31 research outputs found
A clinically oriented computer model for radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tissue with internally cooled wet electrode
Purpose: To improve the computer modelling of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) by internally cooled wet (ICW) electrodes with added clinically oriented features. Methods: An improved RFA computer model by ICW electrode included: (1) a realistic spatial distribution of the infused saline, and (2) different domains to distinguish between healthy tissue, saline-infused tumour, and non-infused tumour, under the assumption that infused saline is retained within the tumour boundary. A realistic saline spatial distribution was obtained from an in vivo pig liver study. The computer results were analysed in terms of impedance evolution and coagulation zone (CZ) size, and were compared to the results of clinical trials conducted on 17 patients with the same ICW electrode. Results: The new features added to the model provided computer results that matched well with the clinical results. No roll-offs occurred during the 4-min ablation. CZ transversal diameter (4.10 ± 0.19 cm) was similar to the computed diameter (4.16 cm). Including the tumour and saline infusion in the model involved (1) a reduction of the initial impedance by 10 â 20 Ω, (2) a delay in roll-off of 20 s and 70 â 100 s, respectively, and (3) 18 â 31% and 22 â 36% larger CZ size, respectively. The saline spatial distribution geometry was also seen to affect roll-off delay and CZ size. Conclusions: Using a three-compartment model and a realistic saline spatial distribution notably improves the match with the outcome of the clinical trials
ValoraciĂłn ambiental de vivienda rural tipo con el mĂ©todo de la eMergĂa
En este trabajo se presentan las principales caracterĂsticas de tres tipos de vivienda rural (considerando sus materiales y su tipologĂa estructural), del municipio de YajalĂłn (Chiapas), y se realiza su valoraciĂłn ambiental, por medio de un anĂĄlisis emergĂ©tico por insumos. Se hicieron 30 visitas de campo, a fin de recabar la informaciĂłn necesaria para llevar a cabo este estudio. AdemĂĄs de esta informaciĂłn, se utilizaron el catĂĄlogo de conceptos de obra, y los gastos de mantenimiento y operaciĂłn para obtener, mediante la eMergĂa, los Ăndices emergĂ©ticos correspondientes y de esta manera determinar la sostenibilidad de estas viviendas
Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots
Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo AlarcĂłn, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, RenĂ© GuillĂ©n Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, FabrĂcio Alvim Carvalho, FlĂĄvio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz AragĂŁo, Ana Claudia AraĂșjo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, FabrĂcio Baccaro, PlĂnio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, JosĂ© LuĂs Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, FlĂĄvia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, JosĂ© Romualdo de Sousa Lima, MĂĄrio do EspĂrito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila LaĂs Farrapo, LetĂcia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. GarcĂa, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, IĂȘda LeĂŁo do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, MaurĂcio Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, SalomĂŁo Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina MĂŒller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de AraĂșjo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo JosĂ© Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, JosĂ© Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael SalomĂŁo, FlĂĄvia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana SimĂŁo Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima CĂ©lia GuimarĂŁes Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure SonkĂ©, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, FidĂšle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Ălvarez-DĂĄvila, Juan Carlos AndrĂ©s Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon CalderĂłn, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando GarcĂa, Alejandro GĂłmez, Roy GonzĂĄlez-M., Ălvaro IdĂĄrraga-PiedrahĂta, Eliana Jimenez, RubĂ©n Jurado, Wilmar LĂłpez Oviedo, RenĂ© LĂłpez-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen PĂ©rez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin RodrĂguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., AgustĂn Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, MarkĂ©ta ChudomelovĂĄ, Martin Dancak, Radim HĂ©dl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene BĂĄez, Carlos CĂ©ron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice BĂ©nĂ©det, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, JerĂŽme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas LabriĂšre, PĂ©trus Naisso, Maxime RĂ©jou-MĂ©chain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, GĂ©raldine Derroire, AurĂ©lie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, FidĂšle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel DurĂĄn Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno HĂ©rault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen ArĂ©valo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt GarcĂa Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego GarcĂa Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, EurĂdice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy NĂșñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, JosĂ© Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio RĂos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Ăñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel MacĂa, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf BĂĄnki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel HernĂĄndez, Rafael Herrera FernĂĄndez, Hirma RamĂrez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
ValoraciĂłn ambiental de vivienda rural tipo con el mĂ©todo de la eMergĂa
En este trabajo se presentan las principales caracterĂsticas de tres tipos de vivienda rural (considerando sus materiales y su tipologĂa estructural), del municipio de YajalĂłn (Chiapas), y se realiza su valoraciĂłn ambiental, por medio de un anĂĄlisis emergĂ©tico por insumos. Se hicieron 30 visitas de campo, a fin de recabar la informaciĂłn necesaria para llevar a cabo este estudio. AdemĂĄs de esta informaciĂłn, se utilizaron el catĂĄlogo de conceptos de obra, y los gastos de mantenimiento y operaciĂłn para obtener, mediante la eMergĂa, los Ăndices emergĂ©ticos correspondientes y de esta manera determinar la sostenibilidad de estas viviendas
HĂĄbitos de amamantamiento del ganado bovino Chinampo (Bos taurus) de MĂ©xico
Objective. To determine the nursing habits of Chinampo calves (Bos taurus) during different stages of lactation. Materials and methods. Twenty cows with their calves were used. The animals were observed from day 30 to 180 of lactation during 24 continuous hours each month, recording the frequency with which the calves nursed and the duration of each nursing. A linear model was used and correlations between age, weight of calves and milk production of cows, with the frequency and duration of nursing have been established. The means were compared by Tukey test. Results. The calves nursed with higher frequency between 06:00 and 07:00; other peaks were observed at 10:00 and at 19:00 hours. The average frequency of nursing in 24 hours was 4.9±0.21 using a total of 66.9±3.1 minutes. The calves of 180 days of age nursed fewer times with respect to those of ages below 150 days; the duration of nursing decreased at 180 days of age (p0.05). Conclusions. The frequency of nursing is higher during the first morning and late afternoon hours. Up until 5 months of age the frequency and time of nursing did not vary, but were reduced at 180 days. The females nursed with more periodicity than the males.Objetivo. Conocer los hĂĄbitos de amamantamiento de becerros Chinampos (Bos taurus) en diferentes etapas de su lactancia. Materiales y mĂ©todos. Se utilizaron 20 vacas con su crĂa. A partir de los 30 hasta los 180 dĂas de la lactancia los animales fueron observados durante 24 horas continuas cada mes registrando la frecuencia con la que los becerros mamaron y la duraciĂłn de cada amamantamiento. Resultados. Los becerros mamaron con mayor frecuencia entre las 06:00 y las 07:00 hr, se observaron otros picos a las 10:00 y a las 19:00 hr. La frecuencia promedio de amamantamiento en 24 horas fue de 4.9±0.21 utilizando un total de 66.9 ± 3.1 minutos. Los becerros de 180 dĂas de edad mamaron menos veces comparados con los de edades inferiores a los 150 dĂas; la duraciĂłn del amamantamiento disminuyĂł a los 180 dĂas de edad (p0.05). Conclusiones. La frecuencia de amamantamientos es mayor durante las primeras horas de la mañana y al final de la tarde. Hasta los 5 meses de edad la frecuencia y el tiempo de amamantamiento no variaron pero se redujeron a los 180 dĂas y las hembras mamaron con mĂĄs periodicidad que los machos
A clinically oriented computer model for radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tissue with internally cooled wet electrode
Purpose: To improve the computer modelling of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) by internally cooled wet (ICW) electrodes with added clinically oriented features. Methods: An improved RFA computer model by ICW electrode included: (1) a realistic spatial distribution of the infused saline, and (2) different domains to distinguish between healthy tissue, saline-infused tumour, and non-infused tumour, under the assumption that infused saline is retained within the tumour boundary. A realistic saline spatial distribution was obtained from an in vivo pig liver study. The computer results were analysed in terms of impedance evolution and coagulation zone (CZ) size, and were compared to the results of clinical trials conducted on 17 patients with the same ICW electrode. Results: The new features added to the model provided computer results that matched well with the clinical results. No roll-offs occurred during the 4-min ablation. CZ transversal diameter (4.10 ± 0.19 cm) was similar to the computed diameter (4.16 cm). Including the tumour and saline infusion in the model involved (1) a reduction of the initial impedance by 10 â 20 Ω, (2) a delay in roll-off of 20 s and 70 â 100 s, respectively, and (3) 18 â 31% and 22 â 36% larger CZ size, respectively. The saline spatial distribution geometry was also seen to affect roll-off delay and CZ size. Conclusions: Using a three-compartment model and a realistic saline spatial distribution notably improves the match with the outcome of the clinical trials