Descripción y comparación morfológica del cráneo de los lagartos Anolis Antonii (Boulenger, 1908) y Anolis Auratus (Daudin, 1802) (Squamata-Polychrotidae)

La falta de datos anatómicos y morfológicos hace interesante a los organismos en estudio, por lo que se debe comenzar con investigaciones fundamentales para poder complementar y completar algunos de los vacios teóricos, para lo cual la morfología es una herramienta útil para estas investigaciones básicas y posteriores estudios de clasificación de género y especie. Por lo tanto, se realizó la descripción detallada del cráneo del lagarto A. antonii y se comparó con el cráneo del lagarto A. auratus, las cuales se compararon con descripciones ya realizadas sobre algunos cráneos del género y de la familia a la cual pertenecen las especies de Anolis, y así conocer algunas de las diferencias y similitudes, para poder identificar potenciales caracteres de importancia sistemática. La descripción de los cráneos se realizó en base a la ya realizada por Oelrich (1956) a un Iguanido y expusó en dibujos. Por otro lado, se hizó una comparación detallada de caracteres únicos y compartidos entre las dos especies de Anolis para indicar su posible importancia sistemática.The lack of anatomical and morphological data makes it interesting to study organisms and therefore must begin with basic research to complement and complete some of the empty theory, for which the morphology is a useful tool for basic research and later these gender studies and species classification. Therefore, I performed a detailed description of the skull of the lizard A. antonii and I compared with the skull of the lizard A. auratus, which both were compared with descriptions and some skulls made of the same gender and the same family of species from Anolis, and get to know some of the differences and similarities in order to identify potential characters of systematic importance. The description of the skulls were made on the based of the already work done by Oelrich (1956), of the description of a specie of Iguanid. On the other hand, I made a detailed comparison of unique characters shared between the two species of Anolis to indicate possible systematic importance.Biólogo (a)Pregrad

Propuesta en la Ampliación del Portafolio de Servicios Financieros a los Microempresarios Ceduladas a Través de una Nueva Alianza entre BANCAMÍA y FEDEPANELA

Presentar la propuesta de pre factibilidad para realizar una alianza entre BANCAMÍA Y FEDEPANELA con el fin de ampliar los beneficios que brinda la tenencia de la cédula panelera a los microempresarios del sector.Este proyecto denominado: "Propuesta en la ampliación del portafolio de servicios financieros a los microempresarios ceduladas a través de una nueva alianza entre BANCAMÍA y FEDEPANELA" se desarrolló con el fin de trazar un portafolio de servicios financieros a microempresarios paneleros cedulados, vinculados a la Federación panelera Colombiana, este trabajo está orientado a brindar una estructura de oferta financiera y no financiera a dicha población, el trabajo de campo e in situ, contempló un análisis de los beneficios de la tenencia de la cédula panelera, un estudio del portafolio de servicios aptos al público objetivo y posteriormente una oferta integral que permite bancarizar, educar, brindar y asesorar de manera técnica a los microempresarios, como parte de la propuesta, la investigación adelantada coadyuvó a la constitución y propuesta para formalización del portafolio con oferta financiera y no financiera a la segmento propenso a la alianza, de manera tal que quedaron evidenciadas las herramientas profesionalesThis project titled “Proposal in the extension of the financial services portfolio, to registered migroemployres throng a new alliance between BANCAMÍA y FEDEPANELA,” or "Proposal to expand the portfolio of financial services to certified microentrepreneurs through a new alliance between BANCAMÍA and FEDEPANELA," was developed in order to draw up a portfolio of financial services to certified “panela” (a solid form of sucrose derived from the boiling and evaporation of sugarcane juice) microentrepreneurs linked to the Colombian “Panelera” Federation. This project is aimed at providing a structure of choice, either financial or non-financial, to said population. The field work and in situ, contemplated an analysis of the benefits of the possession of the “panelera” certificate, a study of the portfolio of suitable services to the target audience and subsequently a comprehensive offer that allows banking, educating, and providing technical advice to microentrepreneurs. As part of the proposal, the advanced research contributed to the constitution and proposal for formalization of the portfolio with financial and non-financial options to the segment prone to the alliance, in such a way that the professional tool

Reforma tributaria versus renta del sector cooperativo de Colombia 2017

El presente trabajo ilustra el impacto que trajo consignada la reforma tributaria del año 2016 en el sector cooperativo, respecto a la destinación de sus excedentes, la cual determinará si generara cambios significativos en sus actividades tributarias. La ley 1819 de 2016, regula que las cooperativas pertenecen al régimen especial y no estarán obligadas a llevar el procedimiento de calificación ante la autoridad tributaria, de igual forma tributaran sobre sus beneficios netos o excedentes a la tarifa única especial del 20% y que este impuesto será tomado en su totalidad del fondo de educación y solidaridad. Ahora bien, podrán ser excluidas del Régimen Tributario Especial lo que trae como consecuencia que serán contribuyentes del impuesto de renta conforme a las normas establecidas para sociedades comerciales. Sin embargo no considera el gremio que la multicitada reforma y la destinación de sus excedentes afectara su objeto social, pero, si es considerada deficiente la planeación de la política fiscal en Colombia. Con base a lo anterior, las cooperativas no le temen a cambios estructurales en su régimen puesto que se considera que se han fortalecido los mecanismos para la evasión y elusión fiscal para el sector, lo único que consideran afectado son sus excedentes, los cuales distribuían en educación formal, ahora pasará el 10% solo a educación superior y el otro 10% deberá trasladarse a la DIAN.This work describes the impact that the tax reform of the year 2016 has had on the cooperative sector, with respect to the destination of its surpluses, which will determine if significant changes were generated in its tax activities. Law 1819 of 2016, dictates that cooperatives belong to the special regime and will not be obliged to perform the qualification procedure before the tax authority. In the same way, they will pay on their net benefits or surpluses to the special single rate of 20% and that this tax will be taken in full from the education and solidarity fund. In addition, cooperatives may be excluded from the special tax regime, which has the consequence that they will be taxpayers of income tax in accordance with the rules established for commercial companies. However, the reform did not consider how the destination of the surpluses of cooperatives would affect their corporate purpose, which is why the planning of fiscal policy in Colombia is considered deficient. Cooperatives are not afraid of structural changes in their regime since it is considered that mechanisms for tax evasion and avoidance have been strengthened for the sector. The only thing that they consider to be affected are their surpluses, which they distributed in formal education, and which now will pass 10% only to higher education and the other 10% will have to move to the DIAN

Educación para el siglo XXI: Derechos humanos, ciudadanía y diversidad sexual

172 p. Libro ElectrónicoEste libro recoge el resultado de la sistematización del programa “Maestros y maestras que inspiran” de la línea de Derechos humanos, ciudadanía y diversidad sexual. Estos documentos contienen los relatos de los docentes participantes, como resultado del trabajo dentro y fuera de las aulas en diferentes colegios del Distrito Capital. Los docentes narran sus experiencias desde los diversos contextos, así como las diferentes metodologías utilizadas todas con el fin de forta-lecer la ciudadanía, no solo de sus estudiantes, sino de ellos mismos, de padres y madres de familia y la comunidad en general. Finalmente nos cuentan, cuáles fueron los principales logros y las recomendacio-nes para otros docentes que quieran seguir sus pasos

Serovigilancia de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación: una mirada desde la experiencia con la tosferina

Introduction: Serological surveillance (serosurveillance) provides the most direct measure of herd immunity of vaccine-preventable diseases. Little is known about the opportunities and challenges of serosurveillance experiences, particularly pertussis.Objective: To describe the process of serosurveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases with an emphasis on the experience of pertussis in the metropolitan area of Antioquia (Valle de Aburrá) in 2015 and 2016 and analyze the contributions and challenges for its sustainability.Materials and methods: We described the planning and conduction of serosurveillance of pertussis antibodies of mothers and in the umbilical cord at the time of delivery in eight hospitals based on random sampling and their capacity to advance the serosurveillance periodically. We compared the contributions and the challenges of this experience with other probabilistic and non-probabilistic programs.Results: We achieved the participation of hospitals and mothers respecting the delivery care process. We established a serum bank following ethical and technical guidelines. This program based on the random selection of hospitals and mothers has enabled the estimation of antibodies prevalence in mothers and in the umbilical cord, which has been possible given the high coverage of hospital care during childbirth at a lower cost and fewer risks than a population-based survey in conflictive areas. The main challenges for the sustainability of this program are the creation of stable jobs and access to funding and legal and methodological long-term frameworks.Conclusions: Hospital serosurveillance as described is an option to monitor the impact of vaccination on the population. Our experience could be reproduced in other regions under similar conditions if the above-mentioned challenges are solved.Introducción. La vigilancia serológica es la forma más directa de medir la inmunidad de rebaño frente a las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. Poco se sabe acerca de las oportunidades y los desafíos de las experiencias de serovigilancia, en general y, específicamente, la de la tosferina.Objetivo. Describir el proceso de serovigilancia de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación con énfasis en la experiencia en el caso de la tosferina en el área metropolitana de Antioquia (Valle de Aburrá) en el 2015 y el 2016 y analizar lo que dicha experiencia ha aportado y los desafíos que persisten para su sostenibilidad.Materiales y métodos. Se describió el proceso de planeación y el desarrollo de la serovigilancia de tosferina en el momento del parto en ocho hospitales seleccionados al azar, así como la capacidad para adelantar el programa de manera periódica. Se compararon los aportes y los desafíos en el curso de esta experiencia con los de otros programas poblacionales probabilistas e institucionales no probabilistas.Resultados. Se logró la participación de los hospitales y de las madres con pleno respeto del proceso de atención del parto, y se conformó un banco de sueros siguiendo lineamientos éticos y técnicos. El programa permitió estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos en la madre y en el cordón umbilical, lo que se facilitó por la alta cobertura de atención hospitalaria del parto, a un menor costo y menos riesgos que los programas poblacionales en zonas conflictivas. Los principales desafíos para la sostenibilidad del programa son la estabilidad laboral del personal de salud, así como normas y una financiación de largo plazo.Conclusiones. La serovigilancia hospitalaria es una opción para monitorizar el impacto poblacional de la vacunación. Esta experiencia se podría extender a otras regiones en condiciones similares si se resuelven los retos mencionados

Older Adult Patients in the Emergency Department: Which Patients should be Selected for a Different Approach?

Background: While multidimensional and interdisciplinary assessment of older adult patients improves their short-term outcomes after evaluation in the emergency department (ED), this assessment is time-consuming and ill-suited for the busy environment. Thus, identifying patients who will benefit from this strategy is challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to identify older adult patients suitable for a different ED approach as well as independent variables associated with poor short-term clinical outcomes. Methods: We included all patients >= 65 years attending 52 EDs in Spain over 7 days. Sociodemographic, comorbidity, and baseline functional status data were collected. The outcomes were 30 -day mortality, re -presentation, hospital readmission, and the composite of all outcomes. Results: During the study among 96,014 patients evaluated in the ED, we included 23,338 patients >= 65 years-mean age, 78.4 +/- 8.1 years; 12,626 (54.1%) women. During follow-up, 5,776 patients (24.75%) had poor outcomes after evaluation in the ED: 1,140 (4.88%) died, 4,640 (20.51) returned to the ED, and 1,739 (7.69%) were readmitted 30 days after discharge following the index visit. A model including male sex, age >= 75 years, arrival by ambulance, Charlson Comorbidity Index >= 3, and functional impairment had a C -index of 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.82) for 30 -day mortality. Conclusion: Male sex, age >= 75 years, arrival by ambulance, functional impairment, or severe comorbidity are features of patients who could benefit from approaches in the ED different from the common triage to improve the poor short-term outcomes of this population

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Universidad y sociedad: comunicación e integración en empresas e instituciones públicas y organizaciones no lucrativas: innovación y progreso

Depto. de Teorías y Análisis de la ComunicaciónFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónFALSEsubmitte

Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Oncohaematology: Warning Signs, Diagnosis, and Management

Background: Immunodeficiencies (ID), in particular primary immunodeficiencies (PID), are often associated with haematological manifestations, such as peripheral cytopenias or lymphoproliferative syndromes. Early diagnosis and management have significant prognostic implications. Secondary immunodeficiencies (SID) may also be induced by oncohaematological diseases and their treatments. Haematologists and oncologists must therefore be aware of the association between blood disorders and cancer and ID, and be prepared to offer their patients appropriate treatment without delay. Our aim was to define the warning signs of primary and secondary IDs in paediatric and adult patients with oncohaematological manifestations.Methods: A multidisciplinary group of six experts (2 haematologists, 2 immunologists, and 2 paediatricians specializing in ID) conducted a literature review and prepared a document based on agreements reached an in-person meeting. An external group of 44 IDs specialists from all over Spain assessed the document and were consulted regarding their level of agreement.Results: This document identifies the haematological and extra-haematological diseases that should prompt a suspicion of PIDs in adults and children, in both primary care and haematology and oncology departments. Cytopenia and certain lymphoproliferative disorders are key diagnostic pointers. The diagnosis must be based on a detailed clinical history, physical exploration, complete blood count and standard laboratory tests. The immunological and haematological tests included in the diagnostic process will depend on the care level. Patients who are candidates for immunoglobulin replacement therapy must be carefully selected, and treatment should be offered as soon as possible to avoid the development of complications. Finally, this document recommends procedures for monitoring these patients.Conclusions: This document combines scientific evidence with the opinion of a broad panel of experts, and emphasizes the importance of an early diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications. The resulting document is a useful tool for primary care physicians and specialists who see both adult and paediatric patients with oncohaematological diseases

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]