Extended QCD(2) from dimensional projection of QCD(4)

We study an extended QCD model in (1+1) dimensions obtained from QCD in 4D by compactifying two spatial dimensions and projecting onto the zero-mode subspace. We work out this model in the large $N_c$ limit and using light cone gauge but keeping the equal-time quantization. This system is found to induce a dynamical mass for transverse gluons -- adjoint scalars in QCD(2), and to undergo a chiral symmetry breaking with the full quark propagators yielding non-tachyonic, dynamical quark masses, even in the chiral limit. We study quark-antiquark bound states which can be classified in this model by their properties under Lorentz transformations inherited from 4D. The scalar and pseudoscalar sectors of the theory are examined and in the chiral limit a massless ground state for pseudoscalars is revealed with a wave function generalizing the so called 't Hooft pion solution.Comment: JHEP class, 16 pages, 3 figures. Change in the title, some improvements in section 2, minors changes and comments added in introduction and conclusions. References added. Version appearing in JHE

The dual vocational training in the Law Field from teachers and students' perspectives: Constraints and success keys in a Cuban university

The dual professional training of Law students has been inserted from the 2018-2019 school year in Cuba. Since then it has been a priority in the educational policy of Higher Education, which is manifested in the different institutions that make up the legal sector. In this sense, the present study aims to assess -from the theoretical, legal and practical point of view- the development of the dual training process of the students of the Law career in Cuba, based on the experience of the province of Pinewood of the river. For this, with the use of analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction methods and bibliographic review, the theoretical-conceptual references on professional training are systematized, with emphasis on dual training, the legal norms that support said training are analyzed. training through a fixed-term employment contract and part of the results obtained from practical experience are exposed.La formación profesional dual de los estudiantes de Derecho se inserta desde el curso escolar 2018-2019 en Cuba. Desde entonces ha constituido una prioridad en la política de Educación Superior, que se manifiesta en las diferentes instituciones que conforman el sector jurídico. En tal sentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo valorar, desde una perspectiva teórica, legal y práctica, el desarrollo del proceso de formación dual de los estudiantes de la carrera de Derecho en Cuba, a partir de la experiencia de la provincia de Pinar del Río. Para ello, con el empleo de los métodos análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción y revisión bibliográfica se sistematizan los referentes teórico-conceptuales sobre la formación del profesional, con énfasis en la formación dual, se analizan las normas jurídicas que sustentan dicha formación mediante el contrato de trabajo por tiempo determinado y se exponen resultados a partir de entrevistas realizadas a docentes y estudiantes que han estado implicados directamente con la experiencia

Good Computational Practice in the Assignment of Absolute Configurations by TDDFT Calculations of ECD Spectra

Quantum-mechanical calculations of chiroptical properties have rapidly become the most popular method for assigning absolute configurations (AC) of organic compounds, including natural products. Black-box time-dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra are nowadays readily accessible to nonexperts. However, an uncritical attitude may easily deliver a wrong answer. We present to the Chirality Forum a discussion on what can be called good computational practice in running TDDFT ECD calculations, highlighting the most crucial points with several examples from the recent literature

Identification of a new pebp2 alpha A2 isoform from zebrafish runx2 capable of inducing osteocalcin gene expression in vitro

Introduction: RUNX2 (also known as CBFA1/Osf2/AML3/PEBP2 alpha A) is a transcription factor essential for bone formation in mammals, as well as for osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation, through regulation of expression of several bone- and cartilage-related genes. Since its discovery, Runx2 has been the subject of intense studies, mainly focused in unveiling regulatory targets of this transcription factor in high vertebrates. However, no single study has been published addressing the role of Runx2 in bone metabolism of low vertebrates. While analyzing the zebrafish (Danio rerio) runx2 gene, we identified the presence of two orthologs of RUNX2, which we named runx2a and runx2b and cloned a pebp2 alpha A-like transcript of the runx2b gene, which we named pebp2 alpha A2. Materials and Methods: Zebrafish runx2b gene and cDNA were isolated by RT-PCR and sequence data mining. The 3D structure of runx2b runt domain was modeled using mouse Runx1 runt as template. The regulatory effect of pebp2 alpha A2 on osteocalcin expression was analyzed by transient co-transfection experiments using a luciferase reporter gene. Phylogenetic analysis of available Runx sequences was performed with TREE-PUZZLE 5.2. and MrBayes. Results and Conclusions: We showed that the runx2b gene structure is highly conserved between mammals and fish. Zebrafish runx2b has two promoter regions separated by a large intron. Sequence analysis suggested that the runx2b gene encodes three distinct isoforms, by a combination of alternative splicing and differential promoter activation, as described for the human gene. We have cloned a pebp2 alpha A-like transcript of the runx2b gene, which we named pebp2 alpha A2, and showed its high degree of sequence similarity with the mammalian pebp2 alpha A. The cloned zebrafish osteocalcin promoter was found to contain three putative runx2-binding elements, and one of them, located at -221 from the ATG, was capable of mediating pebp2 alpha A2 transactivation. In addition, cross-species transactivation was also confirmed because the mouse Cbfa1 was able to induce the zebrafish osteocalcin promoter, whereas the zebrafish pebp2 alpha A2 activated the murine osteocalcin promoter. These results are consistent with the high degree of evolutionary conservation of these proteins. The 3D structure of the runx2b runt domain was modeled based on the runt domain of mouse Runx1. Results show a high degree of similarity in the 3D configuration of the DNA binding regions from both domains, with significant differences only observed in non-DNA binding regions or in DNA-binding regions known to accommodate considerable structure flexibility. Phylogenetic analysis was used to clarify the relationship between the isoforms of each of the two zebrafish Runx2 orthologs and other Runx proteins. Both zebrafish runx2 genes clustered with other Runx2 sequences. The duplication event seemed, however, to be so old that, whereas Runx2b clearly clusters with the other fish sequences, it is unclear whether Runx2a clusters with Runx2 from higher vertebrates or from other fish.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reactive Oxygen Species Facilitate Translocation of Hormone Sensitive Lipase to the Lipid Droplet During Lipolysis in Human Differentiated Adipocytes

In obesity, there is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) within adipose tissue caused by increases in inflammation and overnutrition. Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) is part of the canonical lipolytic pathway and critical for complete lipolysis. This study hypothesizes that ROS is a signal that integrates regulation of lipolysis by targeting HSL. Experiments were performed with human differentiated adipocytes from the subcutaneous depot. Antioxidants were employed as a tool to decrease ROS, and it was found that scavenging ROS with diphenyliodonium, N-acetyl cysteine, or resveratrol decreased lipolysis in adipocytes. HSL phosphorylation of a key serine residue, Ser552, as well as translocation of this enzyme from the cytosol to the lipid droplet upon lipolytic stimulation were both abrogated by scavenging ROS. The phosphorylation status of other serine residues on HSL were not affected. These findings are significant because they document that ROS contributes to the physiological regulation of lipolysis via an effect on translocation. Such regulation could be useful in developing new obesity therapies

A Atual Crise Sanitária e de Saúde Causada pelo Avanço da COVID-19 e a Situação da População Carcerária

Esta Nota Técnica foi elaborada por um grupo de trabalho, constituído por docentes, técnicos e discentes da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), organizado pela Pró- reitoria de Extensão e Cultura (ProEC), após despacho, com requerimento de providências, do gabinete da reitoria da respectiva instituição, que recebeu ofício do Núcleo Especializado de Situação Carcerária da Defensoria do Estado de São Paulo (NESC), órgão que é responsável, dentre outras questões, pela atuação na tutela coletiva das pessoas presas nos presídios paulistas, solicitando a elaboração de uma nota técnica sobre as consequências da pandemia COVID-19 nos presídios paulistas, especialmente com abordagem no campo da saúde, para robustecer os argumentos e respaldar com conhecimentos técnicos a respectiva Defensoria Pública, no sentido de subsidiar suas medidas judiciais durante este período pandêmico. A ProEC Unifesp respondeu a esta solicitação realizando um rápido levantamento no Sistema de Informação da Extensão (SIEX) para levantar nomes de docentes e técnicos que tinham histórico de atuação na extensão com as temáticas – prisão, sistema prisional, direitos humanos, vigilância epidemiológica e gestão do sistema de saúde. Este levantamento possibilitou a constituir um grupo interdisciplinar – com formação em ciências sociais, direito, psicologia, serviço social, educação, medicina e vigilância epidemiológica – que organizou uma estratégia de trabalho para responder à demanda em um curto espaço de tempo, garantindo a construção de fundamentos e proposição a partir da diversidade dos olhares, formação e experiência e a unidade em torno da defesa da vida com dignidade

Multisite Investigation of Outcomes With Implementation of CYP2C19 Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

OBJECTIVES: This multicenter pragmatic investigation assessed outcomes following clinical implementation of CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles impair clopidogrel effectiveness after PCI. METHODS: After clinical genotyping, each institution recommended alternative antiplatelet therapy (prasugrel, ticagrelor) in PCI patients with a loss-of-function allele. Major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) within 12 months of PCI were compared between patients with a loss-of-function allele prescribed clopidogrel versus alternative therapy. Risk was also compared between patients without a loss-of-function allele and loss-of-function allele carriers prescribed alternative therapy. Cox regression was performed, adjusting for group differences with inverse probability of treatment weights. RESULTS: Among 1,815 patients, 572 (31.5%) had a loss-of-function allele. The risk for major adverse cardiovascular events was significantly higher in patients with a loss-of-function allele prescribed clopidogrel versus alternative therapy (23.4 vs. 8.7 per 100 patient-years; adjusted hazard ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.18 to 4.32; p = 0.013). Similar results were observed among 1,210 patients with acute coronary syndromes at the time of PCI (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.35 to 6.09; p = 0.013). There was no difference in major adverse cardiovascular events between patients without a loss-of-function allele and loss-of-function allele carriers prescribed alternative therapy (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 1.88; p = 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: These data from real-world observations demonstrate a higher risk for cardiovascular events in patients with a CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele if clopidogrel versus alternative therapy is prescribed. A future randomized study of genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy may be of value

Cenários prospectivos para o financiamento do SUS

Tendo em vista a evolução do quadro social e sanitário em 2021, o produto 3 abordou os impactos da retomada das regras fiscais sobre o financiamento federal do Sistema Único de Saúde, em meio ao aumento de demandas por serviços de saúde e ao recrudescimento da pandemia. Particularmente, foram construídos cenários emergenciais para o exercício de 2021, mitigando os impactos das regras fiscais restritivas sobre o SUS. O produto 4 elaborará cenários prospectivos estruturais para o financiamento do SUS, com diversas hipóteses de mudanças nas regras de investimento mínimo no orçamento federal de saúde, tendo em vista as necessidades de saúde da população e os fatores de pressão sobre o SUS, como a transição epidemiológica e demográfica, a incorporação tecnológica e o crescimento populacional. A reorganização dos produtos 3 e 4 conferirá uma ordem lógica mais adequada à pesquisa, tratando, respectivamente, das questões emergenciais e estruturais do financiamento do SUS, preservando-se todos os itens inicialmente constantes dos referidos produtos

Cenários com alternativas de regras de gasto para 2021, medindo seus impactos sobre as despesas federais do SUS.

O cenário que prevê a manutenção das regras de gasto (regra de ouro, teto de gasto e resultado primário) e apresentar dois cenários alternativos: a) adoção de piso equivalente aos valores empenhados em 2020; b) adoção de piso equivalente aos valores empenhados em 2020 + IPCA 2020

Análise do desempenho da execução orçamentária e direção do gasto municipal, estadual e federal dos recursos extraordinários das fontes federal e estadual destinados ao enfrentamento da Pandemia do COVID-19 no Estado de São Paulo

No início de abril foi consolidada uma primeira proposta de Mapa de Leitos para compor o Plano de Contingência Estadual construída a partir das Regiões de Saúde. Essa primeira versão do Mapa de Leitos apontava uma ampliação de 3840 leitos de Clínica Médica e 1442 leitos de UTI COVID19, o que representou um aumento de 24% em leitos de Clínica Médica e 41% em leitos de UTI no Estado. Desses 1442 leitos de UTI estruturados no mês de março, 56% estavam nas Gestões Municipais e 44% na Gestão Estadual, sendo 730 deles habilitados pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) no mês de abril, o que significou um custo inicial da implantação desses leitos exclusivamente das gestões municipais e estadual do SUS