Enhancing Nursing Students’ Understanding of Oral Health: An Educational Intervention with an Interprofessional Component

Oral health is integral to general health and essential for well-being, and therefore, should be prioritized in pediatric nursing education. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine if an oral health education intervention with an Interprofessional Education (IPE) component delivered to third-year baccalaureate nursing students would improve their knowledge of pediatric oral health care. Nursing students (n=99) from a Bachelor of Nursing program in a mid-Western Canadian university completed a survey before and after receiving the educational intervention which included a two-hour lecture from a Dentistry faculty member and a one-hour clinical lab in which nursing students learned how to conduct a comprehensive oral health assessment in practice. Paired-sample t-tests were conducted to compare pre-and post-intervention survey scores. Findings indicate a statistically significant (p \u3c .001) increase in knowledge from pre-test (67%) to post-test (86%) and contribute to a new understanding of the importance of pediatric oral health care in nursing education. The outcome of this intervention is that registered nurses can be prepared with the knowledge necessary to address the disparate oral health challenges experienced by children globally. These findings will provide the foundation for the refinement and implementation of the educational intervention on an international, multi-site scale. Résumé La santé buccodentaire, essentielle au bien-être, fait partie intégrante de la santé générale. Elle devrait donc constituer une priorité dans la formation infirmière en soins pédiatriques. Cette étude pilote vise à évaluer si une intervention pédagogique appuyée d’un volet interprofessionnel, donnée à des étudiantes de troisième année au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières, améliorerait leurs connaissances au sujet des soins pédiatriques relatifs à la santé buccodentaire. Les étudiantes (n = 99) au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières d’une université du Centre-Ouest du Canada ont rempli un sondage avant et après avoir suivi une intervention pédagogique qui comprenait une conférence de deux heures présentée par un membre de la Faculté de médecine dentaire, ainsi qu’un laboratoire clinique d’une heure où elles ont appris à effectuer une évaluation complète de la santé buccodentaire en situation de pratique. Des tests t pour échantillons appariés ont été réalisés pour comparer les résultats du sondage avant et après l’intervention. Les résultats démontrent une augmentation statistiquement significative (p \u3c 0,001) des connaissances de l’examen préintervention (67 %) à l’examen postintervention (86 %), et offrent une nouvelle compréhension de l’importance des soins pédiatriques relatifs à la santé buccodentaire dans la formation infirmière. Cette intervention procure ainsi le savoir nécessaire aux infirmières autorisées pour régler les différents problèmes de santé buccodentaire touchant les enfants du monde. Ces résultats permettront de perfectionner l’intervention pédagogique et de la mettre en œuvre à l’échelle internationale, en plusieurs endroits

Development of a Long-Term Anesthesia Protocol for Swine

The use of swine as a preclinical model is becoming standard practice because of the similarity to humans in size, anatomy, physiology, and genetics. Anesthesia is frequently required for swine in research due to the nature of the invasive procedures that are performed. Developing a protocol which considers the physiological effects of the pharmacological agents and the proper way to administer these agents is important when designing experiments. We aimed to develop an anesthesia protocol for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of swine that allows the animals to be anesthetized for multiple hours and for the administration of pharmacological and contrast agents to be done while the animal is in the MRI scanner. We used three pigs weighing 68, 40, and 30 kg. We found that an initial intramuscular injection of telazol/ketamine/xylazine (TKX) at a dose of 1ml/23kg, followed by endotracheal intubation and 1.5% isoflurane+1.5ml/min oxygen successfully anesthetized all swine for up to 6hrs. For administering contrast agents during an MRI, an auricular vein catheter was found to be effective but a jugular cutdown is possible when requiring the injection of larger volumes. Physiological monitoring using a pulse oximeter and rectal thermometer every 10-15 minutes proved effective. We also found that the animals could not tolerate TKX post-isoflurane anesthesia, which is something to consider if isoflurane anesthesia cannot be continued during transport. Development of this protocol allows for the ease of the anesthetizing process, an understanding of the physiological factors and the effects of anesthesia.Ope

Evolution of star formation in the UKIDSS ultra deep survey field-I. Luminosity functions and cosmic star formation rate out to z = 1.6

We present new results on the cosmic star formation history in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS)-Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) field out to z = 1.6. We compile narrowband data from the Subaru Telescope and the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope forAstronomy (VISTA) in conjunction with broad-band data from the SXDS and UDS, to makea selection of 5725 emission-line galaxies in 12 redshift slices, spanning 10 Gyr of cosmictime. We determine photometric redshifts for the sample using 11-band photometry, and usea spectroscopically confirmed subset to fine tune the resultant redshift distribution. We usethe maximum-likelihood technique to determine luminosity functions in each redshift slice and model the selection effects inherent in any narrow-band selection statistically, to obviatethe retrospective corrections ordinarily required. The deep narrow-band data are sensitive tovery low star formation rates (SFRs), and allow an accurate evaluation of the faint end slopeof the Schechter function, α We find that a is particularly sensitive to the assumed faintest broad-band magnitude of a galaxy capable of hosting an emission line, and propose thatthis limit should be empirically motivated. For this analysis, we base our threshold on thelimiting observed equivalent widths of emission lines in the local Universe. We compute thecharacteristic SFR of galaxies in each redshift slice, and the integrated SFR density,ρ SFR. Wefind our results to be in good agreement with the literature and parametrize the evolution of the SFR density as ρ SFR α(1 + z)4.58 confirming a steep decline in star formation activity since z ~ 1.6.Peer reviewe

Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have taken drastic measures to avoid an overflow of intensive care units. Accurate metrics of disease spread are critical for the reopening strategies. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are earlier markers of the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 than current governmental indicators. We also report a decrease in self-reports of new onset smell/taste changes as early as 5 days after lockdown enforcement. Cross-country comparisons demonstrate that countries that adopted the most stringent lockdown measures had faster declines in new reports of smell/taste changes following lockdown than a country that adopted less stringent lockdown measures. We propose that an increase in the incidence of sudden smell and taste change in the general population may be used as an indicator of COVID-19 spread in the population

The NASA Roadmap to Ocean Worlds

In this article, we summarize the work of the NASA Outer Planets Assessment Group (OPAG) Roadmaps to Ocean Worlds (ROW) group. The aim of this group is to assemble the scientific framework that will guide the exploration of ocean worlds, and to identify and prioritize science objectives for ocean worlds over the next several decades. The overarching goal of an Ocean Worlds exploration program as defined by ROW is to identify ocean worlds, characterize their oceans, evaluate their habitability, search for life, and ultimately understand any life we find. The ROW team supports the creation of an exploration program that studies the full spectrum of ocean worlds, that is, not just the exploration of known ocean worlds such as Europa but candidate ocean worlds such as Triton as well. The ROW team finds that the confirmed ocean worlds Enceladus, Titan, and Europa are the highest priority bodies to target in the near term to address ROW goals. Triton is the highest priority candidate ocean world to target in the near term. A major finding of this study is that, to map out a coherent Ocean Worlds Program, significant input is required from studies here on Earth; rigorous Research and Analysis studies are called for to enable some future ocean worlds missions to be thoughtfully planned and undertaken. A second finding is that progress needs to be made in the area of collaborations between Earth ocean scientists and extraterrestrial ocean scientists

Volume 06

Introduction from Dean Dr. Charles Ross Caught Between Folklore and the Cold War: The Americanization of Russian Children\u27s Literature by Kristen Gains Graphic Design by Amanda Willis Graphic Design by Holly Backer Prejudices in Swiss German Accents by Monika Gutierrez Photography by Cara O\u27Neal Photography by Sara Nelson Edmund Tyrone\u27s Long Journey through Night by Sasha Silberman Photography by Jessica Beardsley Photography by Jamie Gardner and Edward Peeples The Republican Razor: The Guillotine as a Symbol of Equality by Jamie Clift Graphic Design by Matthew Sakach Genocide: The Lasting Effects of Gender Stratification in Rwanda By Tess Lione and Emily Wilkins Photography by Kelsey Holt and Jessica Page Morocco and the 20 February Movement by Charles Vancampen, Gilbert Hall, Jenny Nehrt, Kasey Dye, Amanda Tharp, Jamie Leeawrik, & Ashley McGee Photography by Emily Poulin Photography by Michael Kropf Improving Performance of Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic Using SIMD Assembly Code Instructions by Nick Pastore Art by Austin Polasky and Morgan Glasco Art by Laura L. Kahler The Effects of the Neutral Response Option on the Extremeness of Participant Responses by Melinda L. Edwards and Brandon C. Smith Graphic Design by Mariah Asbell Graphic Design by Cabell Edmunds College Bullying: An Exploratory Analysis by Amelia D. Perry Photography by Alyssa Hayes Death-Related Crime: Applying Bryant\u27s Conceptual Paradigm of Thanatological Crime to Military Settings by Irina Boothe Graphic Design by Perry Bason Graphic Design by James Earl