criminología verde o Ecocriminología. Ello se realiza con la finalidad de detectar aquellas cuestiones que pueden ser concebidas como de injusticia atendiendo a llamada justicia ecológica, posicionamiento empleado en la Ecocriminología y también en laVictimología verde que nos servirá para proponer una formulación de víctimas y actores en este suceso. Asimismo, se incorporan nuevos enfoques a tener en cuenta dentro de las prácticas restaurativas orientadas a dar respuesta a esos daños medioambientales y ecológicos generados a través de nuevas fórmulas empleadas en la actualidad.The ecological disaster of the Prestige spill generated great controversy at a social level and from a legal and criminological point of view. After two decades of that event, it is intended to analyze the ecological damage generated from ecocriminology, a green perspective that analyzes envi- ronmental damage using different areas of knowledge and counting on scientific methodologies such as Ecology. From this starting point, the facts proven in the sentences handed down by the different jurisdictional bodies are analyzed from the conception of environmental crime, taking into account the duality between criminal law and green criminology or ecocriminology itself. This is done in order to detect those issues that can be conceived as injustice based on what is known as ecological justice, a position used in ecocriminology and also in green victimology that will help us to propose a formulation of victims and actors in this event. Likewise, new approa- ches are incorporated to take into account the restorative practices aimed at responding to these environmental and ecological damage generated through new formulas currently used

Síndrome de burnout producido por COVID-19 en personal del Centro de Salud Sauces, Guayaquil - Ecuador, 2020

Dentro del objetivo del siguiente estudio se intenta Identificar el nivel de Síndrome de Burnout en el personal de salud del Centro de Salud de Sauces, Guayaquil, Ecuador 2020, este estudio es una investigación de tipo descriptivo simple cuantitativo de corte transversal , se realizó una encuesta a 60 personas que trabajan en el centro de salud de Sauces en la cual se les realizo la aplicación del test de Maslach Burnout Inventory teniendo como resultado un nivel de síndrome de burnout de nivel medio a nivel alto, 53% de nivel medio y un 47% de nivel alto, en la dimensión de cansancio emocional un 51,7% alto , en el de despersonalización el 45% medio y el de realización personal tiene un porcentaje de 55% que constituye un nivel alto, llegando a la conclusión que el Centro de Salud presenta un nivel medio a alto de Síndrome de Burnout. Conclusión: se identifico que el personal de salud que labora en esta institución presenta un grado medio y alto del síndrome del quemado durante la pandemia del Covid-19 con la dimensión de cansancio emocional alto

Macroscopic ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity in nanostructured BiScO3–PbTiO3 ceramics

3 pages, 4 figures.-- PACS: 77.80.Bh; 73.61.Ng; 77.84.Dy; 77.80.Fm; 81.20.EvWe have studied the macroscopic electrical properties of highly dense, nanostructured ceramics of BiScO3–PbTiO3 with high Curie temperature and piezoelectric activity. Materials were processed by spark plasma sintering of nanocrystalline powder obtained by mechanosynthesis. Results indicate that the nanostructured material still presents the ferroelectric transition above 700 K. Ferroelectric switching is unambiguously demonstrated. Furthermore, ceramic disks were poled and their radial piezoelectric resonance was excited, which has not been achieved in nanostructured BaTiO3 ceramics.Funded by MEC (Spain) through the MAT2007-61884 and MAT2008-02003/NAN projects. H.A. and T.H. thank the financial support by MEC (JdC Programme) and MAEAECI, respectively. Collaboration between ICMM and CEMES is framed within the ESF COST Action 539 ELENA.Peer reviewe