Multiband Planar Inverted-F Antenna with Independent Operating Bands Control for Mobile Handset Applications

A new compact multiband PIFA (Planar Inverted-F Antenna) for mobile handset is proposed in this article. The proposed PIFA has a simple geometry with four slots integrated in the radiating patch and ground plane. The PIFA occupies a small volume of 51 × 14 × 7.2 mm3 and is placed on the top portion of mobile phone. The optimized PIFA is worked in the 790 MHz band (737–831 MHz), the 1870 MHz band (1794–1977 MHz), the 2550 MHz band (2507–2615 MHz), and the 3400 MHz band (3341–3545 MHz), to cover LTE700, LTE800, DCS1800, PCS1900, LTE1800, LTE1900, LTE2500, and WIMAX3400 bands. Each of the four operating bands can be controlled independently by the variation of a single parameter of the proposed design, with a wide control range. An omnidirectional radiation pattern to each resonant frequency is obtained with a maximum gain of 2.15 dBi at 790 MHz, 3.99 dBi at 1870 MHz, 4.57 dBi at 2550 MHz, and 6.43 dBi at 3400 MHz. The proposed PIFA is studied in the free space and in the presence of other mobile phone components such as the battery, LCD (liquid crystal display), camera, microphone, speaker, buttons, and a plastic housing. The distribution of specific absorption rate for both European and American standards for each operating band and at various distances between the antenna and the human head is also studied

Study of clay soils swelling by the new method based on Laser Interferometry and the classical Odometer test

Geotechnical engineering participates in the act of construction, which means that it must meet a double concern for securityand economy. Therefore, an essential part of the engineer's responsibility rests on the recognition of soils in order to determine their nature and properties (taking into account the flow of water). In the present work, we measure the swelling and the permeability by detection of the swelling, by our new optical method based on the interferometry-laser, invented by Hassan Asselman, within the team of Optics and photonics of sciences faculty, Tetouan-Morocco. This new prototype allows us to directly measure the following parameters: the permeability k (m / s), the Young module Eand the swelling index Cs. For the latter parameter, the evolution of the strain as a function of the stresses ρ (Pa) is measured for a given degree of saturation (Until saturation). Moreover, we will use the classical odometer test, which reproduces the conditions of deformation of the soils. Using the results of the latter by the graphic methods of Taylor and Gasagrande, it is possible to determine the value of the coefficient of consolidation of the soil Cv. According to the Darcy theoretical modelfor a saturated medium, Cv depends on the permeability, the compressibility coefficient mv (or the inverse of the model of Young odometric) and the voluminal weight of the water γw. These tests will be carried out at the GEORET Geotechnical Laboratory in Tetouan. To perform this work, we chose a sample of claydistrubed, already characterized by X-ray diffraction (whose clay fraction is illite). It is extracted from the so-called "Teffalin" quarry of the Tetouan region, used in the manufacture of pottery. Finally we give a comparison between our new patented method and the classic Odometric tes

Study of clay soils swelling by the new method based on Laser Interferometry and the classical Odometer test

Geotechnical engineering participates in the act of construction, which means that it must meet a double concern for securityand economy. Therefore, an essential part of the engineer's responsibility rests on the recognition of soils in order to determine their nature and properties (taking into account the flow of water). In the present work, we measure the swelling and the permeability by detection of the swelling, by our new optical method based on the interferometry-laser, invented by Hassan Asselman, within the team of Optics and photonics of sciences faculty, Tetouan-Morocco. This new prototype allows us to directly measure the following parameters: the permeability k (m / s), the Young module Eand the swelling index Cs. For the latter parameter, the evolution of the strain as a function of the stresses ρ (Pa) is measured for a given degree of saturation (Until saturation). Moreover, we will use the classical odometer test, which reproduces the conditions of deformation of the soils. Using the results of the latter by the graphic methods of Taylor and Gasagrande, it is possible to determine the value of the coefficient of consolidation of the soil Cv. According to the Darcy theoretical modelfor a saturated medium, Cv depends on the permeability, the compressibility coefficient mv (or the inverse of the model of Young odometric) and the voluminal weight of the water γw. These tests will be carried out at the GEORET Geotechnical Laboratory in Tetouan. To perform this work, we chose a sample of claydistrubed, already characterized by X-ray diffraction (whose clay fraction is illite). It is extracted from the so-called "Teffalin" quarry of the Tetouan region, used in the manufacture of pottery. Finally we give a comparison between our new patented method and the classic Odometric tes

Study of clay soils swelling by the new method based on Laser Interferometry and the classical Odometer test

Geotechnical engineering participates in the act of construction, which means that it must meet a double concern for securityand economy. Therefore, an essential part of the engineer's responsibility rests on the recognition of soils in order to determine their nature and properties (taking into account the flow of water). In the present work, we measure the swelling and the permeability by detection of the swelling, by our new optical method based on the interferometry-laser, invented by Hassan Asselman, within the team of Optics and photonics of sciences faculty, Tetouan-Morocco. This new prototype allows us to directly measure the following parameters: the permeability k (m / s), the Young module Eand the swelling index Cs. For the latter parameter, the evolution of the strain as a function of the stresses ρ (Pa) is measured for a given degree of saturation (Until saturation). Moreover, we will use the classical odometer test, which reproduces the conditions of deformation of the soils. Using the results of the latter by the graphic methods of Taylor and Gasagrande, it is possible to determine the value of the coefficient of consolidation of the soil Cv. According to the Darcy theoretical modelfor a saturated medium, Cv depends on the permeability, the compressibility coefficient mv (or the inverse of the model of Young odometric) and the voluminal weight of the water γw. These tests will be carried out at the GEORET Geotechnical Laboratory in Tetouan. To perform this work, we chose a sample of claydistrubed, already characterized by X-ray diffraction (whose clay fraction is illite). It is extracted from the so-called "Teffalin" quarry of the Tetouan region, used in the manufacture of pottery. Finally we give a comparison between our new patented method and the classic Odometric tes

Study of clay soils swelling by the new method based on Laser Interferometry and the classical Odometer test

Geotechnical engineering participates in the act of construction, which means that it must meet a double concern for securityand economy. Therefore, an essential part of the engineer's responsibility rests on the recognition of soils in order to determine their nature and properties (taking into account the flow of water). In the present work, we measure the swelling and the permeability by detection of the swelling, by our new optical method based on the interferometry-laser, invented by Hassan Asselman, within the team of Optics and photonics of sciences faculty, Tetouan-Morocco. This new prototype allows us to directly measure the following parameters: the permeability k (m / s), the Young module Eand the swelling index Cs. For the latter parameter, the evolution of the strain as a function of the stresses ρ (Pa) is measured for a given degree of saturation (Until saturation). Moreover, we will use the classical odometer test, which reproduces the conditions of deformation of the soils. Using the results of the latter by the graphic methods of Taylor and Gasagrande, it is possible to determine the value of the coefficient of consolidation of the soil Cv. According to the Darcy theoretical modelfor a saturated medium, Cv depends on the permeability, the compressibility coefficient mv (or the inverse of the model of Young odometric) and the voluminal weight of the water γw. These tests will be carried out at the GEORET Geotechnical Laboratory in Tetouan. To perform this work, we chose a sample of claydistrubed, already characterized by X-ray diffraction (whose clay fraction is illite). It is extracted from the so-called "Teffalin" quarry of the Tetouan region, used in the manufacture of pottery. Finally we give a comparison between our new patented method and the classic Odometric tes

A new monopole antenna in the form of double dollar-symbol for WLAN (5.1- 6 GHz) applications

In this paper, we present a new monopole antenna design for WLAN (5.1-6 GHz) application. The proposed antenna fed by a microstrip and the radiating element is in the form of a double dolar-symbole. The antenna designed is printed on a partial ground plane, and the resulting antenna has been found to possess a compact size of 20 mm × 20 mm, and covers specific bands from the frequency spectra. A parametrical study is performed to optimize the geometry of the antenna structure and a comparison study also will be presented for different kind of ground plane material. The designed antenna structure is simulated using the High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS