188 research outputs found
American Etiquette and Rules of Politeness (Part One)
This is a volume dedicated to explaining American etiquette, which the authors consider to be, The most complete work on Etiquette that has yet been presented to the public. This first part of the book covers the value of etiquette, good manners, social intercourse, home etiquette, home culture, entrance into society, introductions, salutations, conversation, table etiquette, street etiquette, traveling, riding, driving, public etiquette, calling and visiting, receptions, parties, dinners, women\u27s higher culture, courtship, marriage, wedding etiquette, good conduct, anniversaries, personal care and hygiene, and clothing.https://openworks.wooster.edu/motherhomeheaven/1080/thumbnail.jp
American Etiquette and Rules of Politeness (Part Two)
This is a volume dedicated to explaining American etiquette, which the authors consider to be, The most complete work on Etiquette that has yet been presented to the public. This second part of the book discusses the etiquette of gifts, business, letter writing, notes, cards, funerals, addressing foreign people with titles, games, and amusements. It also discusses specific etiquette for Washington, D.C. The final chapters explain the language of flowers, the significance of precious stones, and recipes for personal care.https://openworks.wooster.edu/motherhomeheaven/1081/thumbnail.jp
Implications of "peak oil" for atmospheric CO2 and climate
Unconstrained CO2 emission from fossil fuel burning has been the dominant
cause of observed anthropogenic global warming. The amounts of "proven" and
potential fossil fuel reserves are uncertain and debated. Regardless of the
true values, society has flexibility in the degree to which it chooses to
exploit these reserves, especially unconventional fossil fuels and those
located in extreme or pristine environments. If conventional oil production
peaks within the next few decades, it may have a large effect on future
atmospheric CO2 and climate change, depending upon subsequent energy choices.
Assuming that proven oil and gas reserves do not greatly exceed estimates of
the Energy Information Administration, and recent trends are toward lower
estimates, we show that it is feasible to keep atmospheric CO2 from exceeding
about 450 ppm by 2100, provided that emissions from coal, unconventional fossil
fuels, and land use are constrained. Coal-fired power plants without
sequestration must be phased out before mid-century to achieve this CO2 limit.
It is also important to "stretch" conventional oil reserves via energy
conservation and efficiency, thus averting strong pressures to extract liquid
fuels from coal or unconventional fossil fuels while clean technologies are
being developed for the era "beyond fossil fuels". We argue that a rising price
on carbon emissions is needed to discourage conversion of the vast fossil
resources into usable reserves, and to keep CO2 beneath the 450 ppm ceiling.Comment: (22 pages, 7 figures; final version accepted by Global Biogeochemical
Cycles
Exploring the genetics of irritable bowel syndrome: A GWA study in the general population and replication in multinational case-control cohorts
OBJECTIVE:
IBS shows genetic predisposition, but adequately powered gene-hunting efforts have been scarce so far. We sought to identify true IBS genetic risk factors by means of genome-wide association (GWA) and independent replication studies.
DESIGN:
We conducted a GWA study (GWAS) of IBS in a general population sample of 11\u2005326 Swedish twins. IBS cases (N=534) and asymptomatic controls (N=4932) were identified based on questionnaire data. Suggestive association signals were followed-up in 3511 individuals from six case-control cohorts. We sought genotype-gene expression correlations through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-expression quantitative trait loci interactions testing, and performed in silico prediction of gene function. We compared candidate gene expression by real-time qPCR in rectal mucosal biopsies of patients with IBS and controls.
RESULTS:
One locus at 7p22.1, which includes the genes KDELR2 (KDEL endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 2) and GRID2IP (glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2 (Grid2) interacting protein), showed consistent IBS risk effects in the index GWAS and all replication cohorts and reached p=9.31
710(-6) in a meta-analysis of all datasets. Several SNPs in this region are associated with cis effects on KDELR2 expression, and a trend for increased mucosal KDLER2 mRNA expression was observed in IBS cases compared with controls.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results demonstrate that general population-based studies combined with analyses of patient cohorts provide good opportunities for gene discovery in IBS. The 7p22.1 and other risk signals detected in this study constitute a good starting platform for hypothesis testing in future functional investigations.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions
Complex circular subsidence structures in tephra deposited on large blocks of ice: VarĂ°a tuff cone, ĂrĂŠfajökull, Iceland
Several broadly circular structures up to 16 m in diameter, into which higher strata have sagged and locally collapsed, are present in a tephra outcrop on southwest ĂrĂŠfajökull, southern Iceland. The tephra was sourced in a nearby basaltic tuff cone at VarĂ°a. The structures have not previously been described in tuff cones, and they probably formed by the melting out of large buried blocks of ice emplaced during a preceding jökulhlaup that may have been triggered by a subglacial eruption within the ĂrĂŠfajökull ice cap. They are named ice-melt subsidence structures, and they are analogous to kettle holes that are commonly found in proglacial sandurs and some lahars sourced in ice-clad volcanoes. The internal structure is better exposed in the VarĂ°a examples because of an absence of fluvial infilling and reworking, and erosion of the outcrop to reveal the deeper geometry. The ice-melt subsidence structures at VarĂ°a are a proxy for buried ice. They are the only known evidence for a subglacial eruption and associated jökulhlaup that created the ice blocks. The recognition of such structures elsewhere will be useful in reconstructing more complete regional volcanic histories as well as for identifying ice-proximal settings during palaeoenvironmental investigations
FOXP3 TSDR Measurement Could Assist Variant Classification and Diagnosis of IPEX Syndrome
This is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordData Availability:
The genotype and clinical data in this study could be used to identify individuals and so cannot be made openly available. Access to data is open to any scientist or institution that complies with the required data protection regulation to protect the identity of the donors, within the framework of the existing consent. Requests for collaboration can be made by application to the Genetic Beta Cell Research Bank (https://www.diabetesgenes.org/current-research/genetic-beta-cell-research-bank/).Pathogenic FOXP3 variants cause immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked (IPEX) syndrome, a progressive autoimmune disease resulting from disruption of the regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment. Assigning pathogenicity to novel variants in FOXP3 is challenging due to the heterogeneous phenotype and variable immunological abnormalities. The number of cells with demethylation at the Treg cell-specific demethylated region (TSDR) is an independent biomarker of IPEX. We aimed to investigate if diagnosing IPEX at presentation with isolated diabetes could allow for effective monitoring of disease progression and assess whether TSDR analysis can aid FOXP3 variant classification and predict disease course. We describe a large genetically diagnosed IPEX cohort (nâ=â65) and 13 individuals with other monogenic autoimmunity subtypes in whom we quantified the proportion of cells with FOXP3 TSDR demethylation, normalized to the number with CD4 demethylation (%TSDR/CD4) and compare them to 29 unaffected controls. IPEX patients presenting with isolated diabetes (50/65, 77%) often later developed enteropathy (20/50, 40%) with a median interval of 23.5Â weeks. %TSDR/CD4 was a good discriminator of IPEX vs. unaffected controls (ROC-AUC 0.81, median 13.6% vs. 8.5%, pâ<â0.0001) with higher levels of demethylation associated with more severe disease. Patients with other monogenic autoimmunity had a similar %TSDR/CD4 to controls (median 8.7%, pâ=â1.0). Identifying increased %TSDR/CD4 in patients with novel FOXP3 mutations presenting with isolated diabetes facilitates diagnosis and could offer an opportunity to monitor patients and begin immune modulatory treatment before onset of severe enteropathy.Wellcome TrustDiabetes UKResearch EnglandNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR
The Temperature Distribution of Dense Molecular Gas in the Center of NGC 253
[abridged] We present interferometric maps of ammonia (NH3) of the nearby
starburst galaxy NGC 253 [star formation rate: ~2.8 Mo yr^(-1)]. The
observations have been taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and
include the para-NH3 (1,1), (2,2), and the ortho-NH3 (3,3) and (6,6) inversion
lines. Six major complexes of dense ammonia are identified, three of them on
either side of the starburst center, out to projected galactocentric radii of
\~250 pc. [...] The application of radiative transfer large velocity gradient
models reveals that the bulk of the ammonia molecules is embedded in a
one-temperature gas phase. Kinetic temperatures of this gas are ~200 and 140 K
toward the south-west and north-east [of the nucleus of NGC 253], respectively.
The temperatures under which ammonia was formed in the past are with >~30 K
also warmer toward the south-west than toward the north-east (~15-20 K). This
is indicated by the ortho-to-para ammonia ratio which is ~1 and 1.5-2.5 toward
the south-west and north-east, respectively. Ammonia column densities in the
brightest complexes are in the range of 6-11x10^(14) cm^(-2), which adds up to
a total ammonia mass of ~20 Mo, about evenly distributed toward both sides of
the nucleus. [...] Toward the center of NGC 253, NH3 (1,1), (2,2), and (6,6) is
detected in absorption against an unresolved continuum source. At the same
location, however, ammonia (3,3) is found in emission which indicates maser
activity. This would be the first detected extragalactic NH3 maser. Evidence
for an expanding shell in the south-western complex is provided. [...] The
shell and X-ray properties can be reproduced by the energy input of a highly
obscured young stellar cluster with a mass of ~10^5 Mo which also heats the
dense gas.Comment: 42 pages including 13 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
The First New Zealanders? An Alternative Interpretation of Stable Isotope Data from Wairau Bar, New Zealand.
PLOS ONE Volume 8 includes an article âThe First New Zealanders: Patterns of Diet and Mobility Revealed through Isotope Analysisâ. The paper proposes that burial groups within the settlement phase site of Wairau Bar differ in terms of dietary stable isotopes and 87Sr/86Sr. The authors argue this difference is probably due to one group being a founding population while the other burials are later. Here we review the work of Kinaston et al. and present an alternative analysis and interpretation of the isotopic data. Treating the isotope data independently from cultural and biological factors we find that sex best explains dietary variation. Our reassessment of 87Sr/86Sr confirms the authors original finding of high mobility of early New Zealanders but suggests a larger range of individuals should be considered ânon-localâ on current evidence
Late style and speaking out: J A Symonds's In the Key of Blue
This article examines In the Key of Blue (1893)âan essay collection by John Addington Symondsâas a case study in queer public utterance during the early 1890s. Viewed through the critical lens of late style, as theorised by Edward Said, the evolution of this project, from compilation through to reader reception, reveals Symonds's determination to âspeak outâ on the subject of homosexuality. Paradoxically, In the Key of Blue was thus a timely and untimely work: it belonged to a brief period of increased visibility and expressiveness when dealing with male same-sex desire, spearheaded by a younger generation of Decadent writers, but it also cut against the grain of nineteenth-century social taboo and legal repression. Symonds's essay collection brought together new and previously unpublished work with examples of his writing for the periodical press. These new combinations, appearing together for the first time, served to facilitate new readings and new inferences, bringing homosexual themes to the fore. This article traces the dialogic structure of In the Key of Blue , its strategies for articulating homosexual desire, and examines the response of reviewers, from the hostile to celebratory
Spirals of Spirituality: A Qualitative Study Exploring Dynamic Patterns of Spirituality in Turkish Organizations
This paper explores organizational spirituality, uncovers it as spiralling dynamics of both positive and negative potentialities, and proposes how leaders can shape these dynamics to improve the human conditions at the workplace. Based on case study of five Turkish organizations and drawing on the emerging discourse on spirituality in organizations literature, this study provides a deeper understanding of how dynamic patterns of spirituality operate in organizations. Insights from participant observation, organizational data, and semi-structured interviews yield three key themes of organizational spirituality: reflexivity, connectivity, and responsibility. Each of these themes has been found to be connected to upward spirals (inspiration, engagement, and calling) and downward spirals (incivility, silence, and fatigue). The study provides a detailed and holistic account of the individual and organizational processes through which spirituality is enacted both positively and negatively, exploring its dynamic and dualistic nature, as embodied in the fabric of everyday life and culture
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