Los procesos de producción e interpretación del texto escrito. De la retórica a la didáctica de la lengua

La enseñanza de la lengua desde una perspectiva funcional y comunicativa consiste en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa que se manifiesta en la capacidad de controlar la producción e interpretación de textos. En lo que respecta a la primera, la capacidad de producción, parece que los procesos que se desarrollan en el transcurso de la composición del texto en cuestión es un descubrimiento bastante reciente. Pero, si echamos una ojeada a la Retórica clásica, devaluada durante casi todo el siglo XX, aunque revitalizada en los últimos tiempos gracias a la Neorretórica, encontraremos que las partes que distingue, la inventio, la dispositio y la elocutio, se relacionan directamente con dos de los subprocesos que intervienen en el transcurso de la producción textual (planificación y textualización), puestos en evidencia por los análisis de protocolos desde finales de la década de los setenta.The teaching of language from a functional, communicative perspective is focussed on the development of communicative competence, i.e. the ability to control the production and interpretation of texts. It might seem that the study of the processes involved in the production of texts is a recent discovery. Howewer, if we turn to classical Rhetoric –almost forgotten during the 20th but given new emphasis in recent times-, we find that the parts of wich it is composed, namely inventio, dispositio and elocutio, are closely related to two of the subprocesses pertaining the textual production: planning and textualizing, as evidenced in protocol analyses since the end of the seventies.Facultad de Educación y Humanidades - Campus de Melilla (Universidad de Granada

LOS PROCESOS DE PRODUCCIÓN E INTERPRETACIÓN DEL TEXTO ESCRITO. DE LA RETÓRICA A LA DIDÁCTICA DE LA LENGUA

La enseñanza de la lengua desde una perspectiva funcional y comunicativa consiste en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa que se manifiesta en la capacidad de controlar la producción e interpretación de textos. En lo que respecta a la primera, la capacidad de producción, parece que los procesos que se desarrollan en el transcurso de la composición del texto en cuestión es un descubrimiento bastante reciente. Pero, si echamos una ojeada a la Retórica clásica, devaluada durante casi todo el siglo XX, aunque revitalizada en los últimos tiempos gracias a la Neorretórica, encontraremos que las partes que distingue, la inventio,  la dispositio  y la elocutio , se relacionan directamente con dos de los subprocesos que intervienen en el transcurso de la producción textual (planificación y textualización), puestos en evidencia por los análisis de protocolos desde finales de la década de los setenta.The teaching of language from a functional, communicative perspective is focussed on the development of communicative competence, i.e. the ability to control the production and interpretation of texts. It might seem that the study of the processes involved in the production of texts is a recent discovery. Howewer, if we turn to classical Rhetoric –almost forgotten during the 20th but given new emphasis in recent times-, we find that the parts of wich it is composed, namely inventio, dispositio and  elocutio, are closely related to two of the subprocesses pertaining the textual production: planning and textualizing, as evidenced in protocol analyses since the end of the seventies

Teaching/learning languages in primary education degree

El actual Grado de Maestro de Primaria supone cambios estructurales y metodológicos respecto a la anterior diplomatura que nos permite comparar el contexto de la Didáctica de las lenguas. Analizamos el modelo metodológico de la enseñanza/ aprendizaje de las lenguas determinado por el enfoque humanista en el que la adquisición de competencia desplaza al anterior centrado en contenidos. Acotamos los conceptos de “transferencia”, de “competencia” presentes en el nuevo contexto metodológico universitario y en el ámbito de la Didáctica de las lenguas. Hacemos un estudio comparativo de la enseñanza/aprendizaje de las lenguas en diferentes universidades españolas y examinamos la presencia de las mismas dentro de la propia Universidad

Lectura y escritura en alumnado universitario de educación de primer curso. Análisis de necesidades

This study aimed to know a profile of the formative characteristics of new students from the different specialities of Education at the University of Granada. A total of 203 students were evaluated in vocabulary, reading comprehension and spelling. They were also collected socio-demographic data. The results showed that a lot of students made quite a lot reading comprehension, vocabulary and spelling mistakes. As positive aspects to highlight are their integration into the Faculty, the good relations that exist between the students, a high number consider effort and motivation important for the professional success; instead, it seems worrying, that a high percentage not valued the discipline or honesty. We concluded recommending the achievement of workshops, or activities in which they tackles the attention to the deficient areas and values and attitudes training.El objetivo central del presente estudio es conocer el nivel en lectura y escritura que poseen los alumnos de nuevo ingreso de las diferentes especialidades de Educación de la Universidad de Granada, así como obtener su perfil sociodemográfico. Participaron un total de 203 estudiantes que fueron evaluados en vocabulario, comprensión del texto y ortografía. También fueron recogidos datos sociodemográficos. Los resultados del trabajo pusieron de relieve que un buen número de estudiantes cometía errores en lectura comprensiva, vocabulario y ortografía. Como aspectos positivos a resaltar se encuentran su integración en la Facultad, las buenas relaciones que se establecen entre el alumnado; su valoración positiva de la titulación cursada, de hecho, casi la totalidad del estudiantado no ha pensado cambiar de titulación; o que un número alto de estudiantes considere importante el esfuerzo y la motivación para el éxito profesional. Parece preocupante, en cambio, que un porcentaje muy alto no valore la disciplina o la honestidad para el éxito profesional. Se concluye recomendando la realización de talleres, o actividades en los que se aborde la atención a las áreas deficitarias y la formación en valores y actitude

Reproductive traits of the round sardinella in the Canary Islands (Spain, NW Africa)

The present study aims to investigate the reproductive biology of the small pelagic Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847 in the Canary Islands, to enable its reliable assessment and advise on appropriate management measures for a fishing resource showing a declining trend in landings. Reproductive biology and sexual patterns of round sardinella were examined from monthly random samples of commercial catches landed by the artisanal purse-seine fleet. The landings' length frequencies, ranging between 9–32 cm (based on the total lengths, TL), were recorded from 2013–2019. The overall mean value of TL was 20.9 cm, with annual mean values between 20–22 cm, except in 2016 (TL = 19 cm). The overall sex ratio M:F was 1:0.92, with males significantly predominant. Sex ratios fluctuated as a function of size and month: females were more abundant in the larger length classes, as well as before and after spawning, whereas males were more abundant in the smaller length classes and during spawning. Based on gonad maturity stages and gonadosomatic index, round sardinella spawns during almost all the year, with a peak in January–February and a resting period during October–November. The length at first maturity was estimated at TL of 18.2 cm, notably smaller than the value obtained for the NW African coastal waters where the demographic structure in round sardinellas' landings is totally different.Versión del edito

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe