Análisis estadístico de la interacción entre la luminosidad, el estado de la superficie del pavimento y los factores atmosféricos en los accidentes de circulación vial en la provincia de A Coruña

Estas V Jornadas tuvieron lugar en Oviedo, del 16 al 19 de octubre de 2001

La Cumbre de Lisboa: una agenda para el desarrollo y la seguridad de África

La Cumbre entre África y Europa del próximo mes de diciembre ofrece la oportunidad de abordar algunos de los retos principales del desarrollo africano. La Cumbre de Lisboa reunirá por primera vez en siete años a los líderes de África y Europa. Se trata de una ocasión única para impulsar algunos de los asuntos que más interesan a los centenares de millones de personas que viven en la pobreza en esta región. Sin embargo, el escaso interés de Europa presagia una reunión de mínimos

Activities of ABT-773 against Listeria monocytogenes and coryneform bacteria of clinical interest

The in vitro activities of ABT-773 were evaluated against 15 Listeria monocytogenes strains and 196 coryneform bacteria isolated from clinical samples. One hundred percent of the L. monocytogenes strains were inhibited by ≤0.015 μg of ABT-773/ml. MICs of ABT-773 (μg/ml) at which 50% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC50s) and MIC90s for other organisms were 0.125 and 0.5 (Corynebacterium amycolatum), 1 and >32 (Corynebacterium jeikeium), 0.03 and >32 (Corynebacterium minutissimum), >32 and >32 (Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum and Corynebacterium urealyticum), 0.125 and >32 (Corynebacterium striatum), and 0.03 and 0.5 (Rhodococcus equi), respectively

The “Alluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum”, a new subterranean habitat

Received: April 5, 2013; Accepted: August 23, 2013; Published: October 4, 2013In this paper we describe a new type of subterranean habitat associated with dry watercourses in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula, the “Alluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum” (alluvial MSS). Historical observations and data from field sampling specially designed to study MSS fauna in the streambeds of temporary watercourses support the description of this new habitat. To conduct the sampling, 16 subterranean sampling devices were placed in a region of Eastern Spain. The traps were operated for 12 months and temperature and relative humidity data were recorded to characterise the habitat. A large number of species was captured, many of which belonged to the arthropod group, with marked hygrophilous, geophilic, lucifugous and mesothermal habits. In addition, there was also a substantial number of species showing markedly ripicolous traits. The results confirm that the network of spaces which forms in alluvial deposits of temporary watercourses merits the category of habitat, and here we propose the name of “alluvial MSS”. The “alluvial MSS” may be covered or not by a layer of soil, is extremely damp, provides a buffer against above ground temperatures and is aphotic. In addition, compared to other types of MSS, it is a very unstable habitat. It is possible that the “alluvial MSS” may be found in other areas of the world with strongly seasonal climatic regimes, and could play an important role as a biogeographic corridor and as a refuge from climatic changes.The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funded this research project (CGL2010-19924) and the Ministry of Education and Science programme "Juan de la Cierva". This research Project (CGL2010-19924) was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.The Ministry of Education and Science programme "Juan de la Cierva" funded the research activity of one of the authors (A. J-V.).Peer reviewe

Novel Papillomaviruses in Free-Ranging Iberian Bats: No Virus–Host Co-evolution, No Strict Host Specificity, and Hints for Recombination

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are widespread pathogens. However, the extent of PV infections in bats remains largely unknown. This work represents the first comprehensive study of PVs in Iberian bats. We identified four novel PVs in the mucosa of free-ranging Eptesicus serotinus (EserPV1, EserPV2, and EserPV3) and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (RferPV1) individuals and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships within the viral family. We further assessed their prevalence in different populations of E. serotinus and its close relative E. isabellinus. Although it is frequent to read that PVs co-evolve with their host, that PVs are highly species-specific, and that PVs do not usually recombine, our results suggest otherwise. First, strict virus-host co-evolution is rejected by the existence of five, distantly related bat PV lineages and by the lack of congruence between bats and bat PVs phylogenies. Second, the ability of EserPV2 and EserPV3 to infect two different bat species (E. serotinus and E. isabellinus) argues against strict host specificity. Finally, the description of a second noncoding region in the RferPV1 genome reinforces the view of an increased susceptibility to recombination in the E2-L2 genomic region. These findings prompt the question of whether the prevailing paradigms regarding PVs evolution should be reconsidered

Mating strategy is determinant of adenovirus prevalence in European bats

Adenoviruses are double-strained DNA viruses found in a great number of vertebrates, including humans. In order to understand their transmission dynamics, it is crucial, even from a human health perspective, to investigate how host traits influence their prevalence. Bats are important reservoirs for adenoviruses, and here we use the results of recent screenings in Western Europe to evaluate the association between characteristic traits of bat species and their probability of hosting adenoviruses, taking into account their phylogenetic relationships. Across species, we found an important phylogenetic component in the presence of adenoviruses and mating strategy as the most determinant factor conditioning the prevalence of adenoviruses across bat species. Contrary to other more stable mating strategies (e.g. harems), swarming could hinder transmission of adenoviruses since this strategy implies that contacts between individuals are too short. Alternatively, bat species with more promiscuous behavior may develop a stronger immune system. Outstandingly high prevalence of adenoviruses was reported for the Iberian species Pipistrellus pygmaeus, P. kuhlii and Nyctalus lasiopterus and we found that in the latter, males were more likely to be infected by adenoviruses than females, due to the immunosuppressing consequence of testosterone during the mating season. As a general trend across species, we found that the number of adenoviruses positive individuals was different across localities and that the difference in prevalence between populations was correlated with their geographic distances for two of the three studied bat species (P. pygmaeus and P.kuhlii). These results increase our knowledge about the transmission mechanisms of adenoviruses.This work received support from: grant number: SAF2006-12784-C02/01-02 to JE, JJ, IC; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=beebec05f2a7d210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD; grant numbers: SAF2009-09172 to JE, JJ; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=fe5aec1eb658c310VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD; grant numbers: SAF2013-47194-P to JE, JJ, GP, OP; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=0b7f11a1c35d0610VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD; grant numbers: SAF2017-89355-P to JE, JJ, GP, OP, JB; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=abf192b9036c2210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD; grant numbers: PI15CIII/00028 to IC, MMIC; URLs to sponsors’ websites: http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.S

Effectiveness of institutional policies to prevent adolescent alcohol use: The view of experts and adolescents

Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de un grupo de adolescentes y profesionales/expertos en adoles- cencia, familia, escuela, medios de comunicación y políticas locales acerca de la eficacia de las políticas institucionales en la prevención del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes. Emplazamiento: Cuatro centros educativos de la provincia de Sevilla. Sede central de la Fun- dación Alcohol y Sociedad en Madrid. Dise ¿ no: Estudio cualitativo siguiendo el método propuesto por la Teoría fundamentada (Groun- ded theory) (Glaser y Strauss, 1967). Método: Información obtenida a partir de 10 grupos de discusión guiados por entrevistas semi- estructuradas. Análisis de la información mediante Atlas ti 5. Participantes: Treinta y dos profesionales/expertos nacionales y 40 adolescentes de ambos sexos entre 15-20 a ¿ nos residentes en la provincia de Sevilla, seleccionados por muestreo inten- cional teórico. Resultados: Los expertos consideran eficaces la mayoría de las acciones o medidas preventivas evaluadas mientras que los adolescentes niegan el impacto preventivo de la mayor parte de ellas. Los adolescentes proponen medidas centradas en la reducción de la oferta de alcohol, mientras que los expertos proponen un modelo mixto, en el que se combinen políticas de reducción de la oferta y de la demanda, en función de objetivos específicos a corto y largo plazo. Conclusiones: Se ha obtenido una visión general sobre aquello que según adolescentes y exper- tos es eficaz o ineficaz en la prevención del consumo de alcohol, y acerca de las claves que se deberían tener en cuenta para dise ¿ nar políticas eficaces.Objective: The objective of this study is to obtain the views of a sample of adolescents and experts on adolescence, family, school, local policies and media, regarding the effectiveness of institutional policies to prevent adolescent alcohol use. Setting: Four educational centers in the province of Seville. Head office of the Alcohol and Society Foundation in Madrid. Design: Qualitative study using the method proposed by Grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). Methodology: Data were collected from 10 discussion groups guided by semistructured inter- views. The data were analyzed using Atlas ti 5 software. Participants: A total of 32 national experts and 40 adolescents of both sexes aged 15 to 20 years living in the province of Seville, selected by theoretical intentional sampling. Results: The experts believed that most of the evaluated preventive actions were effective, while adolescents disputed the preventive impact of most of them. Adolescents proposed actions focused on the reduction of supply of alcohol. Experts proposed a mixed model as the most effective strategy to prevent alcohol consumption in adolescents, combining supply and demand reduction policies, depending on specific short and long term objectives. Conclusions: We have obtained, not only an overview of what is working (or not) from the view of adolescents and experts, but also the key points that should be taken into account for designing effective prevention policies.Departamento de Educación y Psicología SocialFacultad de Psicología, Campus Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MéxicoSchool of Psychology, Faculty of Business and Society, University of Glamorgan, South Wales, Reino UnidoPostprin

The Caldera. No. 17

Además de recoger, a través de imágenes y de palabras, las experiencias y vivencias que logramos a raíz del homenaje que se rindió a nuestro idioma, a partir de las distintas actividades realizadas por el área de Lengua Castellana, en el mes de Abril, esta edición de “La Caldera”, se centra, en especial, en la mujer y en el amor, vistos, abordados desde la literatura. De esta manera, nuestros jóvenes de undécimo grado se aproximan, desde la modalidad del ensayo, a hacer un análisis serio y riguroso de temas intemporales como el amor y el rol de la mujer, llegando a sus propias conclusiones; aquí, lo más importante es el acercamiento que se logra a la lectura, al análisis de obras consideradas como clásicos de la literatura universal y a la construcción de una serie de argumentos en torno a un trabajo de sustentación, de de nuestros jóvenes educandos.Es tiempo para la paz, el lenguaje es un buen comienzo. Abril: Mes del Idioma. “Celebremos la palabra”; Por: Gisela Afanador Díaz…04 Expresiones caldistas: El amor y la mujer (Desde la literatura) …08 #PazSinCaracteres. Encuentro de líderes estudiantiles; Por: María Paula Gómez Silvestre y Paula…24 Proyecto Ambiental OIKOS…26 Galería de Imágenes…28In addition to collecting, through images and words, the experiences that we achieved as a result of the tribute that was paid to our language, from the different activities carried out by the Spanish Language area, in the month of April, this edition of "La Caldera", focuses, especially, on women and love, seen, approached from literature. In this way, our eleventh grade youths approach, from the essay modality, to make a serious and rigorous analysis of timeless themes such as love and the role of women, reaching their own conclusions; Here, the most important thing is the approach that is achieved to reading, to the analysis of works considered as classics of universal literature and to the construction of a series of arguments around a support work, of our young students

Nutrición enteral domiciliaria en España: registro Nadya del año 2011-2012

Objective: To describe the results of the home enteral nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group in 2011 and 2012. Material and methods: We retrieved the data of the patients recorded from January 1st 2011 to December 31st 2012. Results: There were 3021 patients in the registry during the period from 29 hospitals, which gives 65.39 per million inhabitants. 97.95% were adults, 51.4% male. Mean age was 67.64 ± 19.1, median age was 72 years for adults and 7 months for children. Median duration with HEN was 351 days and for 97.5% was their first event with HEN. Most patients had HEN because of neurological disease (57.8%). Access route was nasogastric tube for 43.5% and gastrostomy for 33.5%. Most patients had limited activity level and, concerning autonomy, 54.8% needed total help. Nutritional formula was supplied from chemist’s office to 73.8% of patients and disposables, when necessary, was supplied from hospitals to 53.8% of patients. HEN was finished for 1,031 patients (34.1%) during the period of study, 56.6% due to decease and 22.2% due to recovery of oral intake. Conclusions: Data from NADYA-SENPE registry must be explained cautiously because it is a non-compulsory registry. In spite of the change in the methodology of the registry in 2010, tendencies regarding HEN have been maintained, other than oral routeObjetivos: Describir los resultados del registro de nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED) del grupo NADYASENPE de los años 2011 y 12. Material y métodos: Se recopilaron los datos introducidos en el registro desde el 1 de enero de 2011 al 31 de diciembre de 2012. Resultados: Hubo 3021 pacientes en el registro durante el periodo, procedentes de 29 hospitales, lo que da una prevalencia de 65,39 casos por millón de habitantes. 97.95% fueron adultos, 51,4% varones. La edad media fue 67,64 ± 19,1 años y la mediana 72 años para los adultos y 7 meses para los niños. La duración media de la NED fue 351 días y para el 97,5% fue el primer episodio con NED. La mayoría de pacientes tenían NED por una enfermedad neurológica (57,8%). La vía de acceso fue sonda nasogástrica para el 43,5% y gastrostomía para el 33,5%. La mayoría de pacientes tuvieron un nivel de actividad física limitado y, respecto a la autonomía, 54,8% necesitaba ayuda total. La fórmula de nutrición se suministró desde las oficinas de farmacia para el 73,8% y los fungibles, cuando fueron necesarios, desde los hospitales para el 53,8%. La NED se suspendió en 1.031 pacientes (34,1%) durante el periodo de estudio, 56,6% debido a fallecimiento y 22,2% debido a recuperación de la vía oral. Conclusiones: Los datos del registro NADYA-SENPE deben ser interpretados con precaución ya que se trata de un registro voluntario. A pesar del cambio de metodología del registro en 2010, las tendencias en NED se han mantenido, salvo la importancia cuantitativa de la vía ora

Health-related quality of life and mental health in the medium-term aftermath of the Prestige oil spill in Galiza (Spain): a cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In 2002 the oil-tanker <it>Prestige </it>sank off the Galician coast. This study analyzes the effect of this accident on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health in the affected population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using random sampling stratified by age and sex, 2700 residents were selected from 7 coastal and 7 inland Galician towns. Two exposure criteria were considered: a) residential exposure, i.e., coast versus interior; and b) individual exposure-unaffected, slightly affected, or seriously affected-according to degree of personal affectation. SF-36, GHQ-28, HADS and GADS questionnaires were used to assess HRQoL and mental health. Association of exposure with suboptimal scores was summarized using adjusted odds ratios (OR) obtained from logistic regression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>For residential exposure, the SF-36 showed coastal residents as having a lower likelihood of registering suboptimal HRQoL values in physical functioning (OR:0.69; 95%CI:0.54–0.89) and bodily pain (OR:0.74; 95%CI:0.62–0.91), and a higher frequency of suboptimal scores in mental health (OR:1.28; 95%CI:1.02–1.58). None of the dimensions of the other questionnaires displayed statistically significant differences.</p> <p>For individual exposure, no substantial differences were observed, though the SF-36 physical functioning dimension rose (showed better scores) with level of exposure (91.51 unaffected, 93.86 slightly affected, 95.28 seriously affected, p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Almost one and a half years after the accident, worse HRQoL and mental health levels were not in evidence among subjects exposed to the oil-spill. Nevertheless, some of the scales suggest the possibility of slight impact on the mental health of residents in the affected areas.</p