Prevention and early management of in-hospital cardiac arrest: a challenge for nursing educators

Cardiac arrest can be defined as the heart’s inability to effectively eject blood out due to either an electrical or mechanical failure. This condition poses an immediate threat to life and is always considered to be a medical emergency. In Western countries, cardiac arrest is continuously highlighted as one of the leading causes of in-hospital death and the latest research suggests that survival rates after suffering one of these episodes still remain below 20%. Consequently, prevention and effective early management of in-hospital cardiac arrest constitute the basis of international algorithms for saving lives

Prediction and dynamics of ripples and the bottom boundary layer under combined wave and current flow in the field (poster)

Previously published investigations on the wave bottom boundary layer and ripple geometry are combined to derive a new ripple predictor for flows under waves or under combined wave-current flows. The ripple predictor of Nielsen (1981) for waves only was modified in order to use it in combined flows. The modified model now uses the effective Shields parameter total roughness-related in contrast to the most commonly used Shields parameter grain roughness-related. To predict the ripple geometry the proposed model uses the results of the Christoffersen and Jonsson (1985) model, which describes the dynamics of the wave-current bottom boundary layer (WCBBL). The ripple predictor and the WCBBL model take into account the bedforms already existing to predict the new ripple and flow field. The predicted ripple and WCBBL parameters fits very well the selected measurements of Li and Amos (1998) for ripple geometry and observations on saltation/suspension and sheet flow. The ripple predictor proposed models the ripple field in the break-off range and when large wave ripples were observed in the field, after the peak of the storms, without explicit assumptions. The apparent roughness length modelled by the WCBBL model is similar to measurements, made by other researchers in laboratories

Prevention and early management of in-hospital cardiac arrest: a challenge for nursing educators

Cardiac arrest can be defined as the heart’s inability to effectively eject blood out due to either an electrical or mechanical failure. This condition poses an immediate threat to life and is always considered to be a medical emergency. In Western countries, cardiac arrest is continuously highlighted as one of the leading causes of in-hospital death and the latest research suggests that survival rates after suffering one of these episodes still remain below 20%. Consequently, prevention and effective early management of in-hospital cardiac arrest constitute the basis of international algorithms for saving lives

Estudio de Línea Base a nivel de comunidad. Reporte de análisis de la comunidad Tierra Fría, Santa Rita, Copán, Honduras

En el año 2014, el programa Cambio Climático Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS por sus siglas en inglés) inició los estudios de línea base a nivel de comunidad en sitios inicialmente identificados tanto en Latinoamérica como en el Sur del Asia. Esto complementa las encuestas cuantitativas de línea base a hogares y las encuestas a instituciones; y además, representa el primer paso hacía el compromiso local de investigación-acción participativa. Estudios similares de línea base a nivel de comunidades también fueron implementados en la primera mitad del 2011 en todos los sitios CCAFS del Este y Oeste de África y el Sur de Asia. Este reporte resume los resultados del estudio de línea base de la comunidad Tierra Fría, del Municipio Santa Rita, localizada en el Departamento de Copán en Honduras. El mismo se basa en la percepción de hombres y mujeres de la citada comunidad a cerca de: (i) los recursos con los que cuentan actualmente y los cambios que han ocurrido en las condiciones de dichos recursos durante los últimos 15 años1, (ii) las instituciones con presencia en la comunidad y los temas en los que las mismas trabajan y (iii) las redes de información que las personas utilizan para acceder a información relacionada a agricultura y el clima. Las personas identificaron en su comunidad recursos naturales tales como: bosque y pozos (agua), e infraestructura: caminos y carreteras, centro de salud, viviendas, escuela e iglesia. Las personas perciben cambios en el estado de sus recursos, principalmente disminución de los bosques, lo que repercute en menor existencia de fauna, calidad del agua y del ambiente. Entre los cambios también mencionan la baja fertilidad de los suelos, resultando en bajos rendimientos de sus cultivos. Los miembros de la comunidad argumentan que la alta densidad poblacional y el inadecuado y desinformado manejo de los recursos han degradado su espacio y agudizado los efectos del cambio climático en la zona. Tanto hombres como mujeres son conscientes de los beneficios ambientales que proveen los recursos naturales como: fuentes de agua (pozos) y el bosque, así como de la existencia de diversas acciones que están afectando a estos recursos repercutiendo en los beneficios obtenidos de los mismos. Los miembros de la comunidad argumentan tener incidencia sobre el manejo de la mayor parte de los recursos naturales, lo que representa una gran ventaja para su involucramiento en el manejo y mejora de la calidad de estos recursos. La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN) es un tema importante en la comunidad y debido a ello hay presencia de instituciones trabajando en temas relacionados con los tres pilares de la SAN. De las nueve instituciones que los hombres identificaron en el mapeo institucional cuatro de ellas están trabajando temas SAN y de las 10 instituciones identificadas por las mujeres, ocho trabajan en alguno de los pilares de la SAN. Los principales medios de comunicación identificados por las personas de la comunidad para acceder a información climática son: la radio y la televisión, así como relaciones interpersonales con vecinos, amigos y técnicos. Se identificó que aproximadamente el 50% de la población cuenta con servicio de teléfono móvil, lo que puede considerarse una oportunidad en actividades para compartir información

Contextual, socioeconomic and cultural impacts on the outcomes of Mexico in reading in PISA 2009

La prueba PISA es una evaluación internacional sobre las competencias de lectura, matemáticas y ciencias de los estudiantes de 15 años de edad. En el presente estudio se analizan los efectos que las variables individuales y contextuales tienen en la escala global de lectura y en sus tres dominios durante la aplicación de 2009, en 32 estados de la república mexicana. Mediante el análisis jerárquico multinivel puede apreciarse que las variables contextuales escolares tienen mayor impacto que algunos factores individuales. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia que tiene la composición socioeconómica y cultural perteneciente al contexto escolar sobre el desarrollo de las competencias para las sociedades del conocimiento, concretamente la competencia lectora. En contraste, se puede apreciar que los efectos individuales de la mencionada composición son significativamente menores a los contextuales, lo que podría significar la implementación de políticas educativas y sociales, donde se puedan establecer contextos enriquecedores que favorezcan a los alumnos con problemas de aprendizaje en los alumnos de 15 añosThe Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is an international assessment of reading literacy, mathematics and science for students 15 years of age. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of the effects of socio-economic and cultural status on reading literacy in the global scale and on its three domains during 2009 in 32 states of Mexico. Using hierarchical linear modeling it can be appreciated that the contextual variables have an influence equal to or greater than some individual characteristics. The results highlight the importance of socioeconomic and cultural composition of the school on the development of skills for the knowledge society. In contrast, the individual effects of socioeconomical and cultural composition are significantly lower than contextual, which could mean the implementation of educational and social policies, where they can establish enriching environments that support students with learning disabilities in the students 15 year

Some

constraints on the physical realizability of a mathematical constructio

Using cartographies to map time and space in teacher learning in and outside school

This article explores the relations between teachers' visual cartographies and oral narratives to better understand the spatial and temporal relations on teacher learning. It builds on a research project whose main questions were: 1) How and where do secondary school teachers learn to teach? 2) What are the consequences of this learning in their pedagogical relations and their students' learning processes and results? Since narrative research has been a common way of approaching the subject and have led to an emphasis on learning as a journey across contexts and over time, some of its contributions to explore teachers' learning paths are theoretically discussed, and visual methods, particularly cartographies, are also examined. Furthermore, the article presents the analysis of cartographies and video recordings of 29 secondary school teachers focusing on the interactions in different spaces and moments in time described by them. Findings suggest that learning to be a teacher may happen in interactions with objects, people and spaces beyond the boundaries of school, university and formal places of training and learning. They also show that the rhizomatic character of the cartographies may not prevent teleological thinking or the idea that any kind of learning is purposeful. Finally, this paper concludes that teachers' learning does not fit the representational frame that distinguishes between formal contents and leisure activities, classrooms and private spaces, lessons and bodies, emotions and knowledge

Development, alternatives and social change from communications perspective: A look at Observatorio Crítico from Cuba

Este artículo propone una sistematización del área de la comunicación para el desarrollo, para el cambio social y alternativa después de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se discuten varios enfoques teóricos, iniciativas prácticas y aproximaciones académicas relacionadas a las continuas transformaciones en esta área de la comunicación. Desde presupuestos básicos hasta tendencias actuales, se contextualiza este campo de estudios en diferentes escenarios geográficos y temporales, con énfasis en la región de América Latina. Se aborda las potencialidades que brindan plataformas y redes de trabajo como los Observatorios Sociales. Nos detenemos en el caso de Cuba, para mostrar una propuesta de cambio social impulsada desde la Red Protagónica Observatorio Crítico y cómo esa experiencia pionera fue sucedida por la conformación de proyectos alternativos de comunicación que confrontan el sistema mediático y el discurso político dominantes en la Isla.The article proposes a systematization of the area of communication for development, alternative communication, and communication for social change, after the second half of the twentieth century. Several theoretical approaches, practical initiatives and academic outlooks related to the continuous transformations in this area of communication are discussed. From basic assumptions to current trends, we aim to contextualize this field of study in different geographical and temporal settings, with emphasis on the Latin American region and the potential offered by platforms and networks such as Social Observatories. Specifically, we look at the context of Cuba, to show a proposal for social change promoted by the Red Protagónica Observatorio Crítico (Critical Observatory Network), and how that experience was followed by the creation of alternative communication projects that confront the mainstream media and the hegemonic political discourses in the Island

Effects of two teaching strategies on the relationship between nursing students’ self-efficacy and performance in BLS/AED

Purpose: Nurses and nursing students are often first responders to in-hospital cardiac arrest events; thus they are expected to perform Basic Life Support (BLS) and use an automated external defibrillator (AED) without delay. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between nursing students’ self-efficacy and performance before and after receiving a particular training intervention in BLS/AED. Materials and methods: Explanatory correlational study. 177 nursing students received a 4-h training session in BLS/AED after being randomized to either a self-directed (SDG) or an instructor-directed teaching group (IDG).1 A validated self-efficacy scale, the Cardiff Test and Laerdal SkillReporter® software were used to assess students’ self-efficacy and performance in BLS/AED at pre-test, post-test and 3-month retention-test. Independent t-test analysis was performed to compare the differences between groups at pre-test. Pearson coefficient (r) was used to calculate the strength of the relationship between self-efficacy and performance in both groups at pre-test, post-test and retention-test. Results: Independent t-tests analysis showed that there were non-significant differences (p-values > 0.05) between groups for any of the variables measured. At pre-test, results showed that correlation between self-efficacy and performance was moderate for the IDG (r = 0.53; p < 0.05) and the SDG (r = 0.49; p < 0.05). At post-test, correlation between self-efficacy and performance was much higher for the SDG (r = 0.81; p < 0.05) than for the IDG (r = 0.32; p < 0.05), which in fact was weaker than at pre-test. Finally, it was found that whereas the correlation between self-efficacy and performance increased from the post-test to the retention-test to almost reach baseline levels for the ILG (r = 0.52; p < 0.05), it slightly decreased in this phase for the SDG (r = 0.77; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Student-directed strategies may be more effective than instructor-directed strategies at promoting self-assessment and, therefore, may help to improve and maintain the relationship between nursing student self-efficacy and actual ability to perform BLS/AED