Визначення теплового режиму процесу компостування біосировини в камері обертового типу

One of the promising methods to dispose of agricultural bio-based raw materials is to produce compost by aerobic fermentation in rotary chambers. High efficiency of the composting process is achieved when a proper temperature mode is maintained at each phase of the process. Changes in temperature are directly related to the effective transformation of organic substrates by microorganisms and are the reason for the low quality of produced compost in terms of its agrochemical and microbiological parameters. It was established that a high-temperature regime is achieved on the condition that the amount of heat released during the biodegradation of raw materials by microorganisms is greater than the heat loss associated with the substrate aeration and surface cooling. Therefore, the time during which the fermented mass remains warm depends entirely on the substrate's physical-chemical characteristics, the parameters of the equipment, and the modes of its operation. To describe the established conditions, based on the equation of thermal balance, a mathematical model has been built. The model relates the thermal costs necessary to maintain the optimal temperature regime of the process to the substrate's moisture content and specific active heat generation, as well as to such an important thermal physical parameter of the chamber as the coefficient of heat transfer of the wall material. A rotary chamber was manufactured to investigate the thermal mode of the bio-based raw materials composting process. It has been experimentally established that the chamber walls' heat transfer coefficient of 1.6 W/(m2·°C), a value of the substrate's specific active heat generation of 9.2 W/kg, and a moisture content of 58 % provide for the thermal needs for the process with the release of 140 MJ of excess heat. The reported study could be the basis for the modernized methodology of thermal calculations of the bio-based raw materials composting process in closed fermentation chambersОдним из перспективных методов утилизации сельскохозяйственного биосырья является производство компостов путем аэробной ферментации во вращающихся камерах. Высокая эффективность процесса компостирования достигается при условии обеспечения надлежащего температурного режима на каждой из фаз процесса. Изменения температуры напрямую связаны с эффективностью трансформации микроорганизмами органических субстратов и являются причиной низкого качества производимого компоста, как по агрохимическим, так и по микробиологическим показателям. Установлено, что высокий температурный режим достигается при условии, что количество теплоты, выделенное при биодеградации сырья микроорганизмами, является большим, нежели потери теплоты, связанные с аэрацией и поверхностным охлаждением субстрата. Поэтому время, в течение которого ферментируемая масса будет оставаться разогретой, полностью зависит от физико-химических характеристик исходного субстрата, параметров оборудования и режимов его функционирования. Для описания установленных условий, исходя из уравнения теплового баланса, создана математическая модель. Модель сочетает тепловые затраты, необходимые для поддержания оптимального температурного режима процесса, с влажностью и удельным активным тепловыделением субстрата, а также с важным теплофизическим параметром камеры – коэффициентом теплопередачи материала стенки. Для проведения исследований теплового режима процесса компостирования биосырья разработана камера вращающегося типа. Экспериментально установлено: при коэффициенте теплопередачи стенки камеры 1,6 Вт/(м2·°C), величине удельного активного тепловыделения субстрата 9,2 Вт/кг влажностью 58 % обеспечиваются тепловые потребности на процесс с выделением 140 МДж избыточной теплоты. Исследования могут быть положены в основу современной методологии тепловых расчетов процесса компостирования биосырья в закрытых камерах ферментацииОдним з перспективних методів утилізації сільськогосподарської біосировини є виробництво компостів шляхом аеробної ферментації в обертових камерах. Висока ефективність процесу компостування досягається при умові забезпечення належного температурного режиму на кожній з фаз процесу. Зміни температури напряму пов’язані з ефективністю трансформації мікроорганізмами органічних субстратів і є причиною низької якості виробленого компосту за агрохімічними та мікробіологічними показниками. Встановлено, що високий температурний режим досягається при умові, що кількість теплоти, виділена під час біодеградації сировини мікроорганізмами, є більшою за втрати теплоти, пов’язані з аерацією та поверхневим охолодженням субстрату. Тому час, упродовж якого ферментована маса буде залишатися розігрітою, цілковито залежить від фізико-хімічних характеристик субстрату, параметрів обладнання та режимів його функціонування. Для опису встановлених умов, виходячи з рівняння теплового балансу, створено математичну модель. Модель поєднує теплові витрати, необхідні для підтримання оптимального температурного режиму процесу з вологістю і питомим активним тепловиділенням субстрату, а також з важливим теплофізичним параметром камери – коефіцієнтом теплопередачі матеріалу стінки. Для проведення досліджень теплового режиму процесу компостування біосировини виготовлено обертову камеру. Експериментально встановлено: при коефіцієнті теплопередачі стінки камери 1,6 Вт/(м2·°C), величині питомого активного тепловиділення субстрату 9,2 Вт/кг вологістю 58 % забезпечуються теплові потреби на процес з виділенням 140 МДж надлишкової теплоти. Дослідження можуть бути покладені в основу осучасненої методології теплових розрахунків процесу компостування біосировини в закритих камерах ферментаці

Distribution maps of vegetation alliances in Europe

Aim: The first comprehensive checklist of European phytosociological alliances, orders and classes (EuroVegChecklist) was published by Mucina et al. (2016, Applied Vegetation Science, 19 (Suppl. 1), 3–264). However, this checklist did not contain detailed information on the distribution of individual vegetation types. Here we provide the first maps of all alliances in Europe. Location: Europe, Greenland, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Cyprus and the Caucasus countries. Methods: We collected data on the occurrence of phytosociological alliances in European countries and regions from literature and vegetation-plot databases. We interpreted and complemented these data using the expert knowledge of an international team of vegetation scientists and matched all the previously reported alliance names and concepts with those of the EuroVegChecklist. We then mapped the occurrence of the EuroVegChecklist alliances in 82 territorial units corresponding to countries, large islands, archipelagos and peninsulas. We subdivided the mainland parts of large or biogeographically heterogeneous countries based on the European biogeographical regions. Specialized alliances of coastal habitats were mapped only for the coastal section of each territorial unit. Results: Distribution maps were prepared for 1,105 alliances of vascular-plant dominated vegetation reported in the EuroVegChecklist. For each territorial unit, three levels of occurrence probability were plotted on the maps: (a) verified occurrence; (b) uncertain occurrence; and (c) absence. The maps of individual alliances were complemented by summary maps of the number of alliances and the alliance–area relationship. Distribution data are also provided in a spreadsheet. Conclusions: The new map series represents the first attempt to characterize the distribution of all vegetation types at the alliance level across Europe. There are still many knowledge gaps, partly due to a lack of data for some regions and partly due to uncertainties in the definition of some alliances. The maps presented here provide a basis for future research aimed at filling these gaps

Entwicklung und Projektierung einer Justieranlage für Raumlaser mit Algorithmen für die Bildverarbeitung

kein Abstract vorhande

Stages of OCP–FRP Interactions in the Regulation of Photoprotection in Cyanobacteria, Part 2: Small-Angle Neutron Scattering with Partial Deuteration

International audienceWe used small-angle neutron scattering partially coupled with size-exclusion chromatography to unravel the solution structures of two variants of the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) lacking the N-terminal extension (OCP-ΔNTE) and its complex formation with the Fluorescence Recovery Protein (FRP). The dark-adapted, orange form OCP-ΔNTEO is fully photoswitchable and preferentially binds the pigment echinenone. Its complex with FRP consists of a monomeric OCP component, which closely resembles the compact structure expected for the OCP ground state, OCPO. In contrast, the pink form OCP-ΔNTEP, preferentially binding the pigment canthaxanthin, is mostly nonswitchable. The pink OCP form appears to occur as a dimer and is characterized by a separation of the N- and C-terminal domains, with the canthaxanthin embedded only into the N-terminal domain. Therefore, OCP-ΔNTEP can be viewed as a prototypical model system for the active, spectrally red-shifted state of OCP, OCPR. The dimeric structure of OCP-ΔNTEP is retained in its complex with FRP. Small-angle neutron scattering using partially deuterated OCP–FRP complexes reveals that FRP undergoes significant structural changes upon complex formation with OCP. The observed structures are assigned to individual intermediates of the OCP photocycle in the presence of FRP

Determining the Thermal Mode of Bio-based Raw Materials Composting Process in A Rotary-type Chamber

One of the promising methods to dispose of agricultural bio-based raw materials is to produce compost by aerobic fermentation in rotary chambers. High efficiency of the composting process is achieved when a proper temperature mode is maintained at each phase of the process. Changes in temperature are directly related to the effective transformation of organic substrates by microorganisms and are the reason for the low quality of produced compost in terms of its agrochemical and microbiological parameters. It was established that a high-temperature regime is achieved on the condition that the amount of heat released during the biodegradation of raw materials by microorganisms is greater than the heat loss associated with the substrate aeration and surface cooling. Therefore, the time during which the fermented mass remains warm depends entirely on the substrate's physical-chemical characteristics, the parameters of the equipment, and the modes of its operation. To describe the established conditions, based on the equation of thermal balance, a mathematical model has been built. The model relates the thermal costs necessary to maintain the optimal temperature regime of the process to the substrate's moisture content and specific active heat generation, as well as to such an important thermal physical parameter of the chamber as the coefficient of heat transfer of the wall material. A rotary chamber was manufactured to investigate the thermal mode of the bio-based raw materials composting process. It has been experimentally established that the chamber walls' heat transfer coefficient of 1.6 W/(m2·°C), a value of the substrate's specific active heat generation of 9.2 W/kg, and a moisture content of 58 % provide for the thermal needs for the process with the release of 140 MJ of excess heat. The reported study could be the basis for the modernized methodology of thermal calculations of the bio-based raw materials composting process in closed fermentation chamber

A heterometallic (Fe6Na8) cage-like silsesquioxane: synthesis, structure, spin glass behavior and high catalytic activity.

International audienceThe exotic "Asian Lantern" heterometallic cage silsesquioxane [(PhSiO 1.5) 20 (FeO 1.5) 6 (NaO 0.5) 8 (n-BuOH) 9.6 (C 7 H 8)] (I) was obtained and characterized by X-ray diffraction, EXAFS, topological analyses and DFT calculation. The magnetic property investigations revealed that it shows an unusual spin glass-like behavior induced by a particular triangular arrangement of Fe(III) ions. Cyclohexane and other alkanes as well as benzene can be oxidized to the corresponding alkyl hydroperoxides and phenol, respectively, by hydrogen peroxide in air in the presence of catalytic amounts of complex I and nitric acid. The Icatalyzed reaction of cyclohexane, cC 6 H 12 , with H 2 16 O 2 in an atmosphere of 18 O 2 gave a mixture of labeled and non-labeled cyclohexyl hydroperoxides, cC 6 H 11-16 O-16 OH and cC 6 H 11-18 O-18 OH, respectively, with an 18 O incorporation level of ca. 12%. Compound I also revealed high efficiency in the oxidative amidation of alcohols into amides: in the presence of complex I, only 500 ppm of iron was allowed to reach TON and TOF values of 1660 and 92 h À1

SUCCOR quality: validation of ESGO quality indicators for surgical treatment of cervical cancer

Objective To evaluate whether compliance with European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) surgery quality indicators impacts disease-free survival in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 15 ESGO quality indicators were assessed in the SUCCOR database (patients who underwent radical hysterectomy for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage 2009 IB1, FIGO 2018 IB1, and IB2 cervical cancer between January 2013 and December 2014), and the final score ranged between 0 and 16 points. Centers with more than 13 points were classified as high-quality indicator compliance centers. We constructed a weighted cohort using inverse probability weighting to adjust for the variables. We compared disease-free survival and overall survival using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis in the weighted cohort. Results A total of 838 patients were included in the study. The mean number of quality indicators compliance in this cohort was 13.6 (SD 1.45). A total of 479 (57.2%) patients were operated on at high compliance centers and 359 (42.8%) patients at low compliance centers. High compliance centers performed more open surgeries (58.4% vs 36.7%, p<0.01). Women who were operated on at centers with high compliance with quality indicators had a significantly lower risk of relapse (HR=0.39; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.61; p<0.001). The association was reduced, but remained significant, after further adjustment for conization, surgical approach, and use of manipulator surgery (HR=0.48; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.75; p=0.001) and adjustment for adjuvant therapy (HR=0.47; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.74; p=0.001). Risk of death from disease was significantly lower in women operated on at centers with high adherence to quality indicators (HR=0.43; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.97; p=0.041). However, the association was not significant after adjustment for conization, surgical approach, use of manipulator surgery, and adjuvant therapy. Conclusions Patients with early cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy in centers with high compliance with ESGO quality indicators had a lower risk of recurrence and death

SUCCOR quality: validation of ESGO quality indicators for surgical treatment of cervical cancer

Objective To evaluate whether compliance with European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) surgery quality indicators impacts disease-free survival in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 15 ESGO quality indicators were assessed in the SUCCOR database (patients who underwent radical hysterectomy for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage 2009 IB1, FIGO 2018 IB1, and IB2 cervical cancer between January 2013 and December 2014), and the final score ranged between 0 and 16 points. Centers with more than 13 points were classified as high-quality indicator compliance centers. We constructed a weighted cohort using inverse probability weighting to adjust for the variables. We compared disease-free survival and overall survival using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis in the weighted cohort. Results A total of 838 patients were included in the study. The mean number of quality indicators compliance in this cohort was 13.6 (SD 1.45). A total of 479 (57.2%) patients were operated on at high compliance centers and 359 (42.8%) patients at low compliance centers. High compliance centers performed more open surgeries (58.4% vs 36.7%, p<0.01). Women who were operated on at centers with high compliance with quality indicators had a significantly lower risk of relapse (HR=0.39; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.61; p<0.001). The association was reduced, but remained significant, after further adjustment for conization, surgical approach, and use of manipulator surgery (HR=0.48; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.75; p=0.001) and adjustment for adjuvant therapy (HR=0.47; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.74; p=0.001). Risk of death from disease was significantly lower in women operated on at centers with high adherence to quality indicators (HR=0.43; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.97; p=0.041). However, the association was not significant after adjustment for conization, surgical approach, use of manipulator surgery, and adjuvant therapy. Conclusions Patients with early cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy in centers with high compliance with ESGO quality indicators had a lower risk of recurrence and death

Radical hysterectomy in early cervical cancer in Europe : characteristics, outcomes and evaluation of ESGO quality indicators

Introduction Comprehensive updated information on cervical cancer surgical treatment in Europe is scarce. Objective To evaluate baseline characteristics of women with early cervical cancer and to analyze the outcomes of the ESGO quality indicators after radical hysterectomy in the SUCCOR database. Methods The SUCCOR database consisted of 1272 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy for stage IB1 cervical cancer (FIGO 2009) between January 2013 and December 2014. After exclusion criteria, the final sample included 1156 patients. This study first described the clinical, surgical, pathological, and follow-up variables of this population and then analyzed the outcomes (disease-free survival and overall survival) after radical hysterectomy. Surgical-related ESGO quality indicators were assessed and the accomplishment of the stated recommendations was verified. Results The mean age of the patients was 47.1 years (SD 10.8), with a mean body mass index of 25.4 kg/m(2) (SD 4.9). A total of 423 (36.6%) patients had a previous cone biopsy. Tumor size (clinical examination) <2 cm was observed in 667 (57.7%) patients. The most frequent histology type was squamous carcinoma (794 (68.7%) patients), and positive lymph nodes were found in 143 (12.4%) patients. A total of 633 (54.8%) patients were operated by open abdominal surgery. Intra-operative complications occurred in 108 (9.3%) patients, and post-operative complications during the first month occurred in 249 (21.5%) patients, with bladder dysfunction as the most frequent event (119 (10.3%) patients). Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher complication occurred in 56 (4.8%) patients. A total of 510 (44.1%) patients received adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up of 58 months (range 0-84), the 5-year disease-free survival was 88.3%, and the overall survival was 94.9%. In our population, 10 of the 11 surgical-related quality indicators currently recommended by ESGO were fully fulfilled 5 years before its implementation. Conclusions In this European cohort, the rate of adjuvant therapy after radical hysterectomy is higher than for most similar patients reported in the literature. The majority of centers were already following the European recommendations even 5 years prior to the ESGO quality indicator implementations.Cervix cance

Radical hysterectomy in early cervical cancer in Europe: characteristics, outcomes and evaluation of ESGO quality indicators

Introduction Comprehensive updated information on cervical cancer surgical treatment in Europe is scarce. Objective To evaluate baseline characteristics of women with early cervical cancer and to analyze the outcomes of the ESGO quality indicators after radical hysterectomy in the SUCCOR database. Methods The SUCCOR database consisted of 1272 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy for stage IB1 cervical cancer (FIGO 2009) between January 2013 and December 2014. After exclusion criteria, the final sample included 1156 patients. This study first described the clinical, surgical, pathological, and follow-up variables of this population and then analyzed the outcomes (disease-free survival and overall survival) after radical hysterectomy. Surgical-related ESGO quality indicators were assessed and the accomplishment of the stated recommendations was verified. Results The mean age of the patients was 47.1 years (SD 10.8), with a mean body mass index of 25.4 kg/m(2) (SD 4.9). A total of 423 (36.6%) patients had a previous cone biopsy. Tumor size (clinical examination) &lt;2 cm was observed in 667 (57.7%) patients. The most frequent histology type was squamous carcinoma (794 (68.7%) patients), and positive lymph nodes were found in 143 (12.4%) patients. A total of 633 (54.8%) patients were operated by open abdominal surgery. Intra-operative complications occurred in 108 (9.3%) patients, and post-operative complications during the first month occurred in 249 (21.5%) patients, with bladder dysfunction as the most frequent event (119 (10.3%) patients). Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher complication occurred in 56 (4.8%) patients. A total of 510 (44.1%) patients received adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up of 58 months (range 0-84), the 5-year disease-free survival was 88.3%, and the overall survival was 94.9%. In our population, 10 of the 11 surgical-related quality indicators currently recommended by ESGO were fully fulfilled 5 years before its implementation. Conclusions In this European cohort, the rate of adjuvant therapy after radical hysterectomy is higher than for most similar patients reported in the literature. The majority of centers were already following the European recommendations even 5 years prior to the ESGO quality indicator implementations