Evaluation trends in health promotion. Update of the debate in the decade 2005-2015

La promoción de la salud ―PS― es un pilar de la salud pública para el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y la salud en sí misma. Sin embargo la evaluación en PS es un campo teórico-práctico con desarrollos incipientes, aunque en permanente construcción. Objetivo: Aportar elementos para actualizar el debate sobre evaluación en PS entre los años 2005 y 2015. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación documental tipo estado del arte ―partiendo de una revisión temática de 23 bases de datos― previa definición de los descriptores conceptuales y comprensivos relacionados con la PS, la evaluación en PS e indicadores positivos en PS. Un total de 49 publicaciones con énfasis en evaluación en PS fueron seleccionadas para el análisis. Resultados: Se configuraron tres tendencias de evaluación en PS: evaluación realista dirigida a la valoración de los contextos y teorías que subyacen a la acción; evaluación participativa que destaca la participación de todos los actores implicados en las intervenciones; evaluación de impacto orientada a identificar procesos y resultados tendientes a la efectividad en PS y a la superación de inequidades en salud. Conclusiones: Pese al progreso persisten desafíos frente a la evaluación en PS tales como el abordaje desde una perspectiva compleja tanto de las intervenciones como de la evaluación; el desarrollo de modelos de evaluación que permitan el empoderamiento efectivo y la intersectorialidad, así como la problematización de la evidencia como eje orientador de la efectividad en PS.Health promotion (HP) is a pillar of public health for the improvement of living and health conditions. However, the health promotion evaluation is a theoretical-practical field with incipient developments in permanent construction. Objective: The objective of this study was to provide elements to update the health promotion evaluation debate between the years 2005 and 2015. Methods: A state-of-the-art documentary research was conducted -from a thematic review of 23 databases- after defining the conceptual and comprehensive descriptors related to health promotion, health promotion evaluation and positive indicators in health promotion. A total of 49 publications with emphasis on the evaluation of health promotion were selected for analysis. Results: three health promotion evaluation trends were configured: realistic evaluation aimed at assessing the contexts and theories that underlie the action; participatory evaluation that highlights the participation of all the actors involved in the interventions; and impact evaluation aimed at identifying processes and results tending to health promotion effectiveness and overcoming health inequities. Conclusions: Despite the progress, there are challenges to the health promotion evaluation such as the approach from a complex perspective of both, interventions and evaluation; the development of evaluation models that allow the effective empowerment and intersectoriality; and the problematization of evidence as the guiding axis of effectiveness in health promotion

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Manizales, Pereira, Santa Rosa de Cabal (Colombia) e Isla El Hierro (España)

La violencia sociopolítica en Colombia ha sido una problemática que ha impedido el desarrollo del país y ha generado afectaciones a nivel individual y comunitario no solo a nivel social y económico, sino que también ha repercutido enormemente en la salud mental del pueblo colombiano, entendiendo que el conflicto armado es un generador de traumas sociales que afectan el adecuado desarrollo biopsicosocial de individuos y grupos sociales. Desde el abordaje de escenarios de violencia sociopolítica, este trabajo constituye una mirada reflexiva hacia la realidad sociopolítica del país y el rol que ejerce el psicólogo en escenarios donde las afectaciones por el conflicto armado son latentes. Partiendo de esto, se lleva a cabo un análisis sobre relatos de violencia y esperanza (caso Alfredo Campo y caso Peñas Coloradas), desde los cuales se identifican impactos y emergentes psicosociales, significados alternos a la historia primaria de violencia, posicionamiento desde víctimas o sobrevivientes y resiliencia ante la experiencia vivida. Del mismo modo, se plantean, desde la perspectiva del enfoque narrativo, preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas para el primer caso, así como la formulación de acciones psicosociales y estrategias de intervención que desde el campo de la psicología se consideran pertinentes para generar un cambio significativo en la comunidad a la cual se hace alusión en el segundo caso. Por último, se realiza un informe analítico y reflexivo sobre un ejercicio de foto voz en diferentes escenarios de violencia, desde el cual se logró un aprendizaje significativo sobre la importancia de la imagen y la narrativa como elementos eficaces en procesos de identificación e intervención de problemáticas sociales. Palabras clave: Víctima, Foto Voz, Diálogos Generativos, Coalición Comunitaria, Acompañamiento Psicosocial.Socio-political violence in Colombia has been a problem that has impeded the development of the country and has generated effects at the individual and community level, not only at the social and economic level, but has also had an enormous impact on the mental health of the Colombian people, understanding that the Armed conflict is a generator of social traumas that affect the adequate biopsychosocial development of individuals and social groups. From the approach of scenarios of socio-political violence, this work constitutes a reflective look at the socio-political reality of the country and the role played by the psychologist in scenarios where the effects of the armed conflict are latent. Based on this, an analysis is carried out on stories of violence and hope (the Alfredo Campo case and the Peñas Coloradas case), from which psychosocial impacts and emergencies are identified, alternate meanings to the primary history of violence, positioning from victims or survivors and resilience to the lived experience. In the same way, from the perspective of the narrative approach, circular, reflective and strategic questions are posed for the first case, as well as the formulation of psychosocial actions and intervention strategies that from the field of psychology are considered pertinent to generate a change significant in the community referred to in the second case. Finally, an analytical and reflective report is made on a photo-voice exercise in different violence scenarios, from which significant learning was achieved on the importance of the image and the narrative as effective elements in the processes of identification and intervention of problems social. Keywords: Victim, Photo Voice, Generative Dialogues, Community Coalition, Psychosocial Accompaniment

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 13

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público. El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTFAG) - Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kléber Ramírez (UPTM) - Mérida - Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (CABBOPP) - Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE) - Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CEDINTER) - Antioquia – Colombia y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 12

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 12, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat