205 research outputs found
Análisis estadístico de la interacción entre la luminosidad, el estado de la superficie del pavimento y los factores atmosféricos en los accidentes de circulación vial en la provincia de A Coruña
Estas V Jornadas tuvieron lugar en Oviedo, del 16 al 19 de octubre de 2001
La Cumbre de Lisboa: una agenda para el desarrollo y la seguridad de África
La Cumbre entre África y Europa del próximo mes de diciembre ofrece la oportunidad de abordar algunos de los retos principales del desarrollo africano.
La Cumbre de Lisboa reunirá por primera vez en siete años a los líderes de África y Europa. Se trata de una ocasión única para impulsar algunos de los asuntos que más interesan a los centenares de millones de personas que viven en la pobreza en esta región. Sin embargo, el escaso interés de Europa presagia una reunión de mínimos
Activities of ABT-773 against Listeria monocytogenes and coryneform bacteria of clinical interest
The in vitro activities of ABT-773 were evaluated against 15 Listeria monocytogenes strains and 196 coryneform bacteria isolated from clinical samples. One hundred percent of the L. monocytogenes strains were inhibited by ≤0.015 μg of ABT-773/ml. MICs of ABT-773 (μg/ml) at which 50% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC50s) and MIC90s for other organisms were 0.125 and 0.5 (Corynebacterium amycolatum), 1 and >32 (Corynebacterium jeikeium), 0.03 and >32 (Corynebacterium minutissimum), >32 and >32 (Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum and Corynebacterium urealyticum), 0.125 and >32 (Corynebacterium striatum), and 0.03 and 0.5 (Rhodococcus equi), respectively
The “Alluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum”, a new subterranean habitat
Received: April 5, 2013; Accepted: August 23, 2013; Published: October 4, 2013In this paper we describe a new type of subterranean habitat associated with dry watercourses in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula, the “Alluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum” (alluvial MSS). Historical observations and data from field sampling specially designed to study MSS fauna in the streambeds of temporary watercourses support the description of this new habitat. To conduct the sampling, 16 subterranean sampling devices were placed in a region of Eastern Spain. The traps were operated for 12 months and temperature and relative humidity data were recorded to characterise the habitat. A large number of species was captured, many of which belonged to the arthropod group, with marked hygrophilous, geophilic, lucifugous and mesothermal habits. In addition, there was also a substantial number of species showing markedly ripicolous traits. The results confirm that the network of spaces which forms in alluvial deposits of temporary watercourses merits the category of habitat, and here we propose the name of “alluvial MSS”. The “alluvial MSS” may be covered or not by a layer of soil, is extremely damp, provides a buffer against above ground temperatures and is aphotic. In addition, compared to other types of MSS, it is a very unstable habitat. It is possible that the “alluvial MSS” may be found in other areas of the world with strongly seasonal climatic regimes, and could play an important role as a biogeographic corridor and as a refuge from climatic changes.The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funded this research project (CGL2010-19924) and the Ministry of Education and Science programme "Juan de la Cierva". This research Project (CGL2010-19924) was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.The Ministry of Education and Science programme "Juan de la Cierva" funded the research activity of one of the authors (A. J-V.).Peer reviewe
Novel Papillomaviruses in Free-Ranging Iberian Bats: No Virus–Host Co-evolution, No Strict Host Specificity, and Hints for Recombination
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are widespread pathogens. However, the extent of PV infections in bats remains largely unknown. This work represents the first comprehensive study of PVs in Iberian bats. We identified four novel PVs in the mucosa of free-ranging Eptesicus serotinus (EserPV1, EserPV2, and EserPV3) and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (RferPV1) individuals and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships within the viral family. We further assessed their prevalence in different populations of E. serotinus and its close relative E. isabellinus. Although it is frequent to read that PVs co-evolve with their host, that PVs are highly species-specific, and that PVs do not usually recombine, our results suggest otherwise. First, strict virus-host co-evolution is rejected by the existence of five, distantly related bat PV lineages and by the lack of congruence between bats and bat PVs phylogenies. Second, the ability of EserPV2 and EserPV3 to infect two different bat species (E. serotinus and E. isabellinus) argues against strict host specificity. Finally, the description of a second noncoding region in the RferPV1 genome reinforces the view of an increased susceptibility to recombination in the E2-L2 genomic region. These findings prompt the question of whether the prevailing paradigms regarding PVs evolution should be reconsidered
Mating strategy is determinant of adenovirus prevalence in European bats
Adenoviruses are double-strained DNA viruses found in a great number of vertebrates, including humans. In order to understand their transmission dynamics, it is crucial, even from a human health perspective, to investigate how host traits influence their prevalence. Bats are important reservoirs for adenoviruses, and here we use the results of recent screenings in Western Europe to evaluate the association between characteristic traits of bat species and their probability of hosting adenoviruses, taking into account their phylogenetic relationships. Across species, we found an important phylogenetic component in the presence of adenoviruses and mating strategy as the most determinant factor conditioning the prevalence of adenoviruses across bat species. Contrary to other more stable mating strategies (e.g. harems), swarming could hinder transmission of adenoviruses since this strategy implies that contacts between individuals are too short. Alternatively, bat species with more promiscuous behavior may develop a stronger immune system. Outstandingly high prevalence of adenoviruses was reported for the Iberian species Pipistrellus pygmaeus, P. kuhlii and Nyctalus lasiopterus and we found that in the latter, males were more likely to be infected by adenoviruses than females, due to the immunosuppressing consequence of testosterone during the mating season. As a general trend across species, we found that the number of adenoviruses positive individuals was different across localities and that the difference in prevalence between populations was correlated with their geographic distances for two of the three studied bat species (P. pygmaeus and P.kuhlii). These results increase our knowledge about the transmission mechanisms of adenoviruses.This work received support from: grant number: SAF2006-12784-C02/01-02 to JE, JJ, IC; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=beebec05f2a7d210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD; grant numbers: SAF2009-09172 to JE, JJ; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=fe5aec1eb658c310VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD; grant numbers: SAF2013-47194-P to JE, JJ, GP, OP; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=0b7f11a1c35d0610VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD; grant numbers: SAF2017-89355-P to JE, JJ, GP, OP, JB; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=abf192b9036c2210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD; grant numbers: PI15CIII/00028 to IC, MMIC; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.S
Effectiveness of institutional policies to prevent adolescent alcohol use: The view of experts and adolescents
Objetivo:
Conocer
la
opinión
de
un
grupo
de
adolescentes
y
profesionales/expertos
en
adoles-
cencia,
familia,
escuela,
medios
de
comunicación
y
políticas
locales
acerca
de
la
eficacia
de
las
políticas
institucionales
en
la
prevención
del
consumo
de
alcohol
en
adolescentes.
Emplazamiento:
Cuatro
centros
educativos
de
la
provincia
de
Sevilla.
Sede
central
de
la
Fun-
dación
Alcohol
y
Sociedad
en
Madrid.
Dise
¿
no:
Estudio
cualitativo
siguiendo
el
método
propuesto
por
la
Teoría
fundamentada
(Groun-
ded
theory)
(Glaser
y
Strauss,
1967).
Método:
Información
obtenida
a
partir
de
10
grupos
de
discusión
guiados
por
entrevistas
semi-
estructuradas.
Análisis
de
la
información
mediante
Atlas
ti
5.
Participantes:
Treinta
y
dos
profesionales/expertos
nacionales
y
40
adolescentes
de
ambos
sexos
entre
15-20
a
¿
nos
residentes
en
la
provincia
de
Sevilla,
seleccionados
por
muestreo
inten-
cional
teórico.
Resultados:
Los
expertos
consideran
eficaces
la
mayoría
de
las
acciones
o
medidas
preventivas
evaluadas
mientras
que
los
adolescentes
niegan
el
impacto
preventivo
de
la
mayor
parte
de
ellas.
Los
adolescentes
proponen
medidas
centradas
en
la
reducción
de
la
oferta
de
alcohol,
mientras
que
los
expertos
proponen
un
modelo
mixto,
en
el
que
se
combinen
políticas
de
reducción
de
la
oferta
y
de
la
demanda,
en
función
de
objetivos
específicos
a
corto
y
largo
plazo.
Conclusiones:
Se
ha
obtenido
una
visión
general
sobre
aquello
que
según
adolescentes
y
exper-
tos
es
eficaz
o
ineficaz
en
la
prevención
del
consumo
de
alcohol,
y
acerca
de
las
claves
que
se
deberían
tener
en
cuenta
para
dise
¿
nar
políticas
eficaces.Objective:
The
objective
of
this
study
is
to
obtain
the
views
of
a
sample
of
adolescents
and
experts
on
adolescence,
family,
school,
local
policies
and
media,
regarding
the
effectiveness
of
institutional
policies
to
prevent
adolescent
alcohol
use.
Setting:
Four
educational
centers
in
the
province
of
Seville.
Head
office
of
the
Alcohol
and
Society
Foundation
in
Madrid.
Design:
Qualitative
study
using
the
method
proposed
by
Grounded
theory
(Glaser
and
Strauss,
1967).
Methodology:
Data
were
collected
from
10
discussion
groups
guided
by
semistructured
inter-
views.
The
data
were
analyzed
using
Atlas
ti
5
software.
Participants:
A
total
of
32
national
experts
and
40
adolescents
of
both
sexes
aged
15
to
20
years
living
in
the
province
of
Seville,
selected
by
theoretical
intentional
sampling.
Results:
The
experts
believed
that
most
of
the
evaluated
preventive
actions
were
effective,
while
adolescents
disputed
the
preventive
impact
of
most
of
them.
Adolescents
proposed
actions
focused
on
the
reduction
of
supply
of
alcohol.
Experts
proposed
a
mixed
model
as
the
most
effective
strategy
to
prevent
alcohol
consumption
in
adolescents,
combining
supply
and
demand
reduction
policies,
depending
on
specific
short
and
long
term
objectives.
Conclusions:
We
have
obtained,
not
only
an
overview
of
what
is
working
(or
not)
from
the
view
of
adolescents
and
experts,
but
also
the
key
points
that
should
be
taken
into
account
for
designing
effective
prevention
policies.Departamento de Educación y Psicología SocialFacultad de Psicología, Campus Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MéxicoSchool of Psychology, Faculty of Business and Society, University of Glamorgan, South Wales, Reino UnidoPostprin
The Caldera. No. 17
Además de recoger, a través de imágenes y de palabras, las experiencias y vivencias que logramos a raíz del homenaje que se rindió a nuestro idioma, a partir de las distintas actividades realizadas por el área de Lengua Castellana, en el mes de Abril, esta edición de “La Caldera”, se centra, en especial, en la mujer y en el amor, vistos, abordados desde la literatura. De esta manera, nuestros jóvenes de undécimo grado se aproximan, desde la modalidad del ensayo, a hacer un análisis serio y riguroso de temas intemporales como el amor y el rol de la mujer, llegando a sus propias conclusiones; aquí, lo más importante es el acercamiento que se logra a la lectura, al análisis de obras consideradas como clásicos de la literatura universal y a la construcción de una serie de argumentos en torno a un trabajo de sustentación, de de nuestros jóvenes educandos.Es tiempo para la paz, el lenguaje es un buen comienzo. Abril: Mes del Idioma. “Celebremos la palabra”; Por: Gisela Afanador Díaz…04
Expresiones caldistas: El amor y la mujer (Desde la literatura) …08
#PazSinCaracteres. Encuentro de líderes estudiantiles; Por: María Paula Gómez Silvestre y Paula…24
Proyecto Ambiental OIKOS…26
Galería de Imágenes…28In addition to collecting, through images and words, the experiences that we achieved as a result of the tribute that was paid to our language, from the different activities carried out by the Spanish Language area, in the month of April, this edition of "La Caldera", focuses, especially, on women and love, seen, approached from literature. In this way, our eleventh grade youths approach, from the essay modality, to make a serious and rigorous analysis of timeless themes such as love and the role of women, reaching their own conclusions; Here, the most important thing is the approach that is achieved to reading, to the analysis of works considered as classics of universal literature and to the construction of a series of arguments around a support work, of our young students
Nutrición enteral domiciliaria en España: registro Nadya del año 2011-2012
Objective: To describe the results of the home enteral
nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group in
2011 and 2012.
Material and methods: We retrieved the data of the patients
recorded from January 1st 2011 to December 31st 2012.
Results: There were 3021 patients in the registry
during the period from 29 hospitals, which gives 65.39 per
million inhabitants. 97.95% were adults, 51.4% male.
Mean age was 67.64 ± 19.1, median age was 72 years for
adults and 7 months for children. Median duration with
HEN was 351 days and for 97.5% was their first event
with HEN. Most patients had HEN because of neurological
disease (57.8%). Access route was nasogastric tube
for 43.5% and gastrostomy for 33.5%. Most patients had
limited activity level and, concerning autonomy, 54.8%
needed total help. Nutritional formula was supplied from
chemist’s office to 73.8% of patients and disposables,
when necessary, was supplied from hospitals to 53.8% of
patients. HEN was finished for 1,031 patients (34.1%)
during the period of study, 56.6% due to decease and
22.2% due to recovery of oral intake.
Conclusions: Data from NADYA-SENPE registry
must be explained cautiously because it is a non-compulsory
registry. In spite of the change in the methodology of
the registry in 2010, tendencies regarding HEN have been
maintained, other than oral routeObjetivos: Describir los resultados del registro de nutrición
enteral domiciliaria (NED) del grupo NADYASENPE
de los años 2011 y 12.
Material y métodos: Se recopilaron los datos introducidos
en el registro desde el 1 de enero de 2011 al 31 de diciembre
de 2012.
Resultados: Hubo 3021 pacientes en el registro durante
el periodo, procedentes de 29 hospitales, lo que da una
prevalencia de 65,39 casos por millón de habitantes.
97.95% fueron adultos, 51,4% varones. La edad media
fue 67,64 ± 19,1 años y la mediana 72 años para los adultos
y 7 meses para los niños. La duración media de la NED
fue 351 días y para el 97,5% fue el primer episodio con
NED. La mayoría de pacientes tenían NED por una enfermedad
neurológica (57,8%). La vía de acceso fue sonda
nasogástrica para el 43,5% y gastrostomía para el 33,5%.
La mayoría de pacientes tuvieron un nivel de actividad física
limitado y, respecto a la autonomía, 54,8% necesitaba
ayuda total. La fórmula de nutrición se suministró desde
las oficinas de farmacia para el 73,8% y los fungibles,
cuando fueron necesarios, desde los hospitales para el
53,8%. La NED se suspendió en 1.031 pacientes (34,1%)
durante el periodo de estudio, 56,6% debido a fallecimiento
y 22,2% debido a recuperación de la vía oral.
Conclusiones: Los datos del registro NADYA-SENPE
deben ser interpretados con precaución ya que se trata de
un registro voluntario. A pesar del cambio de metodología
del registro en 2010, las tendencias en NED se han mantenido,
salvo la importancia cuantitativa de la vía ora
Health-related quality of life and mental health in the medium-term aftermath of the Prestige oil spill in Galiza (Spain): a cross-sectional study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In 2002 the oil-tanker <it>Prestige </it>sank off the Galician coast. This study analyzes the effect of this accident on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health in the affected population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using random sampling stratified by age and sex, 2700 residents were selected from 7 coastal and 7 inland Galician towns. Two exposure criteria were considered: a) residential exposure, i.e., coast versus interior; and b) individual exposure-unaffected, slightly affected, or seriously affected-according to degree of personal affectation. SF-36, GHQ-28, HADS and GADS questionnaires were used to assess HRQoL and mental health. Association of exposure with suboptimal scores was summarized using adjusted odds ratios (OR) obtained from logistic regression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>For residential exposure, the SF-36 showed coastal residents as having a lower likelihood of registering suboptimal HRQoL values in physical functioning (OR:0.69; 95%CI:0.54–0.89) and bodily pain (OR:0.74; 95%CI:0.62–0.91), and a higher frequency of suboptimal scores in mental health (OR:1.28; 95%CI:1.02–1.58). None of the dimensions of the other questionnaires displayed statistically significant differences.</p> <p>For individual exposure, no substantial differences were observed, though the SF-36 physical functioning dimension rose (showed better scores) with level of exposure (91.51 unaffected, 93.86 slightly affected, 95.28 seriously affected, p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Almost one and a half years after the accident, worse HRQoL and mental health levels were not in evidence among subjects exposed to the oil-spill. Nevertheless, some of the scales suggest the possibility of slight impact on the mental health of residents in the affected areas.</p
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