Bilan et perspectives des deux écoles techniques « notions et techniques en écologie » organisées par le Département EFPA

La création du Département «Écologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques» a suscité de la part des personnels techniques concernés une volonté d’intégration collective sous le concept fédérateur de l’écologie. Pour cela deux écoles techniques ont été organisées sur des notions et méthodes d’écologie par un Comité de pilotage composé de techniciens et de scientifiques. L’objectif visait à familiariser les techniciens aux concepts de l’écologie et à les aider à se situer dans les thématiques de recherche du Département EFPA. Enfin, il s’agissait d’instaurer une communauté de pratique autour de l’écologie. Ces écoles ont rassemblé 79 personnes, en proposant visites sur le terrain et séances en salle. Deux animations ont particulièrement été appréciées, l’une sous forme d’un jeu en préambule, l’autre sous forme de présentations par des binômes techniciens/chercheurs. Les participants sont plutôt convaincus d’avoir progressé sur les notions en écologie et ils ont la volonté d’aller plus loin avec la création d’un Réseau de Technicien en Ecologie (RTE), la mise en place d’une liste de diffusion et l’organisation régulière de rencontres entre membres du réseau

Bilan du dispositif de professionnalisation des gestionnaires d’unité

il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : REPORTabsen

Developing reflexivity in the PhD student – supervisor(s) system: An innovative training programme in a French research institute

Doctoral supervision has been described as a process, where research, knowledge and individuals are intertwined in a transformative process of a bidirectional nature, for both the student and his/her supervisor(s) (Halse, 2011; Kobayashi, 2014). This process relies on a human-centered system based on a dialogic and interactive relationship between two persons, their individualities and styles (Gatfield and Alpert, 2002), mixing power relations (Manathunga, 2007; Hemer, 2012), academic competences and inter/intra-personal spheres (Baptista, 2015). However, research educational efforts are usually split into programmes focused either on the doctoral candidates, putting the emphasis on the development of the research student, or more recently, on the supervisors with a range of initiatives in supervisor development (Lee, 2015). As a result, they still miss the “supervision system”. We present EDEN1, a training programme for the supervisory dyad in which the doctoral candidate and his/her supervisor(s) are educated together as a continuously learning system. After presenting the evolving French context of PhD and INRA2 in which EDEN has been designed, we develop our viewpoint of the PhD process as a professionalisation and peer-learning process relying on a mentoring relationship that aims at developing the scientific autonomy for the young researcher. We then detail our educational choices, i.e. enhancing reflexivity through action learning, combining inputs and practice sharing, highlighting doctoral diversity and scientific pluralism. We also describe the one-week organisation of EDEN courses, with plenary sessions, workshops in small groups, specific sessions either for students or supervisors and working sessions for the dyads.To conclude, we highlight some questions that emerge from the EDEN experience after 3 years of implementation, thus outlining some possible developments for the EDEN programme as well as research questions in educational research

EDEN, an innovative training programme in a French research institute to develop reflexivity in the PhD student – supervisor(s) system

EDEN, an innovative training programme in a French research institute to develop reflexivity in the PhD student – supervisor(s) syste

Combined Omics Approach Identifies Gambogic Acid and Related Xanthones as Covalent Inhibitors of the Serine Palmitoyltransferase Complex

In this study, we identify the natural product gambo-gic acid as well as structurally related synthetic xan-thones as first-in-class covalent inhibitors of the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. We apply chemo-proteomics to determine that gambogic acid binds to the regulatory small subunit B of the serine palmi-toyltransferase complex (SPTSSB). We then test structurally related synthetic xanthones to identify 18 as an equally potent but more selective binder of SPTSSB and show that 18 reduces sphingolipid levels in situ and in vivo. Finally, using various biolog-ical methods, we demonstrate that 18 induces cellular responses characteristic for diminished sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling. This study demonstrates that SPTSSB may become a viable therapeutic target in various diseases with patholog-ical S1P signaling. Furthermore, we believe that our compound will become a valuable tool for studying the sphingolipid metabolism and serve as a blueprint for the development of a new generation of sphingo-lipid biosynthesis inhibitors

Early Outcomes and Risk Factors in Orthognathic Surgery for Mandibular and Maxillary Hypo- and Hyperplasia: A 13-Year Analysis of a Multi-Institutional Database

Background: Orthognathic surgery (OS) is a frequently performed procedure for the correction of dentofacial deformities and malocclusion. Research on OS is mostly limited to single-surgeon experience or single-institutional reports. We, therefore, retrospectively analyzed a multi-institutional database to investigate outcomes of OS and identify risk factors for peri- and postoperative complications. Methods: We reviewed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database (2008–2020) to identify patients who underwent OS for mandibular and maxillary hypo- and hyperplasia. The postoperative outcomes of interest included 30-day surgical and medical complications, reoperation, readmission, and mortality. We also evaluated risk factors for complications. Results: The study population included 674 patients, 48% of whom underwent single jaw surgery, 40% double jaw surgery, and 5.5% triple jaw surgery. The average age was 29 ± 11 years, with an equal gender distribution (females: n = 336; 50%, males: n = 338; 50%). Adverse events were relatively rare, with a total of 29 (4.3%) complications reported. The most common surgical complication was superficial incisional infection (n = 14; 2.1%). While the multivariable analysis revealed isolated single lower jaw surgery (p = 0.03) to be independently associated with surgical complication occurrence, it also identified an association between the outpatient setting and the frequency of surgical complications (p = 0.03) and readmissions (p = 0.02). In addition, Asian ethnicity was identified as a risk factor for bleeding (p = 0.003) and readmission (p = 0.0009). Conclusion: Based on the information recorded by the ACS-NSQIP database, our analysis underscored the positive (short-term) safety profile of OS. We found OS of the mandible to be associated with higher complication rates. The calculated risk role of OS in the outpatient setting warrants further investigation. A significant correlation between Asian OS patients and postoperative adverse events was found. Implementation of these novel risk factors into the surgical workflow may help facial surgeons refine their patient selection and improve patient outcomes. Future studies are needed to investigate the causal relationships of the observed statistical correlations