MODOS COLECTIVOS DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO DE LOS ACADEMICOS DE LAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS MEXICANAS

Actualmente se reconoce la importancia que ha adquirido el conocimiento y el impacto que las políticas para la ciencia y la educación universitaria han tenido en las formas de producción del conocimiento académico. El presente trabajo muestra los hallazgos de una investigación denominada “Modos colectivos de producción de conocimiento en universidades públicas estatales (UPEs)”. La investigación se realizó en 45 universidades con la participación de 506 académicos. Las principales conclusiones señalan que: la academia ha transitado de una actividad personal a una profesión con características comunitarias; el desarrollo heterogéneo de la producción académica ha dependido de las condiciones del entorno institucional caracterizado tanto por las restricciones materiales como por la estructura de las UPEs; existe una tendencia hacia el trabajo colectivo, con objetivos vinculados a las demandas sociales y económicas específicas cuyo costo sólo puede absorber el Estado o aquellos competidores del mundo industrial; se transita entre la pequeña ciencia (realizada por individuos o grupos reducidos) a una gran ciencia caracterizada por grupos de investigadores participantes en programas y redes más amplios, plenamente institucionalizada, altamente profesionalizada y claramente especializada. Finalmente, la producción del conocimiento pasa por un momento dominante que de acuerdo a la tipología de Gibbons y otros autores se inserta en el modo de producción 2 llamado “Modo emergente” en donde predomina una estructura transdisciplinar, heterogénea y heterárquica. La producción de conocimientos se lleva a cabo en un contexto de aplicación y configurado por un conjunto diverso de demandas intelectuales y sociales

Factors that promote positive attitudes towards mathematics in higher education students

The purpose of this review article is to explain the importance of understanding attitudes towards teaching and learning mathematics in higher education students. For that, we start from the premise that attitudes are related to performance towards learning mathematics, bearing in mind that what directly influences their success are the feelings of possessing competencies to understand their contents and not the feelings of difficulty towards them. In essence, at first, we describe the different attitudes towards mathematics. Next, we examine how attitudes influence math learning and finally identify the factors that foster positive attitudes toward math. From this, we suggest teaching practices that can be carried out to foster positive attitudes towards mathematics and propose new lines of research in this field

Impact of a basic mathematics course on the performance of college students in algebra subject

A common problem for universities is the lack of knowledge and mathematical skills of new students because this deficiency creates difficulties in their studies throughout their career, which can cause their dropout. The aim of this paper is to describe the impact of a basic mathematics course on the performance of college student in algebra subject. This is a 32-hour course which is developed in 16 sessions in parallel to the algebra classes and is mainly offered to students: a) identified with low performance on mathematics component of national highschool test, and b) remitted by the subject teacher. The main findings are: a) the pass rate for students who attended to more than half of the sessions of the course if 95%, and b) the average grade of the subject tends to increase as with the attendance level to the course of the students. Consequently, these results lead to the conclusion that the course has a positive effect on the students' performance

RELACIÓN DE LOS NIVELES DE PLOMO EN SANGRE CON LA INGESTA DE CALCIO Y HIERRO EN MUJERES POTENCIALMENTE GESTANTES

En el presente estudio se evaluó la relación entre la ingesta de calcio y hierro con los niveles deplomo en sangre en mujeres potencialmente gestantes. La investigación se desarrollo en el ÁreaMetropolitana de Monterrey, N.L.., México. Se considero a 69 mujeres de entre 19 a 24 años deedad, a las cuales se les tomo una muestra de sangre y se le valoro sus hábitos alimentariosmediante una frecuencia alimentaria. La media de plomo sanguíneo fue 4.52 m gr/dl (rango de 1.5a 16.6). Se observo una tendencia estadísticamente significativa de disminución del riesgo depresentar niveles de plomo altos al incrementarse el consumo de calcio; no así con respecto alconsumo de hierro.AbstractTo evaluate the relation between calcium and iron intake and blood lead levels in women ofreproductive age living in Monterrey, Mexico. Blood lead assayed in 69 women of 19 to 24 years ofage. By interrogation, the calcium and iron intake was calculated from frequency of consumption.The mean blood lead was 4.52 (range 1.5 to 16.6). It observed statistically significant decreasingtrend between the risk high levels of lead and the increase in calcium intake; however it is notstatistically significant by intake iron.Palabras calve: Epidemiología, dieta, calcio, plomo en sangre, Epidemiology, diet, calcium, blood lea

Whole genome sequencing of Shigella sonnei through PulseNet Latin America and Caribbean: advancing global surveillance of foodborne illnesses

Objectives Shigella sonnei is a globally important diarrhoeal pathogen tracked through the surveillance network PulseNet Latin America and Caribbean (PNLA&C), which participates in PulseNet International. PNLA&C laboratories use common molecular techniques to track pathogens causing foodborne illness. We aimed to demonstrate the possibility and advantages of transitioning to whole genome sequencing (WGS) for surveillance within existing networks across a continent where S. sonnei is endemic. Methods We applied WGS to representative archive isolates of S. sonnei (n = 323) from laboratories in nine PNLA&C countries to generate a regional phylogenomic reference for S. sonnei and put this in the global context. We used this reference to contextualise 16 S. sonnei from three Argentinian outbreaks, using locally generated sequence data. Assembled genome sequences were used to predict antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and identify AMR determinants. Results S. sonnei isolates clustered in five Latin American sublineages in the global phylogeny, with many (46%, 149 of 323) belonging to previously undescribed sublineages. Predicted multidrug resistance was common (77%, 249 of 323), and clinically relevant differences in AMR were found among sublineages. The regional overview showed that Argentinian outbreak isolates belonged to distinct sublineages and had different epidemiologic origins. Conclusions Latin America contains novel genetic diversity of S. sonnei that is relevant on a global scale and commonly exhibits multidrug resistance. Retrospective passive surveillance with WGS has utility for informing treatment, identifying regionally epidemic sublineages and providing a framework for interpretation of prospective, locally sequenced outbreaks

Actas de las V Jornadas ScienCity 2022. Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación en Ciudades Inteligentes

ScienCity es una actividad que viene siendo continuada desde 2018 con el objetivo de dar a conocer los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana, así como gestar una red internacional multidisciplinar de investigadores que garantice la continuación de futuras ediciones. En 2022 se recibieron un total de 48 trabajos repartidos en 25 ponencias y 24 pósteres pertenecientes a 98 autores de 14 instituciones distintas de España, Portugal, Polonia y Países Bajos.Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Consejería de la Presidencia, Administración Pública e Interior de la Junta de Andalucía; Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Huelva; Cátedra de Innovación Social de Aguas de Huelva; Cátedra de la Provincia; Grupo de investigación TEP-192 de Control y Robótica; Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES

Monitoring bacterial composition and assemblage in the Gulf of Corcovado, southern Chile: Bacteria associated with harmful algae

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) have caused damage to the marine environment in Isla San Pedro in the Gulf of Corcovado, Chile. While rising water temperature and artificial eutrophication are the most discussed topics as a cause, marine bacteria is a recent attractive parameter as an algal bloom driver. This study monitored algal and bacterial compositions in the water of Isla San Pedro for one year using microscopy and 16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis, along with physicochemical parameters. The collected data were analyzed with various statistical tools to understand how the particle-associated bacteria (PA) and the free-living (FL) bacteria were possibly involved in algal blooms. Both FL and PA fractions maintained a stable bacterial composition: the FL fraction was dominated by Proteobacteria (α-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria), and Cyanobacteria dominated the PA fraction. The two fractions contained equivalent bacterial taxonomic richness (c.a. 8,000 Operational Taxonomic Units) and shared more than 50% of OTU; however, roughly 20% was exclusive to each fraction. The four most abundant algal genera in the Isla San Pedro water were Thalassiosira, Skeletonema, Chaetoceros, and Pseudo-nitzchia. Statistical analysis identified that the bacterial species Polycyclovorans algicola was correlated with Pseudo-nitzschia spp., and our monitoring data recorded a sudden increase of particle-associated Polycyclovorans algicola shortly after the increase of Pseudo-nitzschia, suggesting that P. algicola may have regression effect on Pseudo-nitzschia spp. The study also investigated the physicochemical parameter effect on algal-bacterial interactions. Oxygen concentration and chlorophyll-a showed a strong correlation with both FL and PA bacteria despite their assemblage differences, suggesting that the two groups had different mechanisms for interacting with algal species

A Chilean Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring Program using Metabarcoding Analysis by SATREPS-MACH

This video introduces steps of Harmful Algae monitoring in Chile performed by the SATREPS-MACH project. It includes the procedures from sampling to data summary. The video is created to present to the public what Harmful Algae are and how toxic algae are being monitored. The video also aims to explain to scientists how to use metabarcoding analysis for monitoring algal species. This film answers these questions visually step by step. See more information about the SATREPS-MACH project: https://www.mach-satreps.org