Delay Management with Integrated Decisions on the Vehicle Circulations

The task of delay management in public transport is to decide whether a vehicle should wait for a delayed vehicle in order to maintain the connection for transferring passengers. So far, the vehicle circulations are often ignored in the optimization process, although they have an influence on the propagation of the delay through the network. In this paper we consider different ways from literature to incorporate vehicle circulations in the delay management stage of public transport planning. Since the IP formulation for the integrated problem is hard to solve, we investigate bounds and develop several heuristics for the integrated problem. Our experiments on close-to real-world instances show that integrating delay management and decisions on vehicle circulations may reduce the overall delay by up to 39 percent. We also compare the runtimes and objective function values of the different heuristics. We conclude that we can find competitive solutions in a reasonable amount of time

Suppression of nematicity by tensile strain in multilayer FeSe/SrTiO3_3 films

The nematicity in multilayer FeSe/SrTiO$_3$ films has been previously suggested to be enhanced with decreasing film thickness. Motivated by this, there have been many discussions about the competing relation between nematicity and superconductivity. However, the criterion for determining the nematicity strength in FeSe remains highly debated. The understanding of nematicity and its relation to superconductivity in FeSe films is therefore still controversial. Here, we fabricate multilayer FeSe/SrTiO$_3$ films using molecular beam epitaxy and study the nematic properties by combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. We unambiguously demonstrate that, near the interface, the nematicity is suppressed by the SrTiO$_3$-induced tensile strain; in the bulk region further away from the interface, the strength of nematicity recovers to the bulk value. Our results not only solve the controversy about the nematicity in multilayer FeSe films, but also offer valuable insights into the relationship between nematicity and superconductivity.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figure

Suppression of nematicity by tensile strain in multilayer FeSe/SrTiO3 films

The nematicity in multilayer FeSe/SrTiO3 films has been previously suggested to be enhanced with decreasing film thickness. Motivated by this, there have been many discussions about the competing relation between nematicity and superconductivity. However, the criterion for determining the nematicity strength in FeSe remains highly debated. The understanding of nematicity as well as its relation to superconductivity in FeSe films is therefore still controversial. Here, we fabricate multilayer FeSe/SrTiO3 films using molecular beam epitaxy and study the nematic properties by combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Se77 nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. We unambiguously demonstrate that, near the interface, the nematic order is suppressed by the SrTiO3-induced tensile strain; in the bulk region further away from the interface, the strength of nematicity recovers to the bulk value. Our results not only solve the recent controversy about the nematicity in multilayer FeSe films, but also offer valuable insights into the relationship between nematicity and superconductivity

Scalable on-chip quantum state tomography

Quantum information systems are on a path to vastly exceed the complexity of any classical device. The number of entangled qubits in quantum devices is rapidly increasing, and the information required to fully describe these systems scales exponentially with qubit number. This scaling is the key benefit of quantum systems, however it also presents a severe challenge. To characterize such systems typically requires an exponentially long sequence of different measurements, becoming highly resource demanding for large numbers of qubits. Here we propose and demonstrate a novel and scalable method for characterizing quantum systems based on expanding a multi-photon state to larger dimensionality. We establish that the complexity of this new measurement technique only scales linearly with the number of qubits, while providing a tomographically complete set of data without a need for reconfigurability. We experimentally demonstrate an integrated photonic chip capable of measuring two- and three-photon quantum states with statistical reconstruction fidelity of 99.71%. npj Quantum Information (2018) 4:19 ; doi:10.1038/s41534-018-0063-We acknowledge support by the Australian Research Council (ARC) (DP130100135, DP160100619 and DE180100070); Erasmus Mundus (NANOPHI 2013 5659/002-001); Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Australia-Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme of Universities Australia; German Academic Exchange Service (project 57376641), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grants SZ 276/12-1 and BL 574/13-1)

All's well that begins Wells: Celebrating 60 years of Animal Behaviour and 36 years of research on anuran social behaviour

The scientific study of frogs and toads as important systems in behavioural ecology traces its roots to an influential review published in this journal 36 years ago (Wells 1977a, ‘The social behaviour of anuran amphibians’, Animal Behaviour, 25, 666–693). In just 28 pages, Wells summarized the state of knowledge on important behaviours associated with anuran breeding and introduced an evolutionary framework ‘for understanding the relationship between social behaviour and ecology’ (page 666) that was largely lacking in earlier treatments of this group. Not only is Wells's review one of the most cited papers ever published in Animal Behaviour, it is also responsible for setting broad research agendas and shaping much of our current thinking on social behaviour in an entire order of vertebrates. As such, it is entirely appropriate that we honour Wells's review and its contributions to the study of animal behaviour in this inaugural essay celebrating 12 papers selected by the community as the most influential papers published in the 60-year history of Animal Behaviour. In our essay, we place Wells's review in historical context at the dawn of behavioural ecology, highlight the field's progress in answering some major research questions outlined in the review, and provide our own prospectus for future research on the social behaviour of anuran amphibians. Highlights ► This essay celebrates Kent Wells's (1977, Animal Behaviour, 25, 666–693) paper, ‘The social behaviour of anuran amphibians’. ► We place the article in historical context and outline its major contributions. ► We discuss progress on anuran social behaviour since its publication in 1977. ► We provide our own prospectus on the future of anuran behavioural ecology

Male Responses to Conspecific Advertisement Signals in the Field Cricket Gryllus rubens (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

In many species males aggregate and produce long-range advertisement signals to attract conspecific females. The majority of the receivers of these signals are probably other males most of the time, and male responses to competitors' signals can structure the spatial and temporal organization of the breeding aggregation and affect male mating tactics. I quantified male responses to a conspecific advertisement stimulus repeatedly over three age classes in Gryllus rubens (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in order to estimate the type and frequency of male responses to the broadcast stimulus and to determine the factors affecting them. Factors tested included body size, wing dimorphism, age, and intensity of the broadcast stimulus. Overall, males employed acoustic response more often than positive phonotactic response. As males aged, the frequency of positive phonotactic response decreased but that of the acoustic response increased. That is, males may use positive phonotaxis in the early stages of their adult lives, possibly to find suitable calling sites or parasitize calling males, and then later in life switch to acoustic responses in response to conspecific advertisement signals. Males with smaller body size more frequently exhibited acoustic responses. This study suggests that individual variation, more than any factors measured, is critical for age-dependent male responses to conspecific advertisement signals

Der Geologische Dienst in Sachsen: Festband zum Jubiläum 150 Jahre Landesgeologie

Der Geologische Dienst von Sachsen feiert im Jahr 2022 sein 150-jähriges Jubiläum – am 6. April 1872 wurde die Geologische Landesuntersuchung im Königreich Sachsen gegründet. Auf 153 Seiten der Reihe „Geoprofil“ werden Einblicke in die Arbeit des Geologischen Dienstes im LfULG, seinen Aufgaben und die Dienste als zuständige Fachbehörde gegeben. Die elf Einzelbeiträge zeigen die aktuellen Herausforderungen und Chancen, die sich aus den Themenbereichen Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie für Sachsen stellen. Im Einzelnen geht es in den Beiträgen um die sächsische Rohstoffstrategie, die Suche nach einem Endlagerstandort für radioaktive Abfälle, Erdwärme, Hydrogeologie, die Eisenbahn Neubaustrecke Dresden – Prag, Naturgefahren, das geowissenschaftliche Archiv, Träger öffentlicher Belange (TöB), Geoparks und einen Blick in die 150 jährige Geschichte. Redaktionsschluss: 30.11.202

Bone Material Properties in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta entrains changes at every level in bone tissue, from the disorganisation of the collagen molecules and mineral platelets within and between collagen fibrils, to the macro-architecture of the whole skeleton. Investigations using an array of sophisticated instruments at multiple scale levels have now determined many aspects of the effect of the disease on the material properties of bone tissue. The brittle nature of bone in osteogenesis imperfecta reflects both increased bone mineralisation density – the quantity of mineral in relation to the quantity of matrix within a specific bone volume – and altered matrix-matrix and matrix mineral interactions. Contributions to fracture resistance at multiple scale lengths are discussed, comparing normal and brittle bone. Integrating the available information provides both a better understanding of the effect of current approaches to treatment – largely improved architecture and possibly some macro-scale toughening - and indicates potential opportunities for alternative strategies that can influence fracture resistance at longer length scales

Interleukin-6 -174 G/C Genpolymorphismus, Früharteriosklerose und Koronare Herzkrankheit bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2

Erhöhte CRP-Spiegel sind mit einem erhöhten Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse assoziiert. Die CRP-Bildung steht unter Kontrolle von Interleukin-6. Der IL-6-174G/C Polymorphismus ist mit unterschiedlichen IL-6-Expressionen assoziiert. Bei 191 Typ 2 Diabetikern wurden endotheliale Funktion (EF) und Intima-Media-Dicke (IMT) bestimmt. Bei diesen und 222 Typ 2 Diabetikern mit bekanntem Herzkatheterbefund wurde der Polymorphismus mittels Restriktionsfragmentlängen-Analyse bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Schlechtere EF der CC-Patienten ohne Statin-Therapie, jedoch nicht im Gesamtkollektiv. IMT der CC- ist größer als die der GG-Gruppe. Es findet sich kein Einfluss auf das Vorhandensein einer KHK, jedoch sind höhergradige 3-Gefäßerkrankung bei Patienten mit C-Allel häufiger. Die Ergebnisse sind vereinbar mit der Hypothese, dass bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 das C-Allel des IL-6-174G/C-Polymorphismus eine proatherosklerotische Rolle spielt. Durch Statine lässt sich dieser Einfluss eventuell beeinflussen