Portuguese culture and legal consciousness: a discussion of immigrant women’s perceptions of and reactions to domestic violence

This article uses legal consciousness to discuss the influence of Portuguese culture on women’s perceptions of and reactions to domestic violence. It is based on an in-depth small-scale study of Portuguese women living in England, and proposes that culture is central in shaping their behaviour, regardless of whether they experienced violence or not. The cultural characteristics that influence women the most are analysed here under the themes of ‘familism’, ‘shame and community pressure’, and ‘acculturation’. These do not operate all at the same level and their influence can change according to structural and individual circumstances. As such, the article suggests that immigrant women’s perceptions of and reactions to domestic violence can only be fully understood by articulating national culture with other structural and individual variables; this will enable a multi-layered and situated understanding of women’s legality that avoids a simplistic attribution of their behaviour to national or ethnic provenance

Prevention of recurrent herpes labialis outbreaks through low-intensity laser therapy: a clinical protocol with 3-year follow-up

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desnsenvolvimento Tecnologico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desnsenvolvimento Tecnologico (CNPq) [305574/2008-6

Benthic fluxes and nitrate reduction activity in a marine park (Northern San Jorge Gulf) from Patagonia Argentina

The Northern San Jorge Gulf (NSJG) was declared Coastal Marine Park in 2008 with the goal of preserving its biodiversity. In situ benthic fluxes experiments were performed using an opaque chamber in Sara Creek (SC) and Malaspina Creek (MC). Moreover, ex situ nitrate reduction activity was assessed using a continuous flow-through system. Benthic fluxes in MC, showed a consumption of oxygen (794 ± 196 mg m−2 h−1) and nitrate (103 ± 68 µmol m−2 h−1) by sediment and release of ammonium (175 ± 60 µmol m−2 h−1), phosphate (66 ± 10 µmol m−2 h−1) and silicate (116 ± 66 µmol m−2 h−1) towards the water column. In SC, the same pattern was observed and the fluxes values were 375 ± 132, 128 ± 1, 76 ± 12, 39 ± 24 and 133 ± 81, respectively. Only, ammonium and oxygen fluxes showed significant differences between sites, due to the highest organic matter content and the particular hydrodynamic conditions in MC. These are the first benthic flux measurements made within the protected area. Nitrate uptake rate, based on Michaelis–Menten kinetic, was Km: 155.3 µM and Vmax: 0.053 µM g−1 h−1 in SC and Km: 131.2 µM and Vmax: 0.039 µM g−1 h−1 in MC. Considering the nitrate dynamic we concluded that the sediments both SC and MC act as a sink of nitrate. This ion could be principally used as a terminal electron acceptor during the oxidation process of organic compounds in sediments of NSJG.Fil: Torres, Américo Iadran. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Faleschini, Mauricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Esteves, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentin