Fra naturområde til kulturlandskap. En mikrohistorisk studie av Mona-området i Eidsberg og Trøgstad kommune

Masteroppgave for lektorutdanning i samfunnsfag - Nord universitet, 201

Katian (Upper Ordovician) conodonts from Wales

Middle and upper Katian conodonts were previously known in the British Isles from relatively small collections obtained from a few localities. The present study is mainly based on 17 samples containing more than 17 000 conodont elements from an approximately 14-m-thick succession of the Sholeshook Limestone Formation in a road cut near Whitland, South Wales, that yielded a diverse fauna of more than 40 taxa. It is dominated by representatives of Amorphognathus, Aphelognathus/Plectodina and Eocarniodus along with several coniform taxa. Representatives of Decoriconus, Istorinus and Sagittodontina are reported from the Ordovician of UK for the first time. The fauna is a typical representative of the British Province of the Atlantic Realm and includes a mixture of taxa of North American, Baltoscandic and Mediterranean affinities along with pandemic species. Based on the presence of many elements of Amorphognathus ordovicicus and some morphologically advanced specimens of Amorphognathus superbus, the Sholeshook Limestone Formation is referred to the lower A. ordovicicus Zone. Most of the unit is also coeval with Zone 2 of the Cautleyan Stage in the British regional stage classification, and stage slice Ka3 of the middle Katian Stage in the global stratigraphical classification, an age assignment consistent with data from trilobites, graptolites and chitinozoans. The unusually large collection of M elements of Amorphognathus provides insight into the complex morphological variation in this element of some Katian species of this genus. The Sholeshook conodont fauna is similar to those of the Crug and Birdshill limestones, but differs in several respects from the slightly older ones from the Caradocian type area in the Welsh Borderland. Although having some species in common, the Sholeshook conodont fauna clearly differs from coeval Baltoscandic faunas and is even more different in composition compared with equivalent North American Midcontinent faunas

Exceptionally Preserved Cambrian Trilobite Digestive System Revealed in 3D by Synchrotron-Radiation X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy

The Cambrian ‘Orsten’ fauna comprises exceptionally preserved and phosphatised microscopic arthropods. The external morphology of these fossils is well known, but their internal soft-tissue anatomy has remained virtually unknown. Here, we report the first non-biomineralised tissues from a juvenile polymerid trilobite, represented by digestive structures, glands, and connective strands harboured in a hypostome from the Swedish ‘Orsten’ fauna. Synchrotron-radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy enabled three-dimensional internal recordings at sub-micrometre resolution. The specimen provides the first unambiguous evidence for a J-shaped anterior gut and the presence of a crop with a constricted alimentary tract in the Trilobita. Moreover, the gut is Y-shaped in cross section, probably due to a collapsed lumen of that shape, another feature which has not previously been observed in trilobites. The combination of anatomical features suggests that the trilobite hypostome is functionally analogous to the labrum of euarthropods and that it was a sophisticated element closely integrated with the digestive system. This study also briefly addresses the preservational bias of the ‘Orsten’ fauna, particularly the near-absence of polymerid trilobites, and the taphonomy of the soft-tissue-harbouring hypostome

The ∼270 Ma palaeolatitude of Baltica and its significance for Pangea models

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86901/1/j.1365-246X.2011.05061.x.pd

Cryptic Disc Structures Resembling Ediacaran Discoidal Fossils from the Lower Silurian Hellefjord Schist, Arctic Norway

The Hellefjord Schist, a volcaniclastic psammite-pelite formation in the Caledonides of Arctic Norway contains discoidal impressions and apparent tube casts that share morphological and taphonomic similarities to Neoproterozoic stem-holdfast forms. U-Pb zircon geochronology on the host metasediment indicates it was deposited between 437 ± 2 and 439 ± 3 Ma, but also indicates that an inferred basal conglomerate to this formation must be part of an older stratigraphic element, as it is cross-cut by a 546 ± 4 Ma pegmatite. These results confirm that the Hellefjord Schist is separated from underlying older Proterozoic rocks by a thrust. It has previously been argued that the Cambrian Substrate Revolution destroyed the ecological niches that the Neoproterozoic frond-holdfasts organisms occupied. However, the discovery of these fossils in Silurian rocks demonstrates that the environment and substrate must have been similar enough to Neoproterozoic settings that frond-holdfast bodyplans were still ecologically viable some hundred million years later

Developing a Cyberwarfare Capability for Canada: An Exploration of Seven Policy Rationales

In the past decade cybersecurity issues have progressed from being a niche technical area of public policy to a mainstream matter in public policy discourse. Concurrently, the specter of cyberwarfare has grown from being a speculative issue in the field of strategic studies, to common tool in international relations. States now pursue their national interests digitally through sophisticated hacking and cyberwarfare programs. Geopolitics has moved into cyberspace. Canada has been a laggard in reacting to this new reality in strategic affairs. Both its domestic security and defence policies have been reactive to issues such as cybersecurity, critical infrastructure, and securing Canada's digital economy. Canadian policy in these areas has been developed in an incrementalist manner, and is naïve in the way it frames threats to Canadian security in cyberspace. Furthermore, it has been mute on the development Canadian cyberwarfare capabilities. In June 2017 the Trudeau government published an updated defence policy white paper— named Strong, Secure, Engaged: Canada's Defence Policy—that will set the direction of the Canadian Armed Forces over the coming years. One of the most notable developments in this new defence policy is a new mandate for Canada's military to develop an offensive cyberwarfare capability. While the white paper provides few details on the specifics of such a capability, it does represent a leap in Canadian security thinking. This paper will investigate whether such an offensive cyberwarfare capability, as called for in the 2017 defence white paper, will enhance Canada's national security. It does so by examining seven theories of why states develop cyberwarfare capabilities, and then tests these cyberwarfare rationales against Canada's unique strategic position in world affairs. The paper finds that an offensive cyberwarfare capability would enhance Canadian security by augmenting Canada's conventional military capabilities and signaling to Canada's allies that Canada is a sophisticated and dependable security partner. The paper concludes that the 2017 defence policy is a step in the right direction when it comes to defence and security policy

Proposed use of the Plenary Powers to designate a type species in harmony with accustomed usage for the genus Protopeltura Brogger, 1882 (Class Trilobita), a genus based upon a misidentified type species

Volume: 12Start Page: 31End Page: 3

Fra Neger til N-ordet

Denne masteroppgaven ser på begrepet neger, og spør hva er neger? Studien bygger på Reinhart Koselleck sine tanker om hvordan begrepshistorie skal gjennomføres for å avdekke et begreps semantiske felt. Det er 7 bøker som blitt benyttet, fra 1853 og fram til 2011. Det er ingen dypt underliggende motivasjon for denne masteroppgaven. Hele ideen ble sagt høyt på et seminar ved en tilfeldighet. Det har derimot utviklet seg et nært forhold til temaet. Etter hvert som kunnskapen synker inn gir det stadig mer mening for meg hvorfor det fort kan bli uenigheter når man bruker negerordet. Ser du etter noe som kan bekrefte at neger har enten en nøytral eller negativ ladning når det blir ytret så finner du ikke det her. Oppgaven ser bare på det semantiske feltet knyttet til neger. Denne masteroppgaven viser blant annet at et konsept ikke er statisk i sin betydning. Konsepter endrer mening etter hvert som det semantiske feltet knyttet til neger endret seg. Dagens forståelse er knyttet til at neger er en person med en mørk hudfarge og har et opphav i Afrika. Eldste lærerboken i denne studien knytter neger i hovedsak til hvilket språk de snakket

Support for Dr. Jaanusson\u27s proposal regarding the generic name Ptycho-pyge Angelin, 1854 (Class Trilobita)

Volume: 11Start Page: 36

Developing Intercultural Competence amongst Higher Education Staff: Is there a Role for Organizational Change Management?

Canadian higher education institutions are currently pursuing ambitious internationalization mandates. Due to the seriousness with which higher education institutions pursue internationalization and the difficulty of delivering on such mandates, it is important that institutions develop intercultural competence skills amongst their administrative staff. This paper will explore the importance of promoting and strengthening intercultural competence for higher education staff members to deliver on internationalization mandates and outcomes. The paper will also provide an overview of organizational change management, before exploring how institutions can use change management practice to support internationalization. To conclude, the paper offers a short list of recommendations for developing intercultural competence amongst administrative staff, through the lens of organizational change management