Role-Based Enterprise Mashups with State Sharing, Preservation and Restoration Support for Multi-Instance Executions

Veebimaastikul suurt populaarsust kogunud tavatarbijatele suunatud vidinapõhised veebi-rakendused on loonud soodsa pinnase üldotstarbeliste mashup’ite loomise raamistike ning tööriistade tekkeks. Need tööriistad on eelkõige suunatud tava-Interneti kasutajatele, et luua lihtsaid mashup-tüüpi rakendusi. Samal ajal oleks vidinapõhistest veebirakendustest kasu ka ärirakendustena. Peamiseks takistuseks ärirakenduste loomisel veebipõhiste raken-dustena on keerulisest äriloogikast tulenevad keerukad nõuded ning protsessid. Antud magistritöö uurib, kuidas teostada veebividinatel põhinevate mashup-tüüpi ärirakenduste arendamist nii, et säiluks mashup’ite loomisega seotud peamised eelised, lihtsus ja kiirus. Käesolev magistritöö pakub välja laienduse olemasolevale mashup-tüüpi raamistikule, et toetada mashup’i dekompositsiooni rollipõhisteks vaadeteks. Selleks jagatakse mashup väiksemateks vidinate komplektideks, tagades igale kasutajarollile komplekt just temale vajaminevatest vidinatest. Kuigi igal kasutajarollil võib olla erinev vaade kogu ärirakendusest, tagab käesolevas magistritöös pakutud lahendus suhtluse nende erinevate vaadete vahel. See on vajalik tagamaks mashup’i eksemplari ühtsust kõikide mashup’i vaadete vahel, olenemata sellest, millistest vidinatest antud kasutaja vaade koosneb. Lisaks pakub käesolev magistritöö välja lahenduse toetamaks mitut eksemplari samast vidinapõhisest ärirakendusest ning toetamaks ärirakenduse oleku salvestamist ning taastamist. Kuna ärirakendused on suunatud lahendamaks kasutajate igapäevaseid ülesandeid, on vajalik, et kasutaja saaks valida olemasolevate mashup’i eksemplaride hulgast või alustada uut eksemplari. Lisaks on vajalik, et kasutaja saaks igal ajahetkel rakenduse kasutamise lõpetada selliselt, et hiljem rakenduse kasutamist jätkates oleks tagatud sama rakenduse olek, millest kasutamine katkestati. Väljapakutud lahenduse toimimist testitakse näidisrakendusega, mis realiseerib krediidihalduse protsessi.Recent hype on consumer web mashups has resulted in many general-purpose mashup frameworks and tools. These tools aim at simplifying the creation of mashups targeted to mainstream Internet users. At the same time, mashups are also used for solving specific business-related tasks. Such mashups are called enterprise mashups and more sophisticated frameworks and tools have been developed to support their creation. However, similarly to traditional web application development tools, the complexity of these frameworks is hindering the main benefits associated with mashup development – agility and simplicity. This thesis aims at extending a general-purpose mashup framework to support develop-ment of enterprise mashups while still preserving the simplicity and agility of develop-ment. More specifically, this thesis describes a solution for role-based decomposition of mashups for multi-instance executions with state sharing, preservation and restoration. In this thesis, a general-purpose mashup framework is extended with the concept of roles to support multi-user interaction and decomposing complex enterprise mashups with rich interactions into role-based views. In the context of this thesis, a view is defined as a subset of widgets a mashup is made of. Hence, through views an effective mechanism is provided for decomposing enterprise mashups to mashups as simple as general-purpose mashups. Additionally, this thesis proposes a generic solution for multi-instance mashup executions. In this thesis, each workflow instance is associated with an instance of a mashup. Since situational applications target at solving users day-to-day tasks, it is necessary to support multiple instances of a mashup. Furthermore, support for multiple mashup instances leverages users’ ability to participate in multiple workflow instances and to initialize new ones. Such mashup instances are in this thesis also referred to as mashup sessions. Finally, a solution is proposed for supporting mashup state sharing, preservation and restoration. Sharing states with other users is the key mechanism for facilitating interaction and collaboration between multiple users. State preservation and restoration are needed to allow a user to stop using the mashup and to resume to the same state at a later time. The proposed solution is also validated through a proof of concept application

Ruumiarheoloogiline vaade asustusmustrile: fragment Kagu-Eesti eelviikingiajast hilisrauaajani (6.-13. saj)

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2693168~S1*es

European Identity and Citizenship in Estonia: Analyses of Textbooks and Theoretical Developments

Purpose: This article aims at elaboration of a relevant framework for European identity and citizenship. On this basis, comparative studies like ICSS, Estonian curricula, civic syllabuses and textbooks will be critically reviewed. Methods: The framework relies on former studies on democracy and education. The work also draws on normative materials for European citizenship, comparative empirical and critical studies. The conceptual system relies on the literature on basic sociological and semiotic concepts. This framework is used for analyses of the Estonian civic education system.  Findings: The most general concepts like individual, society, culture, social actors and structures are defined as mutually inclusive. This has enabled to address complex and controversial social issues and achieve the aims of European identity and active citizenship. The Estonian curricula, civic syllabuses and textbooks herald democratic ideals, but fail to provide for them relevant concepts. They focus on empirical and normative descriptions of main political institutions. The books hardly describe how could active citizens evaluate and influence these institutions. Their content avoids complex and controversial issues like hierarchical power relations and social inequality and fails to describe both the hierarchical public administration and the system for public participation in Estonia. All this rather hinders students’ political literacy, critical thinking and active participation

Workforce shortage in Estonia and its reasons on the example of Jõgevamaa

Bakalaureusetöö Majandusarvestuse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekavalTööjõupuudus on Eestis kui ka Euroopas juba pikemaajaline probleem olnud. Tööjõupuuduse tekkimisel võivad olla mitmeid põhjuseid nagu näiteks tööealise elanikkonna vähenemine, tegevusala arengud, piirkondlikud eripärad, värbamisviisid, tööealise elanikkonna hariduslikud valikud ja võimalused. Bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on välja selgitada kuivõrd on tööjõupuudus kohalikele Jõgevamaa ettevõtjatele probleemiks. Töös uuriti ettevõtjate kogemusi tööjõuga ja kohaliku tööjõuturuga. Bakalaureusetöö uurimismeetodiks on poolstruktureeritud intervjuu. Valimiks olid Jõgevamaa ettevõtjad ja üks asutus. Valimisse valitud intervjueeritavad olid kõik erinevast sektorist: 1) tööstussektor, 2) kaubandus-ja teenindussektor ning 3) põllumajandusalane avalik sektor. Andmete analüüsil kasutati kvalitatiivset sisuanalüüsi. Intervjuu küsimuste ja vastuste abil andmed kodeeriti ja kategoriseeriti. Tulemusi võrreldi teoreetilises osas olevate tööjõupuuduste põhjustega. Analüüsi tulemustest selgus, et Jõgevamaal on põhiliseks puuduseks spetsiifiliste oskustega töötajate vähesus ning vananeva töötajaskonna oskuste muutuse ajas. Üldiselt oli intervjueeritavatel harva juhtunud, kus nad Jõgevamaalt töötajaid ei leiagi ning nemad tööjõupuudust muus osas otseselt ei tundnud.Labor shortages have been a long-standing problem in estonia as well as in europe. There can be a number of reasons for labor shortages, such as declining working-age population, industry developments, regional specificities, recruitment patterns, educational choices and opportunities for the working-age population. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to find out to what extent the labor shortage is a problem for local entrepreneurs in jõgeva county. The work examined the experience of entrepreneurs with the labor force and the local labor market. The research method of the bachelor's thesis is a semi-structured interview. The sample was entrepreneurs from jõgeva county and one institution. The interviewees were all from different sectors: 1) the industrial sector, 2) the trade and services sector, and 3) the agricultural public sector. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. The data were coded and categorized using interview questions and answers. The results were compared with the causes of labor shortages in the theoretical part. The results of the analysis revealed that the main disadvantage in jõgeva county is the lack of employees with specific skills and the change of skills of the ageing staff over time. In general, the interviewees rarely had a case where they could not find employees in jõgeva county and they did not feel the shortage of labor directly in other respects

Lastekirjandus fin de siècle perioodil ja religioossed suundumused

Käesolev magistritöö annab ülevaate fin de siècle perioodil ilmunud lastekirjanduse žanri ja religiooni kokkupuudetest. Magistritöö eesmärgiks on anda ülevaade 19. sajandi lõpul ja 20. sajandi algul tekkinud kindlate struktuuri- ja vormitunnustega lastekirjanduse žanrist sisu ja tegelaskujude kaudu, ajaloolises ning religioosses vaates ja vastata küsimustele – kuidas on tekkinud žanr kooskõlas üldisemate sajandilõpu (fin de siècle) meeleoludega ning mida kõneleb see žanr religioosses perspektiivis

On the Basicity of Conjugated Nitrogen Heterocycles in Different Media

In this work we explored the relationship between the structure and solvent effects on the basicity of a large selection of conjugated N-heterocyclic nitrogen bases in different media: the polar aprotic solvent acetonitrile, the polar protic solvent water and the gas phase. Altogether, 58 previously unpublished basicity values in different media for 39 compounds are presented, including 30 experimentally determined pKa values in acetonitrile. We present the pKa and gas-phase basicity values for quino[7, 8-h]quinoline, which is one of the most basic conjugated nitrogen heterocyclic compounds without basicity-enhancing substituents. The trends in basicity are rationalized by comparing the basicity data of related compounds in different solvents, as well as by using isodesmic reactions. The gas-phase basicity is predominantly determined by the ability of a molecule to disperse the excess positive charge over a large number of atoms. In solution the situation is less clear and smaller systems with localized charge often lead to higher basicities because of solvent effects. In particular, it was found that the fusion of an additional benzene ring does not always lead to an increase in basicity in solution: its effect can be either basicity-increasing or -decreasing, depending on the ring size, number and position of nitrogen atoms and medium. A correlation between the measured pKa values in MeCN and in water suggests that these two different solvents exert a similar effect on the basicity of the studied heterocycles

Democratic Education: A Theoretical Review (2006–2017)

This theoretical review examines how democratic education is conceptualized within educational scholarship. Three hundred and seventy-seven articles published in English language peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2017 are discursively analyzed. Democratic education functions as a privileged nodal point of different political discourses. Two discourses against (elitist and neoliberal) and six discourses pro democratic education (liberal, deliberative, multiculturalist, participatory, critical, and agonistic) construct its meaning. It is argued that the different versions of democratic education respond to various (a) ontological and epistemological assumptions, (b) normative approaches to democracy, and (c) conceptions of the relationship between education and politics. For educational policy, the review provides a critique of elitist and neoliberal policies and support for participatory decision making across discourses. Recommendations for educational practice are made by identifying pedagogies across democratic education scholarship as well as specific pedagogies for each discourse

Kvantitatiivsed suhtelise tasakaalu konstandi määramise meetodid supramolekulaarses keemias

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneKeemiline analüüs mängib olulist rolli nii meditsiinis, keemia tööstuses kui keskkonna kaitses. Patsiendi tervise või mürgiste kemikaalide sisalduse jälgimine keskkonnas vajab täpseid analüüsi meetodeid. Tundlikud ja selektiivsed meetodid põhinevad tavaliselt keerukal aparatuuril, mis on küllaltki kallis ja vajab väljakoolitatud eksperte. Üldjuhul on vajalik ka prooviettevalmistus, kus huvipakkuv keemiline ühend eraldatakse, kontsentreeritakse või muundatakse keemiliselt, et muuta proov instrumenti sisestamiseks sobilikuks. Tehislikud (sünteetilised) retseptorid imiteerivad bioloogilistes süsteeme. Sellised ühendid võiksid leida kasutust keemilise sensori ehituses, mida saaks potentsiaalselt rakendada ilma proovi eeltöötlemise või labori varustuseta. Sobilike retseptorite väljatöötamisel on oluline nende sobilikkuse uurimine. Käesoleva uurimustöö raames keskenduti täpsete seondumistugevuse mõõtmisemeetodite arendamisele. Seondumiskonstantide mõõtmisel on oluliseks mõjuriks uuritava analüüdi sisalduse täpne teadmine. Suhtelised keemilise tasakaalu määramise meetodid omavad selles vallas eelist. Nimelt ei ole vajalik meil teada analüüdi täpset kogust mõõtmise käigus. Meetodite rakendatavust katsetati kahel instrumentaaltehnikal: UV-vis spektrofotomeetrial ja tuumamagnetresonants spektromeetrial (TMR). TMR baasil versioon võimaldab mõõta mitu seondumiskonstanti ühe mõõtmisega. Puuduseks on selle madalam tundlikkus, mille tõttu on vajalik suurem kogus ainet. TMR põhise suhtelise seondumisafiinsusmõõtmise meetodi usaldusväärsust uuriti UV-vis spektrofotomeetriaga. Mõlemate mõõtemeetodite tulemused näitavad head kooskõla. Lisaks mõõtmismeetodite arendusele keskenduti ka karboksülaat anioonide (negatiivselt laetud ühendid) seondumise uurimisele ja karakteriseerimisele. Üheks uuritud ühendiks oli üks kasutatavamaid taimekaitsevahendeid maailmas, glüfosaat. Väikesed muutused retseptori ehituses toovad esile suuri muutusi glüfosaadi seondumises. Esitatud tulemused on olulised edasiste supramolekulaarsete ühendite väljatöötamisel, hinnates nende happelis-aluselisi, vesiniksideme donoorseid ja seondumise omadusiChemical analysis plays key role in medicine, chemical production or environmental protection. Monitoring patient health or presence of toxic compounds in the environment requires precise analytical methods. Sensitive and selective methods commonly use intricate instruments like chromatographs coupled with mass-spectrometric systems to determine desired chemical compounds at very low concentrations. Instrumental systems are expensive and require trained personnel to use it. Also, usually samples need pre-treatment before analysis. Synthetic receptors mimic natural receptors in biological systems e.g., sensing smell and feeling taste. Such compounds could find practical application as sensing elements in chemical sensors. A sensor could be used potentially without sample preparation and laboratory equipment. Receptor’s suitability can be estimated by studying its physical-chemical properties and behaviour towards potential analytes. This PhD study focuses on development of accurate binding constant methods. Binding constants can be used to characterize binding sensitivity and selectivity. Measurement accuracy is strongly affected during these measurements. By measuring relative equilibrium constants this can be disregarded. Method applicability was tested on two instrumental techniques: UV-vis spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). NRM based version enables to measure several binding constants in a single measurement. Drawback is its need for more compound for measurements. Comparison of two techniques showed good agreement with each other. Aside from developing binding constant measurement methods, there was a strong focus on studying the binding behaviour of carboxylate anions. One of which was glyphosate, a widely used herbicide. Small changes in receptor structure cause big changes in binding properties. Results discussed in this dissertation serve as an important stepping stone for developing new receptors and testing their suitability for sensor building applications

Tüübisüsteemid arvutuslikult turvalise infovoo jaoks keeles Jif

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5452622*es