685 research outputs found
VMĂ â A new strategic transport model for Austria
For the preparation of a new traffic forecast for several time horizons up to the year 2040 and beyond (Verkehrsprognose Ăsterreich, VPĂ 2040+) an up-to-date transport model is necessary. Currently this new national transport model Austria (Verkehrsmodell Ăsterreich, VMĂ) is developed.
The passenger model will be disaggregated tour-based model with 5 basic steps and some extensions for special applications, like for instance tourist traffic. The number of zones will be approximately 6000. In the model a special focus is on incorporating recent trends in mode choice like âpark and rideâ and other multimodal chains. The freight part of the model will be an Aggregated - Disaggregated - Aggregated (ADA) model with three steps: (1) the results of an input-output-model are transformed into firm-to-firm flows, (2) the choice of shipment size and transport chain is modelled and (3) the OD relations are aggregated for the individual modes and assignment to the networks.
For individual transport with passenger cars and road freight, a quasi-dynamic road transport assignment will be developed. Public transport assignment is based on timetables. For the forecasts of travel demand for future years a pivot-point approach (with the changes) on the base matrices will be applied
Arabidopsis SABRE and CLASP interact to stabilize cell division plane orientation and planar polarity
The orientation of cell division and the coordination of cell polarity within the plane of the tissue layer (planar polarity) contribute to shape diverse multicellular organisms. The root of Arabidopsis thaliana displays regularly oriented cell divisions, cell elongation and planar polarity providing a plant model system to study these processes. Here we report that the SABRE protein, which shares similarity with proteins of unknown function throughout eukaryotes, has important roles in orienting cell division and planar polarity. SABRE localizes at the plasma membrane, endomembranes, mitotic spindle and cell plate. SABRE stabilizes the orientation of CLASP-labelled preprophase band microtubules predicting the cell division plane, and of cortical microtubules driving cell elongation. During planar polarity establishment, sabre is epistatic to clasp at directing polar membrane domains of Rho-of-plant GTPases. Our findings mechanistically link SABRE to CLASP-dependent microtubule organization, shedding new light on the function of SABRE-related proteins in eukaryotes
a prospective âbefore/afterâ cohort study
Objectives Antibiotic resistance has risen dramatically over the past years.
For individual patients, adequate initial antibiotic therapy is essential for
clinical outcome. Computer-assisted decision support systems (CDSSs) are
advocated to support implementation of rational anti-infective treatment
strategies based on guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-
term effects after implementation of a CDSS. Design This prospective
âbefore/afterâ cohort study was conducted over four observation periods within
5â
years. One preinterventional period (pre) was compared with three
postinterventional periods: directly after intensive implementation efforts
(post1), 2â
years (post2) and 3â
years (post3) after implementation. Setting
Five anaesthesiological-managed intensive care units (ICU) (one
cardiosurgical, one neurosurgical, two interdisciplinary and one intermediate
care) at a university hospital. Participants Adult patients with an ICU stay
of >48â
h were included in the analysis. 1316 patients were included in the
analysis for a total of 12â
965 ICU days. Intervention Implementation of a
CDSS. Outcome measures The primary end point was percentage of days with
guideline adherence during ICU treatment. Secondary end points were
antibiotic-free days and all-cause mortality compared for patients with low
versus high guideline adherence. Main results Adherence to guidelines
increased from 61% prior to implementation to 92% in post1, decreased in post2
to 76% and remained significantly higher compared with baseline in post3, with
71% (p=0.178). Additionally, antibiotic-free days increased over study
periods. At all time periods, mortality for patients with low guideline
adherence was higher with 12.3% versus 8% (p=0.014) and an adjusted OR of 1.56
(95% CI 1.05 to 2.31). Conclusions Implementation of computerised regional
adapted guidelines for antibiotic therapy is paralleled with improved
adherence. Even without further measures, adherence stayed high for a longer
period and was paralleled by reduced antibiotic exposure. Improved guideline
adherence was associated with reduced ICU mortality
A new method for detection of induced mutations in wheat
Contains fulltext :
141188.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access
Factors associated with shunt dynamic in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale: an observational cohort study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As previously reported there is evidence for a reduction in right to left shunt (RLS) in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO). This occurs predominantly in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS). We therefore analysed factors associated with a shunt reduction on follow-up in stroke patients suffering of CS.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>On index event PFO and RLS were proven by transesophageal echocardiography and contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler-sonography (ce-TCD). Silent PE was proved by ventilation perfusion scintigraphy (V/Q) within the stroke work-up on index event; all scans were re-evaluated in a blinded manner by two experts. The RLS was re-assessed on follow-up by ce-TCD. A reduction in shunt volume was defined as a difference of â„20 microembolic signals (MES) or the lack of evidence of RLS on follow-up. For subsequent analyses patients with CS were considered; parameters such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and silent pulmonary embolism (PE) were analysed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In 39 PFO patients suffering of a CS the RLS was re-assessed on follow-up. In all patients (n = 39) with CS a V/Q was performed; the median age was 40 years, 24 (61.5%) patients were female. In 27 patients a reduction in RLS was evident. Silent PE was evident in 18/39 patients (46.2%). Factors such as atrial septum aneurysm, DVT or even silent PE were not associated with RLS dynamics. A greater time delay from index event to follow-up assessment was associated with a decrease in shunt volume (median 12 vs. 6 months, <it>p </it>= 0.013).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In patients with CS a reduction in RLS is not associated with the presence of a venous embolic event such as DVT or silent PE. A greater time delay between the initial and the follow-up investigation increases the likelihood for the detection of a reduction in RLS.</p
Primary cerebral alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in adult
Primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcomas are very rare and malignant tumors that occur predominantly in the posterior fossa of pediatric patients. We report a rare case of primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma located in the supratentorial compartment of a 51 year-old woman together with a review of the pertinent Literature especially regarding the histological diagnosis and pitfalls
Operations of and Future Plans for the Pierre Auger Observatory
Technical reports on operations and features of the Pierre Auger Observatory,
including ongoing and planned enhancements and the status of the future
northern hemisphere portion of the Observatory. Contributions to the 31st
International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009.Comment: Contributions to the 31st ICRC, Lodz, Poland, July 200
The Pierre Auger Observatory III: Other Astrophysical Observations
Astrophysical observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the Pierre
Auger ObservatoryComment: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference,
Beijing, China, August 201
Measurement of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers above 10^18 eV
We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, Xmax, of the
longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost four
thousand events above 10^18 eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the
Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector
station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to
evolve with energy at a rate of (106 +35/-21) g/cm^2/decade below 10^(18.24 +/-
0.05) eV and (24 +/- 3) g/cm^2/decade above this energy. The measured
shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm^2. The
interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is
briefly discussed.Comment: Accepted for publication by PR
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