98 research outputs found

    Estudo dos postos de trabalho de inspecção de defeitos da indústria têxtil

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    Pretende-se com esta comunicação apresentar o trabalho desenvolvido no âmbito da campanha Têxtil do IDICT, onde se realizou um estudo dos postos de trabalho de inspecção de defeitos da Industria Têxtil. O trabalho centrou-se particularmente nos aspectos Ergonómicos dos postos de trabalho: “Metedeira de Fios”, “Revistadeira” e “Inspecção Final”. Cada um dos postos de trabalho foi caracterizado em função dos seguintes aspectos: características gerais; postura e trabalho muscular; percepção, vigilância e destreza; ambiente físico e organização do trabalho. O modelo de actuação usado consistiu na realização de uma série de questões, cuja resposta conduziu à elaboração de um pré-diagnóstico dos postos de trabalho de inspecção. Este pré-diagnóstico constitui, por sua vez, a base para a proposta de um conjunto de recomendações e sugestões ao nível da iluminação, ruído, aspectos ergonómicos do assento e medidas administrativas

    Sistema automático para inspecção visual de defeitos em tecidos

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    Pretende-se com esta comunicação apresentar o trabalho desenvolvido no âmbito da Campanha Têxtil do IDICT, onde se aplicaram algoritmos de processamento de imagem à inspecção de defeitos em tecidos. Devido à complexidade do problema em estudo foi necessário construir um sistema de iluminação estruturada para garantir luminosidade constante no tecido a inspeccionar. Um sistema de captura e processamento de imagens a cores foi desenvolvido, para o sistema operativo Windows 98, tendo por base a placa de aquisição Matrox Meteor II e o software Microsoft Visual C++. Após a conversão de imagens a cores em níveis de cinzento foram desenvolvidos algoritmos de binarização, baseados em análise estatística e morfologia matemática. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos abrangem os seguintes defeitos em tecidos: falta de fio, fio grosso, fio duplo, borboto, mancha e nódoa. Para cada tecido a inspecionar é necessário um período de treino do sistema de forma a identificar os parâmetros estatísticos que o caracterizam, média e desvio padrão dos níveis de cinzento. O sistema inspecciona de forma automática os defeitos descritos em tecidos penteados de uma só cor, tendo sido obtidos resultados bastante satisfatórios para o número de tecidos disponibilisados pelas empresas da região

    Toward Sustainable Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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    Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used energy storage system because of their high energy density and power, robustness, and reversibility, but they typically include an electrolyte solution composed of flammable organic solvents, leading to safety risks and reliability concerns for high-energy-density batteries. A step forward in Li-ion technology is the development of solid-state batteries suitable in terms of energy density and safety for the next generation of smart, safe, and high-performance batteries. Solid-state batteries can be developed on the basis of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) that may rely on natural polymers in order to replace synthetic ones, thereby taking into account environmental concerns. This work provides a perspective on current state-of-the-art sustainable SPEs for lithium-ion batteries. The recent developments are presented with a focus on natural polymers and their relevant properties in the context of battery applications. In addition, the ionic conductivity values and battery performance of natural polymer-based SPEs are reported, and it is shown that sustainable SPEs can become essential components of a next generation of high-performance solid-state batteries synergistically focused on performance, sustainability, and circular economy considerations.The authors thank the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) for financial support under the framework of Strategic Funding grants UIDB/04650/2020, UID/FIS/04650/2020, UID/EEA/04436/2020, and UID/QUI/0686/2020 and project PTDC/FIS-MAC/28157/2017. The authors also thank the FCT for financial support under grants SFRH/BD/140842/2018 (to J.C.B.) and Investigator FCT Contracts CEECIND/00833/2017 (to R.G.) and 2020.04028.CEECIND (to C.M.C.), as well POCH and the European Union. Financial support from the Basque Government Industry Department under the ELKARTEK program is also acknowledged

    Self-structuring of lamellar bridged silsesquioxanes with long side spacers

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    Diurea cross-linked bridged silsesquioxanes (BSs) C(10)C(11)C(10) derived from organosilane precursors, including decylene chains as side spacers and alkylene chains with variable length as central spacers (EtO)(3)Si- (CH(2))(10)-Y(CH(2))(n)-Y-(CH(2))(10)-Si(OEt)(3) (n = 7, 9-12; Y = urea group and Et = ethyl), have been synthesized through the combination of self-directed assembly and an acid-catalyzed sol gel route involving the addition of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and a large excess of water. This new family of hybrids has enabled us to conclude that the length of the side spacers plays a unique role in the structuring of alkylene-based BSs, although their morphology remains unaffected. All the samples adopt a lamellar structure. While the alkylene chains are totally disordered in the case of the C(10)C(7)C(10) sample, a variable proportion of all-trans and gauche conformers exists in the materials with longer central spacers. The highest degree of structuring occurs for n = 9. The inclusion of decylene instead of propylene chains as side spacers leads to the formation of a stronger hydrogen-bonded urea-urea array as evidenced by two dimensional correlation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. The emission spectra and emission quantum yields of the C(10)C(n)C(10) Cm materials are similar to those reported for diurea cross-linked alkylene-based BSs incorporating propylene chains as side spacers and prepared under different experimental conditions. The emission of the C(10)C(n)C(10) hybrids is ascribed to the overlap of two distinct components that occur within the urea cross-linkages and within the siliceous nanodomains. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy has provided evidence that the average distance between the siliceous domains and the urea cross-links is similar in the C(10)C(n)C(10) BSs and in oxyethylene-based hybrid analogues incorporating propylene chains as side spacers (diureasils), an indication that the longer side chains in the former materials adopt gauche conformations. It has also allowed us to demonstrate for the first time that the emission features of the urea-related component of the emission of alkylene-based BSs depend critically on the length of the side spacers

    Planck early results XVIII : The power spectrum of cosmic infrared background anisotropies

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