Breastfeeding and behavior disorders among children and adolescents: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review study aimed to assess the evidence available for the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood and adolescence. METHODS: The search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and PsycINFO databases up to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional studies assessing the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood or adolescence, using psychometric tests, carried out in humans and published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The search was performed in several stages by two independent researchers using pre-established criteria. RESULTS: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Breastfeeding for a period equal to or higher than three or four months seemed to be inversely associated with total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood; however, the association remains unclear for other behavior disorders. Only four studies assessed behavior disorders in adolescence, and when an association was found, it was likely to be positive. The duration of breastfeeding seemed to be more important than the exclusive or non-exclusive pattern of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfed children for at least three to four months had fewer total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood. Further studies are needed to better understand this association, particularly in adolescence and involving other behavioral profiles

Does IQ influence association between working memory and adhd symptoms in young adults?

Objective: This study examined the association between WM and ADHD symptoms in young adults and whether IQ-score influenced this association. Method: Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study were analyzed (N = 2,845). Working memory and ADHD symptoms were collected at 22 years. IQ was examined at age 18. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to assess the associations between working memory and ADHD symptoms. We also evaluated whether IQ modified associations between working memory and ADHD symptoms. Results: Working memory was negatively associated with Inattention symptoms of ADHD. The association between working memory and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms of ADHD varied by IQ. Conclusions: This study provides new insights to theories about the relationship between WM and ADHD symptoms as well as the development of interventions aimed at improving the performance of WM in ADHD

Breastfeeding and behavior disorders among children and adolescents:a systematic review

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This systematic review study aimed to assess the evidence available for the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood and adolescence. METHODS The search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and PsycINFO databases up to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional studies assessing the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood or adolescence, using psychometric tests, carried out in humans and published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The search was performed in several stages by two independent researchers using pre-established criteria. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Breastfeeding for a period equal to or higher than three or four months seemed to be inversely associated with total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood; however, the association remains unclear for other behavior disorders. Only four studies assessed behavior disorders in adolescence, and when an association was found, it was likely to be positive. The duration of breastfeeding seemed to be more important than the exclusive or non-exclusive pattern of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Breastfed children for at least three to four months had fewer total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood. Further studies are needed to better understand this association, particularly in adolescence and involving other behavioral profiles

Hepatite B na Amazônia ocidental brasileira: conhecimento e medidas de biossegurança entre profissionais de enfermagem

Justificativa e objetivos: A biossegurança é de extrema importância para os profissionais de enfermagem, principalmente em áreas de elevado padrão endêmico para agravos como a infecção por vírus da hepatite B. Nesse sentido, o estudo teve como objetivo descrever aspectos relacionados às medidas de biossegurança e à infecção por vírus da hepatite B entre profissionais de enfermagem na Amazônia ocidental brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado com profissionais de enfermagem atuantes no centro obstétrico de um hospital materno infantil. Resultados: 30 profissionais participaram da pesquisa, sendo 33,3% enfermeiros e 66,7% técnicos de enfermagem. A maioria foi do sexo feminino (70%) com média de idade de 40,9 anos. Para toda a amostra, 86,7% dos profissionais declararam esquema vacinal completo contra a hepatite B. Entre os técnicos de enfermagem, 15% declararam não ter realizado o anti-HBs. Quanto ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, 60% dos profissionais declararam uso esporádico. Para 80% dos enfermeiros e 60% dos técnicos de enfermagem, não houve oferta de treinamento em biossegurança. Sobre acidentes, 70% dos enfermeiros e 35% dos técnicos de enfermagem declararam ter sofrido algum tipo de exposição. Entre os enfermeiros, 85,7% afirmaram não ter notificado o evento. Entre os que sofreram acidente, 42,9% o relacionaram à carga horária excessiva. Conclusão: Os profissionais de enfermagem reconhecem a hepatite B como uma condição de alta incidência na região amazônica, o que exige medidas mais rígidas de biossegurança devido aos riscos. No entanto, apesar dos grupos investigados, em sua maioria, declararem um esquema completo de vacinação para a doença, foi observado relatos de falta de treinamento, uso esporádico de equipamentos de proteção individual, limitações nos testes de imunização (anti-HBs) e subnotificação de acidentes com risco biológico

Effect of combined therapy of virtual reality and transcranial direct current stimulation in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A study protocol for a triple-blinded randomized controlled crossover trial

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and therapy-based virtual reality (VR) have been investigated separately. They have shown promise as efficient and engaging new tools in the neurological rehabilitation of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the recent literature encourages investigation of the combination of therapy tools in order to potentiate clinic effects and its mechanisms. Methods: A triple-blinded randomised sham-controlled crossover trial will be performed. Thirty-six individuals with gross motor function of levels I to IV (aged 4–14 years old) will be recruited. Individuals will be randomly assigned to Group A (active first) or S (sham first): Group A will start with ten sessions of active tDSC combined with VR tasks. After a 1-month washout, this group will be reallocated to another ten sessions with sham tDCS combined with VR tasks. In contrast, Group S will carry out the opposite protocol, starting with sham tDCS. For the active tDCS the protocol will use low frequency tDCS [intensity of 1 milliampere (mA)] over the primary cortex (M1) area on the dominant side of the brain. Clinical evaluations (reaction times and coincident timing through VR, functional scales: Abilhand-Kids, ACTIVLIM-CP, Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-PEDI- and heart rate variability-HRV) will be performed at baseline, during, and after active and sham tDCS. Conclusion: tDCS has produced positive results in treating individuals with CP; thus, its combination with new technologies shows promise as a potential mechanism for improving neurological functioning. The results of this study may provide new insights into motor rehabilitation, thereby contributing to the better use of combined tDCS and VR in people with CP

Apendicite Aguda complicada tratada com Tiflectomia: relato de caso

A apendicite aguda é a inflamação do apêndice cecal, sendo a causa mais frequente de abdome agudo inflamatório e com prevalência de 17 a 40%, nos serviços de emergência. É evidenciada pela dor, que inicialmente localiza no epigástrio, seguida de náuseas e vômitos, depois progride de forma generalizada e posteriormente torna-se localizada na fossa ilíaca direita. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado através da história clínica, exame laboratorial e de imagem. Além disso, apresenta duas formas de tratamento: o cirúrgico e o não cirúrgico. O relato de caso em questão traz a tiflectomia como escolha de tratamento, com base nos benefícios e indicações da nova técnica

Congenital microcephaly: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of safety data after maternal immunisation.

Need for developing case definitions and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation for congenital microcephaly as an adverse event following maternal immunisation Congenital microcephaly, also referred to as primary microcephaly due to its presence in utero or at birth, is a descriptive term for a structural defect in which a fetus or infant’s head (cranium) circumference is smaller than expected when compared to other fetuses or infants of the same gestational age, sex and ethnic background

ENFRENTAMENTO DAS DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE

Objective: To discuss the existing literature on coping with chronic non-communicable diseases in primary care. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The search for works involved in the research was carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the descriptors in health sciences: "Primary health care", "Chronic non-communicable diseases" and "Health promotion". The inclusion criteria were: published between 2013 and 2023, with free access to full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings and unavailable in full. Results: It is worth highlighting the promotion and prevention of NCDs to be tackled in primary care, in conjunction with the urgent and emergency care networks, in order to expand approaches to these diseases at all levels of care. Conclusion: This study concluded that educational activities are one of the most effective means of combating chronic non-communicable diseases, and that these activities need to begin in primary care.Objetivo: Discutir por meio da literatura existente acerca do enfrentamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na atenção primária. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Atenção primária á saúde”, “Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis” e “Promoção da saúde”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2013 e 2023, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: Vale destacar as ações de promoção e prevenção das DCNTs para seu enfrentamento na atenção primária, juntamente em articulação com as redes de urgência e emergência de modo a aumentar a ampliação das abordagens dessas doenças em todos os níveis de atenção. Conclusão: O presente estudo concluiu que as atividades educativas é um dos meios mais eficazes para combater as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, sendo que essas atividades precisam iniciar-se na atenção primária

ZikaPLAN: addressing the knowledge gaps and working towards a research preparedness network in the Americas.

Zika Preparedness Latin American Network (ZikaPLAN) is a research consortium funded by the European Commission to address the research gaps in combating Zika and to establish a sustainable network with research capacity building in the Americas. Here we present a report on ZikaPLAN`s mid-term achievements since its initiation in October 2016 to June 2019, illustrating the research objectives of the 15 work packages ranging from virology, diagnostics, entomology and vector control, modelling to clinical cohort studies in pregnant women and neonates, as well as studies on the neurological complications of Zika infections in adolescents and adults. For example, the Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study (NEAS) has set up more than 10 clinical sites in Colombia. Through the Butantan Phase 3 dengue vaccine trial, we have access to samples of 17,000 subjects in 14 different geographic locations in Brazil. To address the lack of access to clinical samples for diagnostic evaluation, ZikaPLAN set up a network of quality sites with access to well-characterized clinical specimens and capacity for independent evaluations. The International Committee for Congenital Anomaly Surveillance Tools was formed with global representation from regional networks conducting birth defects surveillance. We have collated a comprehensive inventory of resources and tools for birth defects surveillance, and developed an App for low resource regions facilitating the coding and description of all major externally visible congenital anomalies including congenital Zika syndrome. Research Capacity Network (REDe) is a shared and open resource centre where researchers and health workers can access tools, resources and support, enabling better and more research in the region. Addressing the gap in research capacity in LMICs is pivotal in ensuring broad-based systems to be prepared for the next outbreak. Our shared and open research space through REDe will be used to maximize the transfer of research into practice by summarizing the research output and by hosting the tools, resources, guidance and recommendations generated by these studies. Leveraging on the research from this consortium, we are working towards a research preparedness network