Low-molecular-weight components of olive oil mill wastewaters

A new lignan 1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[ 3.3.0]octane, the secoiridoid 2H-pyran-4-acetic acid,3-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-2- methyl-, methyl ester, the phenylglycoside 4-[β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β -D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-dihydroxy-2- methoxybenzene and the lactone 3-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-propenyl] δ -glutarolactone were isolated and identified on the basis of spectroscopic data including two-dimensional NMR, as components of olive oil mill waste-waters. The known aromatic compounds catechol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxy- 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)phenylethanol, 2-(3,4-dihydroxy)phenyl-1,2-ethandiol, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, 1-O-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy)phenylethyl]-(3,4-dihydroxy)phenyl-1,2-ethandiol, 1-O-[2-(4- hydroxy)phenylethyl]-(3,4-dihydroxy)phenyl-1,2-ethandiol, D(+)-erythro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-1,2,3- propantriol, p-hydroxyphenethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol 3β-D-glucopyranoside, and 2(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol 4β-D-glucopyranoside were also confirmed as constituents of the waste-waters

“Hideous things have happened here”: Rape myths, rape culture, and healing in adolescent literature

Adolescent novels about rape are one way to discuss rape and rape culture with a young audience. These novels can depict and challenge aspects of rape culture, including the myths that ultimately reinforce a culture hostile to rape victims. Considering the prevalence of rape in society at large, as well as its prevalence among adolescents, this thesis examines the elements of rape culture at play within adolescent rape novels, which can serve as pieces of activism as they give voice to adolescent survivors of rape. Adolescent rape novels explore the internal struggles of survivors as well as the external process of reporting their assault and the affect the rape has on their life and the relationships they have with families, friends, and peers. Adolescent rape novels challenge rape culture while also including defining traits that also reinforce contemporary rape culture in an adolescent landscape. These novels, in tandem with nonfiction adolescent works about rape culture, can lend a hand in connecting readers with contemporary movements that speak out against sexual violence and rape, such as the #MeToo movement. This allows adolescents a way to truly understand the impact of rape culture and find ways they can bring an awareness to and ultimately work against rape culture as they become adults in contemporary society

Unusual products of the aqueous chlorination of atenolol

The reaction of the drug atenolol with hypochlorite under conditions that simulate wastewater disinfection was investigated. The pharmaceutical reacted in 1 h yielding three products that were separated by chromatographic techniques and characterized by spectroscopic features. Two unusual products 2-(4-(3-(chloro(2-chloropropan- 2-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy) phenyl) acetamide and 2-(4- (3-formamido- 2-hydroxypropoxy) phenyl) acetamide were obtained along with 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide. When the reaction was stopped at shorter times only 2-(4-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxy) phenyl) acetamide and the dichlorinated product were detected. Tests performed on the seeds of Lactuca sativa show that chlorinated products have phytotoxic activity

Novel sulfur and selenium containing bis-α-amino acids from 4-hydroxyproline

The synthesis of new substituted prolines carrying at C-4 a second α-amino acid residue is reported. The amino acid, l-cysteine or l-selenocysteine, is linked to the proline ring through the sulfur or the selenium atom, respectively. The products were prepared with different stereochemistry at C-4, in few and clean high-yielding steps, with suitable protections for solid phase applications. The introduction of both sulfur and selenium atoms at C-4 of the proline ring seems to enhance significantly the cis geometry at the prolyl amide bond

16th RAI Film Festival 2019 | Bristol (UK), 27-30 March 2019

Review of the 16th RAI Film Festival 2019 | Bristol (UK), 27-30 March 2019.Recensione del 16th RAI Film Festival 2019 | Bristol (UK), 27-30 March 2019

Tamara Kotevska, Ljubomir Stefanov, Honeyland, North Macedonia, 2019, 87’

Review of Tamara Kotevska, Ljubomir Stefanov, Honeyland, North Macedonia, 2019, 87’.Recensione di Tamara Kotevska, Ljubomir Stefanov, Honeyland, North Macedonia, 2019, 87’

Apteniols A-F, oxyneolignans from the leaves of Aptenia cordifolia.

Abstract—Investigation of the organic extract of Aptenia cordifolia leaves revealed six new oxyneolignans named apteniols A–F. The structures were determined by means of spectroscopic methods. The C6C3 units are linked by an oxygen atom at C4–C40 or C4–C20 and they are dihydrophenylpropanoid acid units. Their effects on germination and growth of Lactuca sativa L. have been studied in the range concentration 10K4–10K7 M

El historiador-científico y/ o el historiador-escritor: límites y transgresiones de la tarea cognitivo-literaria de escribir la historia

La pregunta acerca del estatus epistémico de la narración histórica ha sido formulada de manera tal que el espectro de respuestas posibles se reduce al delimitado por una alternativa excluyente; o bien la narración histórica es valorada positivamente como un discurso "científico", o bien es menospreciada como una rama de la literatura. En este contexto, pensar en apelar a la teoría literaria como recurso relevante para elaborar una teoría de la historia genera desconfianza, dado que se asume que tal asociación no puede sino redundar en una mirada debilitadora de la tarea del historiador