136 research outputs found
Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Brownian Motion Tree Models Based on One Sample
We study the problem of maximum likelihood estimation given one data sample
() over Brownian Motion Tree Models (BMTMs), a class of Gaussian models on
trees. BMTMs are often used as a null model in phylogenetics, where the
one-sample regime is common. Specifically, we show that, almost surely, the
one-sample BMTM maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) exists, is unique, and
corresponds to a fully observed tree. Moreover, we provide a polynomial time
algorithm for its exact computation. We also consider the MLE over all possible
BMTM tree structures in the one-sample case and show that it exists almost
surely, that it coincides with the MLE over diagonally dominant M-matrices, and
that it admits a unique closed-form solution that corresponds to a path graph.
Finally, we explore statistical properties of the one-sample BMTM MLE through
numerical experiments
Engagement für inter- und transdisziplinäre Forschung zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung
Die SAGUF lanciert neue Arbeitsgruppen zu aktuellen Themen und Herausforderungen
Impact of chemotherapy for HIV-1 related lymphoma on residual viremia and cellular HIV-1 DNA in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy
The first cure of HIV-1 infection was achieved through complex, multimodal therapy including myeloablative chemotherapy, total body irradiation, anti-Thymocyte globulin, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation with a CCR5 delta32 homozygous donor. The contributions of each component of this therapy to HIV-1 eradication are unclear. To assess the impact of cytotoxic chemotherapy alone on HIV-1 persistence, we longitudinally evaluated low-level plasma viremia and HIV-1 DNA in PBMC from patients in the ACTG A5001/ALLRT cohort on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) who underwent chemotherapy for HIV-1 related lymphoma without interrupting ART. Plasma HIV-1 RNA, total HIV-1 DNA and 2-LTR circles (2-LTRs) in PBMC were measured using sensitive qPCR assays. In the 9 patients who received moderately intensive chemotherapy for HIV-1 related lymphoma with uninterrupted ART, low-level plasma HIV-1 RNA did not change significantly with chemotherapy: median HIV-1 RNA was 1 copy/mL (interquartile range: 1.0 to 20) pre-chemotherapy versus 4 copies/mL (interquartile range: 1.0 to 7.0) post-chemotherapy. HIV-1 DNA levels also did not change significantly, with median prechemotherapy HIV-1 DNA of 355 copies/106 CD4+ cells versus 228 copies/106 CD4+ cells post-chemotherapy. 2-LTRs were detectable in 2 of 9 patients pre-chemotherapy and in 3 of 9 patients post-chemotherapy. In summary, moderately intensive chemotherapy for HIV-1 related lymphoma in the context of continuous ART did not have a prolonged impact on HIV-1 persistence. © 2014 Cillo et al
Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs
A nanoparticle bed micro-reactor with high syngas yield for moderate temperature micro-scale SOFC power plants
HIV prevention transformed : the new prevention research agenda.
We have entered a new era in HIV prevention whereby priorities have expanded from biomedical
discovery to include implementation, effectiveness, and the effect of combination prevention at
the population level. However, gaps in knowledge and implementation challenges remain. In this
Review we analyse trends in the rapidly changing landscape of HIV prevention, and chart a new
path for HIV prevention research that focuses on the implementation of effective and efficient
combination prevention strategies to turn the tide on the HIV pandemic
Short- and long-term neurobehavioral effects of lumbar puncture and shunting in patients with malabsorptive hydrocephalus after subarachnoid haemorrhage: An explorative case study
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