Educação, desigualdades sociais e usos do computador Magalhães: Uma pesquisa comparativa

VII Congresso Português de Sociologia, "Sociedade, Crise e Reconfigurações", Porto, 20 a 22 de Junho de 2012 (Comunicação).Ao longo das últimas décadas têm-se implementado múltiplos programas governamentais e realizados investimentos consideráveis em tecnologias da informação e comunicação nas escolas, na generalidade dos países europeus, incluindo no nosso país, numa perspetiva de inclusão digital das novas gerações, particularmente dos grupos sociais mais desfavorecidos. Alguns dados já apurados apontam para o efeito que o programa e.escolinha, com início em 2008/09, no 1º ciclo do ensino básico, teve na democratização do acesso a estas tecnologias na população em causa (GEPE, 2001; Silva & Diogo, 2011). Resta, contudo, aprofundar em que medida esta democratização de acesso se está a traduzir numa verdadeira democratização de usos. Interessa-nos enquadrar este problema no campo da Sociologia da Educação, nomeadamente na questão das desigualdades sociais face à educação, mais especificamente na análise da articulação entre escola e família nos velhos e novos processos de (re)produção social e cultural. A partir de dois estudos de caso, um na Região Centro e outro na Região Autónoma dos Açores, baseados em métodos extensivos (inquérito a pais, alunos e professores) e intensivos (entrevistas a pais e professores e registos etnográficos de uma turma), propomo-nos analisar, numa perspetiva comparativa, como é que as crianças dos diferentes grupos sociais usam o computador Magalhães e como é mediado esse uso pela escola e pela família.ABSTRACT: Over the past decades have been deployed multiple government programs and conducted considerable investments in information and communication technologies in schools, in most European countries, including in our country, in a perspective of the digital inclusion of the new generations, particularly the social disadvantaged groups. Some data point to the already established fact that the program e.escolinha, starting in 2008/09, in the 1st cycle of basic education, meant the democratization of access to these technologies (GEPE, 2001; Diogo & Silva, 2011). There remains, however, the question of to what extent this democratization of access is being translated into a true democratization of uses. We are interested in framing this issue in the field of Sociology of Education, including the question of social inequalities in the field of education, more specifically in the analysis of the relationship between school and family in the old and new processes of social and cultural (re)production. From two case studies, one in the Central Region and one in the Azores, based on extensive methods (survey of parents, students and teachers) and intensive methods (interviews with parents and teachers and ethnographic records of a class), we propose to analyse, in a comparative perspective, how children from different social groups use the Magalhães computer and as such use is mediated by the school and the family

Performance Comparison of Grid-Faulty Control Schemes for Inverter-Based Industrial Microgrids

Several control schemes specifically designed to operate inverter-based industrial microgrids during voltage sags have been recently proposed. This paper first classifies these control schemes in three categories and then performs a comparative analysis of them. Representative control schemes of each category are selected, described and used to identify the main features and performance of the considered category. The comparison is based on the evaluation of several indexes, which measure the power quality of the installation and utility grid during voltage sags, including voltage regulation, reactive current injection and transient response. The paper includes selected simulation results from a 500 kVA industrial microgrid to validate the expected features of the considered control schemes. Finally, in view of the obtained results, the paper proposes an alternative solution to cope with voltage sags, which includes the use of a static compensator in parallel with the microgrid. The novelty of this proposal is the suitable selection of the control schemes for both the microgrid and the static compensator. The superior performance of the proposal is confirmed by the analysis of the quality indexes. Its practical limitations are also revealed, showing that the topic studied in this paper is still open for further research.This work has been supported by the European Union Project ELAC2014/ESE0034 and its linked National Projects PCIN-2015-001 (MINECO, Spain), 082-2015 (CONCYTEC, Peru), ERANETLAC/0005/2014 (FCT, Portugal), ERANETLAC/0006/2014 (FCT, Portugal) and 018/16 (MINCYT, Argentina).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Concepções de pedagogia universitária: um estudo na Universidade do Minho, um projecto de investigação sobre concepções de qualidade da pedagogia

Série: "Apontamentos UM", n.º 5É objectivo do presente texto caracterizar sumariamente o projecto "Concepções de Pedagogia Universitária - um Estudo na Universidade do Minho", que foi objecto de apresentação breve no âmbito do seminário Pedagogia: Ideias e Projectos, promovido em Julho de 2001 pelo Grupo de Missão para a Qualidade do Ensino/Aprendizagem no âmbito da iniciativa Pedagogia em Campus. Pelas limitações de extensão do texto presente, faremos uma descrição genérica do contexto e desenvolvimento do projecto e do quadro de análise proposto, passando de seguida a algumas conclusões e implicações principais. Informação mais detalhada, nomeadamente sobre a metodologia seguida e os resultados obtidos, poderá ser encontrada noutras publicações da equipa, indicadas no final do texto

Villagers’ perceptions of tourism activities in Iona National Park: locality as a key factor in planning for sustainability

Local people's perception of nature-based tourism evolution and consequent impacts on their well-being are crucial in promoting ecotourism and achieving sustainable development. This study focused on indigenous populations' attitudes concerning tourism activities taking place in the Iona National Park, located in the Namibe Province of Angola, where ecotourism is considered an anchor product and is expected to become an economic driver of major importance. To obtain information that is useful for a changing tourism management in order to increase rural communities' well-being, we conducted a survey addressing local people's perceptions about the following main topics: perception of the presence of visitors and of their activities; present and prospective positive and negative effects of the park; and government policies that should be developed in the near future. The research shows that most respondents' perceptions strongly vary according to locality. The level of urbanization and the distance to the core areas of touristic activities appear to be the main factors driving the villagers' perception polarization. Thus, conflicting interests between nature conservation and local populations' well-being should be addressed and managed according to locality profiles, with some exceptions, such as ensuring the entire population has access to pastoral lands.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tradução e adaptação transcultural da Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale para português europeu

Introduction: Systematic cognitive assessment is essential to establish rehabilitation plans adjusted to the person with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale (LCFS) is a descriptive tool for framing cognitive and behavioral levels, representing the typical recovery of patients with TBI. This study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the LCFS. Methodology: Linguistic equivalence of the LCFS was performed using independent translators and back-translators. Conceptual equivalence was obtained through an expert panel, with 5 elements selected in the field of ??neuroscience and nursing, followed by a cognitive debriefing composed by 8 nurses, with significant experience in neurosurgery. Throughout this process, there was the involvement and contribution of the authors of the original scale. Results: Linguistic equivalence was a fluid process. The expert panel reached a consensus on 79 (94%) of the 84 items on the scale. The analysis carried out in the cognitive debriefing resulted in changes in reduced number of terms, obtaining the LCFS in European Portuguese. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the LCFS proves to be easy to understand and provides a robust content validity. A psychometric study is suggested to ensure cross-cultural validation.Introdución: la evaluación cognitiva sistemática es fundamental para establecer planes de rehabilitación a la medida de la persona con traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE). La Escala de Niveles de Funcionamiento Cognitivo (LCFS) de Rancho Los Amigos es una herramienta descriptiva para enmarcar el nivel cognitivo y conductual, que representa la recuperación típica de los pacientes con TCE. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo traducir y adaptar LCFS transculturalmente. Métodologia: La equivalencia lingüística de la LCFS se realizó mediante traductores y retrotraductores independientes. La equivalencia conceptual se obtuvo a través de un panel de expertos, compuesto por 5 elementos seleccionados en el campo de la neurociencia y enfermería, seguido de un debriefing cognitivo formado por 8 enfermeros con importante experiencia en neurocirugía. En todo este proceso se contó con la implicación y aportación de los autores de la escala original. Resultados: La equivalencia lingüística fue un proceso fluido. El panel de expertos se alcanzó consenso en 79 (94%) de los 84 ítems de la escala. El análisis realizado en debriefing cognitivo resultó en cambios en un número reducido de términos, obteniendo el LCFS en portugués europeo. Conclusion: La versión portuguesa del LCFS demuestra ser fácil de entender y se obtuvo una sólida validez de contenido. Se sugiere un estudio psicométrico para asegurar la validación intercultural.Introdução: A avaliação cognitiva sistemática é essencial para estabelecer planos de reabilitação ajustados à pessoa com traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE).  A Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale (LCFS) é uma ferramenta descritiva de enquadramento do nível de cognitivo e comportamental, representando a recuperação típica das pessoas com TCE. Este estudo teve como objetivo traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente a LCFS.  Metodologia: Foi realizada a equivalência linguística da LCFS com recurso a tradutores e retrotradutores independentes. A equivalência conceptual obteve-se através de um painel de peritos, constituído por 5 elementos selecionados nas áreas das neurociências e enfermagem, seguido de um cognitive debriefing formado por 8 enfermeiros com experiência significativa em neurocirurgia. Ao longo deste processo houve o envolvimento e contributo dos autores da escala original.  Resultados: A equivalência linguística foi um processo de decorreu de forma fluída. No Painel de Peritos obteve-se consenso em 79 (94%) dos 84 itens da escala. Da análise realizada no Cognitive Debriefing resultaram alterações num número reduzido de termos, obtendo-se a LCFS no português europeu. Conclusão: A versão portuguesa da LCFS demonstra ser de fácil entendimento e obteve-se uma robusta validade de conteúdo. Sugere-se a realização do estudo psicométrico para assegurar a validação transcultural.

The influence of population aging in public health

Introduction Population aging is one of the greatest challenges in contemporary public health. Thus, one of the consequences of this dynamic is a greater demand for health services. The aim of the present research consists in explaining the main topics that justify the fact that the increase of population-aging worldwide influences public health strategies applied. Materials and methods To carry out this review article the search strategies included electronic databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library and Science Direct, reference lists of articles, and selected textbooks. Articles and textbooks used in this study were mainly reached by using the following keywords: “Public health”; “Population-ageing “; “Global Aging”; “Elderly” and “Health”. Selection criteria included articles published from 1985 to the present year of 2018. At the end of the search, 11 scientific articles were selected. Results and Discussion The physical / biological, psychological and social changes associated with the elderly leads to decrease of health, withdrawal from the labor market and several unfavorable situations, which cannot be controlled. In this context, the elderly seek to find support in the family, neighborhood, friends and institutions that will influence their quality of life. Therefore, the path of Public Health has three essential points: first, health promotion and primary prevention, which requires a lot of health education to develop healthy living habits and improve understanding of the aging process; secondly, appropriate health treatments, including professionals trained in Geriatrics and Gerontology, aiming at early diagnosis and interdisciplinary administration of diseases, seeking to preserve functional capacity; and finally, the rehabilitation of the functions committed, aiming at functional independence and mental autonomy, in any type of incapacity or limitation. Conclusions Aging is a challenge to be integrated by Public Health and the vulnerability inherent in the elderly should never be seen in a unique way. Thus, we believe in the importance of different forms of support, not only in terms of assistance, clinical treatment and rehabilitation, but also in the implementation of public policies and disease prevention actions, as well as health promotion of the population of integral form.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS NO BRASIL E NA EUROPA: UMA PERCEPÇÃO CIENTÍFICA-TECNOLÓGICA

O aquecimento global é considerado um dos maiores paradigmas científicos da contemporaneidade. Assim, o presente artigo se objetiva em apresentar, através de pesquisas publicadas, a preocupação das populações de países Europeus e do Brasil quanto às mudanças climáticas. Os métodos aplicados na pesquisa abrangem procedimentos teóricos a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, abordagem quanti-qualitativa com o intuito de se comparar numericamente e estatisticamente a quantidade de publicações científicas desenvolvidas no Brasil em relação aos países europeus quanto à temática de mudanças climáticas. Portanto, sobreleva-se a preocupação da população brasileira quanto às mudanças climáticas, além de considerar essa área de pesquisa extremamente necessária para um maior desenvolvimento de iniciativas em ciência e tecnologia. Os países europeus, em especial os jovens, preocupam significativamente quando se trata de mudanças climáticas. Os países nórdicos estão entre os maiores investidores no âmbito tecnológico, proporcionando o crescimento social e o manejo eficiente dos seus recursos naturais

Comparative Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing Infections and Disease Progression from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 and BA.2, Portugal

We estimated comparative primary and booster vaccine effectiveness (VE) of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 and BA.2 lineages against infection and disease progression. During April-June 2022, we implemented a case-case and cohort study and classified lineages using whole-genome sequencing or spike gene target failure. For the case-case study, we estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of vaccination using a logistic regression. For the cohort study, we estimated VE against disease progression using a penalized logistic regression. We observed no reduced VE for primary (aOR 1.07 [95% CI 0.93-1.23]) or booster (aOR 0.96 [95% CI 0.84-1.09]) vaccination against BA.5 infection. Among BA.5 case-patients, booster VE against progression to hospitalization was lower than that among BA.2 case-patients (VE 77% [95% CI 49%-90%] vs. VE 93% [95% CI 86%-97%]). Although booster vaccination is less effective against BA.5 than against BA.2, it offers substantial protection against progression from BA.5 infection to severe disease.The acquisition of sequencing equipment and reagents used in this study by the Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge was partially funded by the HERA project (grant no. 2021/PHF/23776) supported by the European Commission through the European Centre for Disease Control, and also partially funded by the GenomePT project (grant no. POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020–Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation, Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme, Algarve Portugal Regional Operational, under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund, and by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation. Algarve Biomedical Center Laboratory received public funding through the Project ALG-D2-2021-06 Variants Screen in Southern Portugal– Monitoring Variants of Concern in Southern Portugal and the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation national support through the Comprehensive Health Research Center (grant no. UIDP/04923/2020)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

De novo human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 decoy NL-CVX1 protects mice from severe disease after severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection

© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.The emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need to investigate alternative approaches to prevent infection and treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Here, we report the preclinical efficacy of NL-CVX1, a de novo decoy that blocks virus entry into cells by binding with nanomolar affinity and high specificity to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Using a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we showed that a single prophylactic intranasal dose of NL-CVX1 conferred complete protection from severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple therapeutic administrations of NL-CVX1 also protected mice from succumbing to infection. Finally, we showed that infected mice treated with NL-CVX1 developed both anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and memory T cells and were protected against reinfection a month after treatment. Overall, these observations suggest NL-CVX1 is a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing and treating severe SARS-CoV-2 infections.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements number 852985.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

De novo human angiotensin - converting enzyme 2 Decoy NL-CVX1 protects mice from severe disease after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection

The emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need to investigate alternative approaches to prevent infection and treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Here, we report the preclinical efficacy of NL-CVX1, a de novo decoy that blocks virus entry into cells by binding with nanomolar affinity and high specificity to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Using a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we showed that a single prophylactic intranasal dose of NL-CVX1 conferred complete protection from severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple therapeutic administrations of NL-CVX1 also protected mice from succumbing to infection. Finally, we showed that infected mice treated with NL-CVX1 developed both anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and memory T cells and were protected against reinfection a month after treatment. Overall, these observations suggest NL-CVX1 is a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing and treating severe SARS-CoV-2 infections.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio