Projections of global-scale extreme sea levels and resulting episodic coastal flooding over the 21st Century

Global models of tide, storm surge, and wave setup are used to obtain projections of episodic coastal flooding over the coming century. The models are extensively validated against tide gauge data and the impact of uncertainties and assumptions on projections estimated in detail. Global “hotspots” where there is projected to be a significant change in episodic flooding by the end of the century are identified and found to be mostly concentrated in north western Europe and Asia. Results show that for the case of, no coastal protection or adaptation, and a mean RCP8.5 scenario, there will be an increase of 48% of the world’s land area, 52% of the global population and 46% of global assets at risk of flooding by 2100. A total of 68% of the global coastal area flooded will be caused by tide and storm events with 32% due to projected regional sea level rise

A multidisciplinary treatment of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: a 14-year follow-up case report

Absence of the maxillary lateral incisor creates an aesthetic problem which can be managed in various ways. The condition requires careful treatment planning and consideration of the options and outcomes following either space closure or prosthetic replacement. Recent developments in restorative dentistry have warranted a re-evaluation of the approach to this clinical situation. Factors relating both to the patient and the teeth, including the presentation of malocclusion and the effect on the occlusion must be considered. The objective of this study was to describe the etiology, prevalence and alternative treatment modalities for dental agenesis and to present a clinical case of agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors treated by the closure of excessive spaces and canine re-anatomization. A clinical case is presented to illustrate the interdisciplinary approach between orthodontics and restorative dentistry for improved esthetic results. In this report, the treatment of a girl with a Class II malocclusion of molars and canines with missing maxillary lateral incisors and convex facial profile is shown. Treatment was successfully achieved and included the space closure of the areas corresponding to the missing upper lateral incisors, through movement of the canines and the posterior teeth to mesial by fixed appliances as well as the canines transformation in the maxillary lateral incisors. This is a 14-year follow-up case report involving orthodontics and restorative dentistry in which pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term follow-up records for the patient are presented

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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Vampires in the village Žrnovo on the island of Korčula: following an archival document from the 18th century

Središnja tema rada usmjerena je na raščlambu spisa pohranjenog u Državnom arhivu u Mlecima (fond: Capi del Consiglio de’ Dieci: Lettere di Rettori e di altre cariche) koji se odnosi na događaj iz 1748. godine u korčulanskom selu Žrnovo, kada su mještani – vjerujući da su se pojavili vampiri – oskvrnuli nekoliko mjesnih grobova. U radu se podrobno iznose osnovni podaci iz spisa te rečeni događaj analizira u širem društvenom kontekstu i prate se lokalna vjerovanja.The main interest of this essay is the analysis of the document from the State Archive in Venice (file: Capi del Consiglio de’ Dieci: Lettere di Rettori e di altre cariche) which is connected with the episode from 1748 when the inhabitants of the village Žrnove on the island of Korčula in Croatia opened tombs on the local cemetery in the fear of the vampires treating. This essay try to show some social circumstances connected with this event as well as a local vernacular tradition concerning superstitions

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Problems using structural MRIs from the oldest-old, and some solutions: Lessons learned from The 90+ Study and ADNI

Background: The oldest-old (≥85 years) have the highest rates of dementia. However, because of pronounced brain atrophy, standard neuroimaging programs face unique challenges in this cohort. Here, using data from both The 90+ Study and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we report the prevalence of errors when processing brain MRIs from oldest-old participants using standard approaches and present some strategies for ameliorating these issues. Method: First, we analyzed image quality issues and segmentation errors (FreeSurfer) for the last available scans by age-groups (oldest-old, ≥85 years, vs younger-old, 55 to 85 years) in ADNI. Second, we evaluated the utility of an age-specific template (the 90+ T1w Template) for realigning MRIs from the oldest-old compared to a standard template (Montreal Neurological Institute T1w template, MNI) using linear and nonlinear registration (FSL) and evaluating alignment quality using visual and deformation (Jacobian) measures for oldest-old participants (≥90 years) in both The 90+ Study and ADNI. Lastly, we evaluated whether stringent preprocessing (bias field removal, denoising, brain extraction, intensity normalization using Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12)) helped reduce FreeSurfer segmentation errors in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions in MRIs from the oldest-old. Comparisons were performed using Chi-square tests. Result: In ADNI data (Table-1), MRIs from oldest-old participants (∼10% of cohort) were around twice as likely to have image quality issues (20% vs 13%, P<0.001) and brain segmentation errors (45% vs 29%, P<0.001) compared to younger-old participants. Figure-1 shows a histogram of image quality issues and segmentation errors, which become more common with greater age. Compared to the MNI template, MRIs from participants aged 90 and older from both The 90+ Study (N=163, Table-2) and ADNI (N=75) had fewer registration errors (∼5% vs ∼23%, P<0.001 for all) and less severe deformation when using the 90+ T1w Template (Figure-2). Our proposed preprocessing pipeline (see Figure-3 for example) roughly halved segmentation errors in the oldest-old (P<0.001 for all regions, Figure-4). Conclusion: Our results show that adapting pipelines specifically for processing brain MRIs of oldest-old participants minimizes errors, enabling more effective use of neuroimaging to study neural correlates of neurodegeneration and dementia in this important portion of our aging population