Mendelian Inheritance Pattern and High Mutation Rates of Microsatellite Alleles in the Diatom Pseudo-nitzchia multistriata

The diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata exhibits a diplontic life cycle composed of an extensive phase of vegetative cell division and a brief phase of sexual reproduction. To explore genotypic stability, we genotyped seven polymorphic microsatellite loci in 26 monoclonal strains over 3–16 months in a culture maintenance regime. Moreover, to assess inheritance patterns of the microsatellite alleles, we genotyped 246 F1 strains resulting from four mating experiments between parental strains of know genotype. Results generally conformed expectations according to Mendelian inheritance patterns, but deviations were detected indicating mutations during sexual reproduction. A total of forty-two mutations were detected in the clonal cultures over time. Microsatellites with more core-repeats accumulated mutations faster. The mutation rate varied significantly across loci and strains. A binomial mass function and a computer simulation showed that the mutation rate was significantly higher during the first months of culture (μ≈3×10-3 per locus per cell division) and decreased to μ≈1×10-3 in the strains kept for 16 months. Our results suggest that genetic mutations acquired in both the vegetative phase and sexual reproduction add to the allelic diversity of microsatellites, and hence to the genotypic variation present in a natural population

A global perspective on marine photosynthetic picoeukaryote community structure

A central goal in ecology is to understand the factors affecting the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of microorganisms and the underlying processes causing differences in community structure and composition. However, little is known in this respect for photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs), algae that are now recognised as major players in marine CO2 fixation. Here, we analysed dot blot hybridisation and cloning–sequencing data, using the plastid-encoded 16S rRNA gene, from seven research cruises that encompassed all four ocean biomes. We provide insights into global abundance, α- and β-diversity distribution and the environmental factors shaping PPE community structure and composition. At the class level, the most commonly encountered PPEs were Prymnesiophyceae and Chrysophyceae. These taxa displayed complementary distribution patterns, with peak abundances of Prymnesiophyceae and Chrysophyceae in waters of high (25:1) or low (12:1) nitrogen:phosphorus (N:P) ratio, respectively. Significant differences in phylogenetic composition of PPEs were demonstrated for higher taxonomic levels between ocean basins, using Unifrac analyses of clone library sequence data. Differences in composition were generally greater between basins (interbasins) than within a basin (intrabasin). These differences were primarily linked to taxonomic variation in the composition of Prymnesiophyceae and Prasinophyceae whereas Chrysophyceae were phylogenetically similar in all libraries. These data provide better knowledge of PPE community structure across the world ocean and are crucial in assessing their evolution and contribution to CO2 fixation, especially in the context of global climate change

Evolutionary aspects of resurrection ecology: Progress, scope, and applications-an overview

This perspective provides an overview to the Special Issue on Resurrection Ecology (RE). It summarizes the contributions to this Special Issue, and provides background information and future prospects for the use of RE in both basic and applied evolutionary studies.Peer reviewedIntegrative Biolog

En utforskande fallstudie av produktlinjer för utveckling av storskaliga simulatorprodukter

This thesis takes a process-centric approach to Product Line Engineering (PLE) with the purpose of evaluating the suitability of PLE practices and processes in the context of large-scale industrial simulator products. This human-centered approach sets itself apart from previous research on the subject which has been mostly focused on architectural and technical aspects of PLE. The study took place at Saab, a Swedish aerospace and defense company whose primary product is the Saab 39 Gripen fighter aircraft. The study was conducted as a series of interviews with participants across three product lines, each responsible for a different line of simulators. By investigating their current working processes using the Family Evaluation Framework, a maturity rating was derived for each product line. This maturity rating was then considered alongside commonly reported issues and experiences in order to evaluate the usefulness of PLE practices for each product line. It was found that the studied organization could likely benefit from implementing PLE. PLE and the Family Evaluation Framework promotes practices that would alleviate some of the major issues found in the studied organization such as unclear requirements, issues with product integration and external dependencies, and a lack of quantitative data. Due to the relative immaturity of PLE processes in the studied organization, these conclusions are based on a review of existing literature and the stated goals and practices of PLE applied to the context of the studied organization

Classification of Clothing Attributes Across Domains

Classifying clothing attributes in surveillance images can be useful in the forensic field, making it easier to, for example, find suspects based on eyewitness accounts. Deep Neural Networks are often used successfully in image classification, but require a large amount of annotated data. Since labeling data can be time consuming or difficult, and it is easier to get hold of labeled fashion images, this thesis investigates how the domain shift from a fashion domain to a surveillance domain, with little or no annotated data, affects a classifier. In the experiments, two deep networks of different depth are used as a base and trained on only fashion images as well as both labeled and unlabeled surveillance images, with and without domain adaptation regularizers. The surveillance dataset is new and consists of images that were collected from different surveillance cameras and annotated during this thesis work. The results show that there is a degradation in performance for a classifier trained on the fashion domain when tested on the surveillance domain, compared to when tested on the fashion domain. The results also show that if no labeled data in the surveillance domain is used for these experiments, it is more effective to use the deeper network and train it on only fashion data, rather than to use the more complicated unsupervised domain adaptation method

En utforskande fallstudie av produktlinjer för utveckling av storskaliga simulatorprodukter

This thesis takes a process-centric approach to Product Line Engineering (PLE) with the purpose of evaluating the suitability of PLE practices and processes in the context of large-scale industrial simulator products. This human-centered approach sets itself apart from previous research on the subject which has been mostly focused on architectural and technical aspects of PLE. The study took place at Saab, a Swedish aerospace and defense company whose primary product is the Saab 39 Gripen fighter aircraft. The study was conducted as a series of interviews with participants across three product lines, each responsible for a different line of simulators. By investigating their current working processes using the Family Evaluation Framework, a maturity rating was derived for each product line. This maturity rating was then considered alongside commonly reported issues and experiences in order to evaluate the usefulness of PLE practices for each product line. It was found that the studied organization could likely benefit from implementing PLE. PLE and the Family Evaluation Framework promotes practices that would alleviate some of the major issues found in the studied organization such as unclear requirements, issues with product integration and external dependencies, and a lack of quantitative data. Due to the relative immaturity of PLE processes in the studied organization, these conclusions are based on a review of existing literature and the stated goals and practices of PLE applied to the context of the studied organization

Design in game

Det finns idag behov till en undervisningsform som på ett roligt och enkelt sätt engagerar studenter till att lära sig om design. Studenter är olika och behöver olika undervisningsformer. Problemet löses via ett brädspel som är kunskapsgivande vilket får studenter engagerade. Under tio veckor har jag arbetat med ett testbrädspel för designstudenter som ett komplement till designundervisningen. Jag har intervjuat folk om design och skaffat mig kunskaper om hur en yrkesverksam designers tillvaro kan se ut. Tester av spelet har ägts rum för att se om det är underhållande och hjälp har tagits av yrkesverksamma brädspelsutvecklare och lärare för speldesign. Resultatet blev ett koncept till ett brädspel där det går att rulla ihop planen i en papperscylinder eller vika planen till en låda för att lösa förpackningsproblemet. I spelet förekommer spelmarkörer, låtsaspengar och spelkort i olika format. Spelplanen kan senare utvecklas tillsammans med yrkesverksamma spelutvecklare.There is today a need for an education method that in a entertaining and simple way commits students to learn about design. Students are different in the way they learn and need different educationsmethod. The problem is solved by a boardgame that gives knowledge which makes students committed. During ten weeks I have worked with a test boardgame product for designstudents as a complement for the design education. I have interviewed people about design and collected knowledge about how a designers everyday life may look like. Tests of the game has been taken place to see if the game is entertaining, and help has been taken from boardgame developers and a gamedesign teacher. The result became a concept for a gameplan where it is possible to roll the plan into a cylinder or fold the plan to a box in order to solve the packaging issue. In the game there is gamemarkers, toymoney and game cards in different formats . The gameplan may later be developed together with professional game developers

En utforskande fallstudie av produktlinjer för utveckling av storskaliga simulatorprodukter

This thesis takes a process-centric approach to Product Line Engineering (PLE) with the purpose of evaluating the suitability of PLE practices and processes in the context of large-scale industrial simulator products. This human-centered approach sets itself apart from previous research on the subject which has been mostly focused on architectural and technical aspects of PLE. The study took place at Saab, a Swedish aerospace and defense company whose primary product is the Saab 39 Gripen fighter aircraft. The study was conducted as a series of interviews with participants across three product lines, each responsible for a different line of simulators. By investigating their current working processes using the Family Evaluation Framework, a maturity rating was derived for each product line. This maturity rating was then considered alongside commonly reported issues and experiences in order to evaluate the usefulness of PLE practices for each product line. It was found that the studied organization could likely benefit from implementing PLE. PLE and the Family Evaluation Framework promotes practices that would alleviate some of the major issues found in the studied organization such as unclear requirements, issues with product integration and external dependencies, and a lack of quantitative data. Due to the relative immaturity of PLE processes in the studied organization, these conclusions are based on a review of existing literature and the stated goals and practices of PLE applied to the context of the studied organization

Classification of Clothing Attributes Across Domains

Classifying clothing attributes in surveillance images can be useful in the forensic field, making it easier to, for example, find suspects based on eyewitness accounts. Deep Neural Networks are often used successfully in image classification, but require a large amount of annotated data. Since labeling data can be time consuming or difficult, and it is easier to get hold of labeled fashion images, this thesis investigates how the domain shift from a fashion domain to a surveillance domain, with little or no annotated data, affects a classifier. In the experiments, two deep networks of different depth are used as a base and trained on only fashion images as well as both labeled and unlabeled surveillance images, with and without domain adaptation regularizers. The surveillance dataset is new and consists of images that were collected from different surveillance cameras and annotated during this thesis work. The results show that there is a degradation in performance for a classifier trained on the fashion domain when tested on the surveillance domain, compared to when tested on the fashion domain. The results also show that if no labeled data in the surveillance domain is used for these experiments, it is more effective to use the deeper network and train it on only fashion data, rather than to use the more complicated unsupervised domain adaptation method