Noncommutative Gauge Theory on Fuzzy Sphere from Matrix Model

We derive a noncommutative U(1) and U(n) gauge theory on the fuzzy sphere from a three dimensional matrix model by expanding the model around a classical solution of the fuzzy sphere. Chern-Simons term is added in the matrix model to make the fuzzy sphere as a classical solution of the model. Majorana mass term is also added to make it supersymmetric. We consider two large $N$ limits, one corresponding to a gauge theory on a commutative sphere and the other to that on a noncommutative plane. We also investigate stability of the fuzzy sphere by calculating one-loop effective action around classical solutions. In the final part of this paper, we consider another matrix model which gives a supersymmetric gauge theory on the fuzzy sphere. In this matrix model, only Chern-Simons term is added and supersymmetry transformation is modified.Comment: 31 pages, more investigations of the theory in the commutative limit and references adde

The effect of peri-conception hyperglycaemia and the involvement of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in mediating oocyte and embryo developmental competence

The environment that the oocyte is exposed to during the peri-conception period can have a significant impact on oocyte developmental competence (the ability of the oocyte to support fertilisation and subsequent embryo development) and the long-term health of the resulting offspring. This is particularly true for maternal hyperglycaemia. While maternal hyperglycaemia during early pregnancy through term development has been extensively studied, the effects on the oocyte itself, and the underlying mechanisms, remain largely unknown. There is increasing evidence, however, for the role of the fuel-sensing hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in mediating the effects of hyperglycaemia in many different cell types. In this review, we will focus on the reproductive consequences of maternal hyperglycaemia during the peri-conceptual period and the role of the hexosamine pathway in mediating these processes.Laura A. Frank, Melanie L. Sutton-McDowall, Robert B. Gilchrist, and Jeremy G. Thompso

Effect of varying glucose and glucosamine concentration in vitro on mouse oocyte maturation and developmental competence

Published online: 7 November 2012The effects of hyper- and hypo-glycaemic conditions during the in vitro maturation of mouse cumulus–oocyte complexes on developmental competence were examined, with an emphasis on the role of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. A low (1 mM) glucose concentration achieved optimal oocyte competence (3-fold higher blastocyst development rate compared with high (30 mM) glucose, P < 0.05). In addition, glucose supplementation during only the first hour after release from the follicle was necessary and sufficient to support oocyte maturation and embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Glucosamine (a known hyperglycaemic mimetic and specific activator of the hexosamine pathway) was able to substitute for glucose during this first hour, indicating that flux through the hexosamine pathway is essential for oocyte competence. In the absence of glucose throughout the maturation period, glucosamine was not able to increase developmental competence, and at higher concentrations (2.5 and 5 mM) had a detrimental effect on MII and blastocyst development rates, compared with controls (P < 0.05). These experiments underscore the importance of glucose metabolic pathways during in vitro maturation and support the concept that excess flux through the hexosamine pathway has detrimental consequences.L. A. Frank, M. L. Sutton-McDowall, D. L. Russell, X. Wang, D. K. Feil, R. B. Gilchrist, and J. G. Thompso

Annulate Lamellae in Prothoracic Gland Cells of Brainless Pupae of the Swallowtail, Papilio xuthus (Lepidoptera) : Cell Biology

Volume: 6Start Page: 907End Page: 91

The Effects of Grazing Systems on Plant Communities in Steppe Lands—A Case Study from Mongolia’s Pastoralists and Inner Mongolian Settlement Areas

This study examines the effects of different grazing systems in two neighboring regions with similar biotic and abiotic factors, Nalan Soum in Mongolia and Naren Soum in Inner Mongolia, China. We employed the quadrat sampling method and remote sensing to set three perpendicular lines that dissect the boundary between the two countries, and seven lines parallel to the boundary to form a rectangular shape as a means to compare plant community response to different grazing systems under natural conditions. NDVI data is included in discussing the causes of Mongolian grassland degradation. The results of quadrat sampling and NDVI analysis show that rotational grazing has greater values for the quadrat’s average height, total coverage, total individual density, and total aboveground biomass (p &lt; 0.05), but has lower species richness than continuous grazing (p &gt; 0.05). The NVDI values of rotational grazing in 1989, 2005, 2011, and 2016 were higher those of continuous grazing, and significant difference was shown in 2011 and 2016; the NDVI value of continuous grazing in 1993 was higher than that of rotational grazing, but did not show a significant difference. This indicates that different grazing approaches affect steppe ecological systems in different ways, despite their similar biotic and abiotic factors, as well as grazing intensity. Nonetheless, we find rotational grazing to be better for ecosystem vitality than continuous grazing, to some degree

The Effects of Grazing Systems on Plant Communities in Steppe Lands : A Case Study from Mongolia’s Pastoralists and Inner Mongolian Settlement Areas

This study examines the effects of different grazing systems in two neighboring regions with similar biotic and abiotic factors, Nalan Soum in Mongolia and Naren Soum in Inner Mongolia, China. We employed the quadrat sampling method and remote sensing to set three perpendicular lines that dissect the boundary between the two countries, and seven lines parallel to the boundary to form a rectangular shape as a means to compare plant community response to different grazing systems under natural conditions. NDVI data is included in discussing the causes of Mongolian grassland degradation. The results of quadrat sampling and NDVI analysis show that rotational grazing has greater values for the quadrat’s average height, total coverage, total individual density, and total aboveground biomass (p 0.05). The NVDI values of rotational grazing in 1989, 2005, 2011, and 2016 were higher those of continuous grazing, and significant difference was shown in 2011 and 2016; the NDVI value of continuous grazing in 1993 was higher than that of rotational grazing, but did not show a significant difference. This indicates that different grazing approaches affect steppe ecological systems in different ways, despite their similar biotic and abiotic factors, as well as grazing intensity. Nonetheless, we find rotational grazing to be better for ecosystem vitality than continuous grazing, to some degree

画像解析装置の法医学的応用 : 死後経過時間の推定の試み

On the supposition of the human violent death cases, the liver cell area and its nucleus area of the mice which were left out in the several experimental conditions (Temperature: 4°C, 20°C and 37°C; Period: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days) were measured for estimating the postmortem time by the interactive image analysis system with computer management. By using this system, it is possible to quantify the histological alteration and morphological changes in cells resulted from autolytic deterioration for the postmortem intervals. The ratio of the nucleus area to the cell area which was measured by this system could be wide application to the estimation of death in forensic sciences. This system will offer the potential to the forensic pathologists for deciding the time of death

EEG–EMG polygraphic study of dystonia and myoclonus in a case of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

We report on a patient with sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) who showed dystonia, periodic myoclonus, and periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) on EEG. The EEG–EMG polygraphic study revealed that dystonia appeared without relation to periodic myoclonus and PSWCs and that dystonia EMGs were strongly suppressed after periodic myoclonus EMGs. These findings suggest that dystonia has a pathogenesis different from that of periodic myoclonus and PSWCs, but dystonia and periodic myoclonus may be generated through the sensorimotor cortex in CJD