La empresa ética y responsable

Los autores deberán estar en disposición de ceder a Universia Business Review los derechos de publicación de los artículos.Este artículo presenta la ética como una dimensión propia de cualquier actividad humana y, por tanto, también de la actividad empresarial. Toda empresa actúa de modo más o menos ético, de ahí que sea posible diferenciar distintos grados de calidad ética. El artículo distingue cuatro categorías que van desde las empresas éticamente reprobables hasta las empresas éticamente excelentes. A continuación se estudia cuál es la relación que existe entre ética y Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa (RSE), concluyendo que son realidades distintas pero inseparables, de modo que la RSE puede y debe ser juzgada por sus contenidos y también por su calidad ética.Bañón Gomis, AJ.; Guillen Parra, M.; Ramos López, N. (2011). La empresa ética y responsable. Universia Business Review. 30:32-43. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/60819S32433

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Introducción a la Ética Empresarial

En el marco del proyecto de innovación educativa FdE à tica, y en colaboración con la Cátedra de à tica Empresarial IECO-UV, se ofrecen cursos de formación de formadores. En esta primera sesión se realiza una introducción a la à tica y las teorías éticas en general, y a la à tica Empresarial en particular. Producción: Servei de Formació Permanent i Innovació Educativa (http://www.uv.es/sfpie

Role of Cytochrome P450 3A4 and 1A2 Phenotyping in Patients with Advanced Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Erlotinib Treatment

Erlotinib is metabolized by cytochrome p450 (CYP) 3A and CYP1A. This study assessed CYP3A4 (midazolam) and CYP1A2 (caffeine) phenotyping in plasma and dried blood spots (DBS) for predicting the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of erlotinib in 36 patients with advanced NSCLC. On day 1, erlotinib 150 mg OD was initiated, and the two oral probe drugs midazolam (2 mg) and caffeine (100 mg) were added on day 1. Plasma and DBS were collected for erlotinib, OSI-420 and probe drugs for up to 6 hr on day 1 and 2-weekly up to week 10. Probe drugs, erlotinib and OSI-420 were analysed using LC-MS-MS, and PK data were processed using population modelling. A high correlation was found between plasma and DBS concentrations for erlotinib (R2  = 0.960, p < 0.0001), OSI-420 (R2  = 0.971, p < 0.0001), midazolam (R2  = 0.995, p < 0.0001) and caffeine (R2  = 0.968, p < 0.0001). Apparent oral caffeine clearance was significantly correlated with erlotinib clearance (R2  = 0.33, p = 0.048), while midazolam clearance was not (R2  = -0.09, p = 0.596). Erlotinib clearance was lower in patients experiencing grade 2 or 3 rash as compared to patients experiencing grade 0 or 1 rash (3.15 versus 3.93 L/hr, p = 0.086 for Student's t-test). The results suggest that probe drug phenotyping is unlikely to substitute therapeutic drug monitoring of erlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC, but erlotinib PK sampling from DBS may replace more invasive venous sampling and facilitate TDM in patients with cancer

Optimization of cryopreservation of arabian stallion sperm using dimethylformamide, glycerol, and different freezing protocols

This study evaluated the effect of penetrating cryoprotectant agents (CPA) and the cryosurvival of three freezing protocols on the kinematics and integrity of membranes of frozen-thawed stallion sperm. Twenty-four ejaculates of four adult Arabian horses were collected in six weekly sessions (six ejaculates/horse). Each ejaculate was divided into two aliquots. With the first aliquot, three CPA treatments were conformed: 5% glycerol (GLY), 5% dimethylformamide (DMF), and 3%–3% DMF–GLY combination, and the sperm samples were frozen exposing them to liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapors. The second aliquot was diluted with freezing medium plus 5% DMF and the sperm samples were frozen in three freezing protocols: (P1) Styrofoam cryo-box (30 × 29 × 31 cm of length, width, and height, respectively) with two ramps (at 17 and 7 cm above LN2); (P2) freezing unit® (Minitüb, Germany); and (P3) programmable TK 4000-freezer® (Compacta, Brazil). The DMF-GLY combination and DMF yielded higher (p.05) post-thaw SM, VCL, and IPIA than the other protocols. Indeed, the P1 and P3 protocols yielded lower proportion (p<.05) of sperm with damaged plasma and damaged acrosome than the P2 protocol after thawing (3.7±0.18 and 3.1±0.18 vs. 6.1±0.44%, respectively). In conclusion, the addition of DMF or combined with GLY to freezing medium, and the freezing with Styrofoam cryo-box with two ramps increase the cryosurvival of Arabian stallion spermatozoa.Leó

Population pharmacokinetics of sublingually administered tacrolimus in infants and young children with liver transplantation

Aims: Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus after sublingual administration is not characterized in paediatric liver transplant patients. Therefore, we aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of sublingually administered tacrolimus in patients who cannot swallow the capsules due to their age, sedation status and/or mechanical ventilation during the first weeks post-transplantation. Methods: Demographic, clinical and pharmacological variables, including tacrolimus whole blood concentrations obtained from therapeutic drug monitoring and data from dense-sampling pharmacokinetic profiles, were recorded in 26 paediatric patients with biliary atresia who underwent liver transplantation between 2016 and 2021. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with NONMEM v7.4. Results: Disposition of tacrolimus was best characterized by a 2-compartment model with clearance achieving half of the maximum elimination capacity (CLMAX = 4.1 L/h) at 4.6 days post-transplantation (T50). Compared to sedated patients, nonsedated status showed an increased first-order absorption rate constant (1.1 vs. 0.1 h−1) and a 24% reduction in bioavailability (FNS) at 14 days post-transplant. The model was able to explain the oral absorption pattern in nonsedated patients as the result of gut bioavailability (0.9) and hepatic extraction ratio, with the latter being responsible for first-pass effects. Estimates of interindividual variability remained moderate (25.9% for the gut bioavailability) to high (79.8% for the apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment, and 101% for T50). Conclusion: A population pharmacokinetic model of sublingually administered tacrolimus in paediatric patients was developed to characterize different absorption mechanisms. Once the model is externally validated, the effect of post-transplant time on clearance and the sedation status may be considered in routine dosing management.Fil: Riva, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Ibarra, Manuel. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Parra Guillen, Zinnia P.. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Galván, Maria Eugenia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Erika. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Trezeguet Renatti, Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Cáceres Guido, Paulo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Clarisa. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Licciardone, Nieves. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Halac, Esteban Tomas. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Dip, Marcelo Fabian. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Cruz, Alejandro. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Imventarza, Oscar Cesar. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Buamscha, Daniel. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Troconiz, Iñaki F.. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Schaiquevich, Paula Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; Argentin

Correction to: First clinical symptom as a prognostic factor in systemic sclerosis: results of a retrospective nationwide cohort study.

When first published, this article inadvertently listed the RESCLE investigators individually within the author list. The names should instead have been listed within the Acknowledgements section only. The corrected author list and the updated Acknowledgements section are presented in this Correction